Yarn degradation during weaving process and its effect on the mechanical behaviours of 3D warp interlock p-aramid fabric for industrial applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372093728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulat Alubel Abtew ◽  
François Boussu ◽  
Pascal Bruniaux ◽  
Carmen Loghin ◽  
Irina Cristian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Fabric Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
3D Warp Interlock Fabric

Three dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabric becomes a promising structure due to its good mechanical performances. However, its complex manufacturing process can cause severe yarn damage and affects its overall final performances. The current study addressed the effects weaving process and warp yarn ratios on the multi-filaments yarn degradations and its mechanical performances while 3D warp interlock fabric manufacturing. Four different 3D warp interlock variants having similar fabric architecture, and yarn densities but different warp yarns interchange ratios were manufactured using 930dTex high-performance multi-filament (Twaron® f1000). The multi-filaments yarns at different weaving processes were tested for their tensile properties. The results show that the average tensile strength of twisted yarns show a decrement of 5.68% as compared to the bobbin yarns. Meanwhile, warping process also showed a 16.11% maximum breaking load reduction as compared to the bobbin yarn. Besides, the tensile strength of binding yarn after weaving process for samples 3D-8/0, 3D-8/4, and 3D-8/8 was reduced by 12.79%, 5.22%, and 14.22% respectively as compared to the yarn after warping process. In conclusion, yarn degradation inside the 3D woven structure was affected not only by the various process parameters but also by the type of fabric architecture made with different warp yarn ratios. These phenomena ultimately bring a great influence both on the yarn and overall mechanical performance of the final products. For this, further studies are planned to investigate the multi-filaments yarn degradation effect on the ballistic performances fibrous material as it is directly linked to the yarn performance.

Influence of Sintering Parameters on the Mechanical Performance of PM Steels Pre-Alloyed with Chromium

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Bergman ◽  
Björn Lindqvist ◽  
Sven Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Partial Pressures

Powder grades pre-alloyed with 1.5-3 wt% chromium are suitable for PM steel components in high performance applications. These materials can be successfully sintered at the conventional temperature 1120 °C, although well-monitored sintering atmospheres with low oxygen partial pressures (<10-17-10-18 atm) are required to avoid oxidation. Mechanical properties of the Cralloyed PM grades are enhanced by a higher sintering temperature in the range 1120-1250 °C, due to positive effects from pore rounding, increased density and more effective oxide reduction. A material consisting of Astaloy CrM, which is pre-alloyed with 3 wt% Cr and 0.5 wt% Mo, and 0.6 wt% graphite obtains an ultimate tensile strength of 1470 MPa combined with an impact strength of 31 J at density 7.1 g/cm3, after sintering at 1250 °C followed by cooling at 2.5 °C/s and tempering.

scholarly journals Synchronously Strengthen and Toughen Polypropylene Using Tartaric Acid-Modified Nano-CaCO3

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2493
Author(s):  
Junlong Yao ◽  
Hanchao Hu ◽  
Zhengguang Sun ◽  
Yucong Wang ◽  
Huabo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

In order to overcome the challenge of synchronously strengthening and toughening polypropylene (PP) with a low-cost and environmental technology, CaCO3 (CC) nanoparticles are modified by tartaric acid (TA), a kind of food-grade complexing agent, and used as nanofillers for the first time. The evaluation of mechanical performance showed that, with 20 wt.% TA-modified CC (TAMCC), the impact toughness and tensile strength of TAMCC/PP were 120% and 14% more than those of neat PP, respectively. Even with 50 wt.% TAMCC, the impact toughness and tensile strength of TAMCC/PP were still superior to those of neat PP, which is attributable to the improved compatibility and dispersion of TAMCC in a PP matrix, and the better fluidity of TAMCC/PP nanocomposite. The strengthening and toughening mechanism of TAMCC for PP involves interfacial debonding between nanofillers and PP, and the decreased crystallinity of PP, but without the formation of β-PP. This article presents a new applicable method to modify CC inorganic fillers with a green modifier and promote their dispersion in PP. The obtained PP nanocomposite simultaneously achieved enhanced mechanical strength and impact toughness even with high content of nanofillers, highlighting bright perspective in high-performance, economical, and eco-friendly polymer-inorganic nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Mechanical performance investigation of lignocellulosic coconut and pomegranate / LDPE biocomposite green materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Suleiman BaniHani ◽  
Faris M. AL-Oqla ◽  
Samer Mutawe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
A Value ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Biocomposites have been implemented in various industrial applications. However, it is necessary to demonstrate their desired mechanical performance aspects for the near future green products. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of utilizing both coconut and pomegranate lignocellulosic fiber as green reinforcement types for the low-density polyethylene, LDPE. Desired mechanical performance trends are investigated for the green composites including the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation to break properties as a function of various reinforcement configurations. This was performed to properly optimize the reinforcement conditions to obtain desirable mechanical characteristics of such types of bio-composites for more sustainable functional attributes. Results have demonstrated that the best tensile strength for the coconut/PE was achieved at 20wt.% case with 8.2 MPa, and the best regarding this property for the pomegranate/PE was at 30wt.% with a value close to 8.3 MPa. Moreover, obvious inverse relationship between strength and strain for the coconut composite type was revealed at both low and high fiber contents. It was also noticed that the 20wt.% coconut-based composite has demonstrated the best optimal values of tensile strength and tensile modulus simultaneously. But no reinforcement condition was found for pomegranate/LDPE as an optimal for these mechanical properties concurrently.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Dry Three-Dimensional Warp Interlock Para-Aramid Woven Fabrics: Experimental Methods toward Applications in Composite Reinforcement and Soft Body Armor

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4233
Author(s):  
Mulat Alubel Abtew ◽  
Francois Boussu ◽  
Pascal Bruniaux ◽  
Han Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
3D Warp Interlock Fabric ◽  
Composite Reinforcement

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabric has been involved in composite reinforcement and soft ballistic material due to its great moldability, improved impact energy-absorbing capacity, and good intra-ply resistance to delamination behaviors. However, understanding the effects of different parameters of the fabric on its mechanical behavior is necessary before the final application. The fabric architecture and its internal yarn composition are among the common influencing parameters. The current research aims to explore the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratio in the 3D warp interlock para-aramid architecture on its mechanical behavior. Thus, four 3D warp interlock variants with different warp (binding and stuffer) yarn ratios but similar architecture and structural characteristics were engineered and manufactured. Tensile and flexural rigidity mechanical tests were carried out at macro- and meso-scale according to standard EN ISO 13 934-1 and nonwoven bending length (WSP 90.5(05)), respectively. Based on the results, the warp yarn interchange ratio in the structure revealed strong influences on the tensile properties of the fabric at both the yarn and final fabric stages. Moreover, the bending stiffness of the different structures showed significant variation in both the warp and weft directions. Thus, the interchange rations of stuffer and binding warp yarn inside the 3D warp interlock fabric were found to be very key in optimizing the mechanical performance of the fabric for final applications.

Natural Fibre/Polypropylene Wrap Spun Yarns and Preforms for Structured Thermoplastic Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hua Jiang ◽  
Ze Xing Wang ◽  
Nan Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Spun Yarns

In the past decade, natural fibre composites with thermoplastic matrices had attracted many composites manufactures for the superiority of lightweight and low-cost. A major challenge for natural fibre composites was to achieve high mechanical performance at a competitive price. Composites constructed from yarn and fabric structure preforms were better than composites made from random nonwoven mats. However, the twist structure of conventional ring spun yarns prevented the full utilization of fibre mechanical properties in the final composites. In this paper, the wrapped yarns were produced by wrap spun method with flax and polypropylene (PP), in which all flax fibres were twistless, then woven to be fabric preforms. The PP fibres served as a carrier for flax fibres during processing and became the polymer matrix in the final composites. The homogenous distribution of fibre and thermoplastic matrix in preforms could be achieved before hot pressing, so that not lead to impregnate difficultly, and prevented damage to the reinforced nature fibres during processing. Composites made from the wrapped yarn demonstrated significant tensile and peeling properties. The fabric structures (include plain, twill, and basket weave) and yarn tensile orientation (in 0°, 90°, 45°), had great influence on tensile strength and elongation of preforms. The cavity thickness of hot pressing mould had different influence on the tensile strength and peeling strength of thermoplastic composites, and the mechanical properties were superior when the thickness was 0.8-1.2 mm. The microstructure of thermoplastic composites showed uniform infiltration between layers, and had good bonding interface between flax fibre and PP matrix in composites.

Reduction of weaving process-induced warp yarn damage and crimp of leno scrims based on coarse high-performance fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 3326-3341
Author(s):  
D Weise ◽  
M Vorhof ◽  
R Brünler ◽  
C Sennewald ◽  
G Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
First Time

In this paper, a constructively and technologically modified leno loom is introduced, which enables for the first time the low-damage processing of coarse high-performance fibers such as heavy tows with a non-crimped warp and weft yarn system to scrims. The modified leno loom requires just a single shedding element to achieve the vertical and horizontal offset motion of the weft yarn system for pattern generation. These modifications allow the low-damage processing of coarse high-performance fibers in the warp (straight yarn) and the weft yarn systems to create leno fabrics. These leno fabrics produced with the modified loom are investigated experimentally. By means of a three-factorial analysis of variance, the influence of tensile forces operating during processing and weft density on the crimp and the tensile strength of the straight yarn is examined. It is revealed that the property degradation (tensile/breaking strength) of the straight yarn caused by the weaving process is drastically reduced to 4.2% compared to an unprocessed roving. The determined crimp of the straight yarn affected by process-inherent tensile forces is 0.1% at its maximum. Thus, the presented leno-woven fabrics offer an enormous application potential for the reinforcement of brittle matrices, such as ceramic or concrete.

scholarly journals Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Yanhong Jin ◽  
Jiaxian Lin ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Chunhong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fiber Spinning ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Modified Lignin

As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin’s spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Fracture Parameters of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforcement Concrete Cured via Steam and Water: Optimization of Binder Content

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Avan Ahmed Mala ◽  
Aryan Far H. Sherwani ◽  
Khaleel H. Younis ◽  
Rabar H. Faraj ◽  
Amir Mosavi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Steam Curing ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance Fiber ◽  
Curing Methods

An investigational study is conducted to examine the effects of different amounts of binders and curing methods on the mechanical behavior and ductility of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concretes (UHPFRCs) that contain 2% of Micro Steel Fiber (MSF). The aim is to find an optimum binder content for the UHPFRC mixes. The same water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.12 was used for both water curing (WC) and steam curing (SC). Based on the curing methods, two series of eight mixes of UHPFRCs containing different binder contents ranging from 850 to 1200 kg/m3 with an increment of 50 kg/m3 were produced. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static elastic module, flexural tensile strength and the ductility behavior were investigated. This study revealed that the mixture of 1150 kg/m3 binder content exhibited the highest values of the experimental results such as a compressive strength greater than 190 MPa, a splitting tensile strength greater than 12.5 MPa, and a modulus of elasticity higher than 45 GPa. The results also show that all of the improvements began to slightly decrease at 1200 kg/m3 of the binder content. On the other hand, it was concluded that SC resulted in higher mechanical performance and ductility behavior than WC.

Characterization of slide ring materials for dielectric elastomer actuators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shintake ◽  
Koya Matsuno ◽  
Kazumasa Baba ◽  
Hiromitsu Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performances

Abstract This paper investigates the characteristics of sliding ring materials (SRMs), which are promising elastomeric materials for dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). Two different types of SRMs with Young's modulus of 0.8 MPa and 3.3 MPa, respectively, are prepared, and their material and mechanical properties and electro-mechanical performances at electric fields of up to 30 V/um are characterized. For comparison, the same tests are also performed on several commercially available elastomers: Elastosil 2030, Ecoflex 00-30, CF19-2186, and VHB 4905. The results reveal that SRMs demonstrate negligible Mullins effect and hysteresis, while their dielectric strength (62.4‒112.4 V/µm) and viscoelasticity (tan⁡δ 0.07‒0.24 at 10 Hz) are comparable or even superior to those of other elastomers. In addition, elongation at break is found to be 163.8‒172.1%. SRMs exhibit excellent electro-mechanical performance; for instance, one of the two types has an actuation force 293.2 mN at 24.9 V/µm and a strain of 5.2% at 22.3 V/µm. These values are the largest or larger than most of the tested elastomers. The high performance of SRMs results from their dielectric constant, which ranges from 10.3‒13.4, leading to an electro-mechanical sensitivity of up to 15.3 MPa-1. These results illustrate SRMs as attractive material options for DEAs.

The Effects of Annealing Treatment Temperatures on Mechanical Performance of Aluminum-Coated Magnesium Composite plates

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Jin Wei Wang ◽  
Xian Quan Jiang ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Tensile Behavior

Aluminum-coated magnesiumcomposite plates were fabricated by clad-rolling, then diffusion annealingtreated at 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C for 1h . The mechanicalperformance of aluminum-coated magnesium composite plates was investigated bythe test of tensile behavior. The best tensile strength and elongation wasfound at 250°C, 148.3Mpa and 6.48%.The changesof microstructure were investigated by metallographic microscope and scanningelectronic microscope. It was found that theinterface intermetallic compounds generated great influence to the interface bondingperformance because of its brittleness andthickness.

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