Effect of stacking sequence on the mechanical properties of pseudo-ductile thin-ply unidirectional carbon-basalt fibers/epoxy composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372097840
Author(s):  
SM Saleh Mousavi-Bafrouyi ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽  
Abdolreza Geranmayeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Ductile Behavior

In this study, the flexural and impact properties of hybrid composites including the thin-ply unidirectional (UD) carbon fibers and basalt fabrics with different stacking sequences were investigated. Hybrid composites were fabricated by 2 layers of thin-ply UD carbon fibers and 6 layers of basalt fabrics in which the position of thin-ply UD carbon fibers was changed from the center to the outermost layers for different samples. Results indicated that by embedding the thin-ply UD carbon fibers in the laminates, both flexural and impact properties of the samples were considerably improved. The highest flexural strength (451 MPa) and modulus (37 GPa) values were achieved when the thin-ply UD carbon fibers were placed at the outermost layers; these values were respectively 24% and 44% higher than those of the sample without these fibers. However, results indicated that by placing the thin-ply UD carbon fibers at the center of samples, the failure behavior of samples was changed from catastrophic failure to progressive; and a pseudo-ductile behavior was observed in the mentioned samples. The highest pseudo-ductile strain value of 0.0054 was obtained by placing the thin-ply UD carbon fibers at the center of samples. Similar to the trend pseudo-ductility of samples, the flexural strain of samples improved by nearing the thin-ply UD carbon fibers to the center of samples. Similar to the flexural strain of samples, the results of Charpy impact tests indicated that by nearing the thin-ply UD carbon fibers to the outermost layers, the absorbed energy values decreased.

The effect of stacking sequence of basalt and Kevlar fibers on the Charpy impact behavior of hybrid composites and fiber metal laminates

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (16) ◽  
pp. 3270-3279
Author(s):  
Fardin Asghari Arpatappeh ◽  
Mehdi Abdollahi Azghan ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Fiber Metal

In this study, the effect of the arrangement of Kevlar and basalt fibers as the reinforcements on the Charpy impact behavior of hybrid epoxy composites was investigated. Also, the effect of adding metal plates (aluminum 2024-T3 and stainless steel 316L) into the basalt/ Kevlar fibers reinforced epoxy composites to fabricate fiber metal laminates under Charpy impact loads was studied. The fabricated fiber metal laminates in this research consisted of three metal plates and two groups of composite layers placed between them and were fabricated by the hand lay-up technique. Results indicated that the stacking sequence of fibers due to the hybridization effect caused a considerable improvement in the energy absorption value (99%) of hybrid composites, compared to specimens with one kind of fibers. Moreover, the effect of adding aluminum plates for the fabrication of fiber metal laminate was greater than adding steel plates. Considering the weight of composites, fiber metal laminates with aluminum and steel sheets, it was found that the average specific energy absorption value of aluminum fiber metal laminates was about 2.5 times higher than those of steel fiber metal laminates and composites.

Delamination Damages of Drilling Epoxy/Carbon/Basalt Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using Conventional Drill Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
I Dewa Gede Ary Subagia ◽  
Nyoman Sutantra ◽  
Akhmad Herman Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Twist Drill ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Defect Zone ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Push Out

This experiment is to investigate delamination damage of carbon/basalt/epoxy hybrid composites on the drilling manufacturing process. The damage is caused by drilling on wet and dry conditions with a twist drill size of 8 [mm], and 10 [mm] have been conducted. This experiment was carried out based on the ASTMD 5470-12 standard. Three hybrid composites have been manufactured for samples such as H1, H2, and H3. Additionally, the carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites (CFRP) and basalt fibers reinforced epoxy composites (BFRP) as experiment control had built. The aim is to assess the defect zone of carbon/basalt hybrid composite against the drilling. The examination results showed that the feed rate speed of various laminate configurations e.g., H1, H2, and H3, on drilling dried between twist drill of 10 [mm] and 8 [mm] diameters are 50.5 %, 25 %, and 33.2 %, respectively. Also, adding lubricant during the drilling work has reduced peel-out and push-out effectively. The delamination defect has been the high resulted in drilling using drill 10 [mm] in wet or dry conditions. In contrast, delamination defect has occurred minimum on drilling hole using twist drill 8mm in work wet and dry condition. It has still occurred. From this research, the combination sequence of basalt and carbon fiber has the possibility to experience the delaminate damage in dry drilling processes.

Experimental assessment of adding carbon nanotubes on the impact properties of Kevlar-ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers hybrid composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372092148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour B Bigdilou ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri ◽  
Mohammad A Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, the effect of adding various percentage (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.9 wt.%) of carbon nanotubes on the impact properties of hybrid composites reinforced with the different stacking sequence of Kevlar fibers and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene was investigated. The obtained results showed that the composite with the configuration of sandwiched ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene layers by Kevlar layers had the higher impact properties as compared with other hybrid configurations. Adding 0.1 wt.% carbon nanotubes in this configuration was caused to increase the normalized absorbed energy more than 6.5 times. The fracture surface of this configuration showed that the branching and expanding the damage area were the dominant mechanisms for the energy absorption of impactor. Also, the field emission scanning electron microscope illustrated that the carbon nanotubes by bridging, pulling out, and fracturing mechanisms increased the capability of energy absorption in the hybrid composites.

Effect of hybridization on the impact properties of flax/basalt epoxy composites: Influence of the stacking sequence

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 476-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ricciardi ◽  
I. Papa ◽  
V. Lopresto ◽  
A. Langella ◽  
V. Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
The Impact

Effect of stacking sequence on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced with carbon and basalt fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D.G. Ary Subagia ◽  
Yonjig Kim ◽  
Leonard D. Tijing ◽  
Cheol Sang Kim ◽  
Ho Kyong Shon
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Basalt Fibers

Tensile and Flexural Strength of Untreated Woven Henequen-Glass Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 569-575
Author(s):  
Ángel Marroquín de Jesús ◽  
Juan Manuel Olivares Ramírez ◽  
José Luis Reyes-Araiza ◽  
Alejandro Manzano-Ramirez ◽  
Luis Miguel Apatiga Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Mechanical Anchoring ◽  
Fiber Matrix Interface

The use of eco-friendly composites has gained attraction due to its lightweight and moderate strength in recent years. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of the stacking sequence of glass and henequen fabrics on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites. Fiber/Matrix interface adhesion was examined using SEM. It was observed how the tensile and flexural properties of the hybrid reinforced epoxy laminates with henequen and glass fabrics, increase as the number of layers of henequen woven fabric decrease while stacking sequence does not have a great effect on the tensile properties. However, when ten layers of henequen fabric were used, a eco-friendly composite material with good mechanical strength was obtained due to the mechanical anchoring of the henequen fabric with the epoxy resin. Hence, it is clearly shown how by tailoring the geometry of the fabric, improvements in the mechanical properties of eco-friendly polymer composites can be achieved.

scholarly journals Charpy Impact Properties of Hydrogen-Exposed 316L Stainless Steel at Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Hung Nguyen ◽  
Jae-Sik Hwang ◽  
Myung-Sung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Seul-Kee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
The Impact

316L stainless steel is a promising material candidate for a hydrogen containment system. However, when in contact with hydrogen, the material could be degraded by hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Moreover, the mechanism and the effect of HE on 316L stainless steel have not been clearly studied. This study investigated the effect of hydrogen exposure on the impact toughness of 316L stainless steel to understand the relation between hydrogen charging time and fracture toughness at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. In this study, 316L stainless steel specimens were exposed to hydrogen in different durations. Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact tests were conducted at ambient and low temperatures to study the effect of HE on the impact properties and fracture toughness of 316L stainless steel under the tested temperatures. Hydrogen analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to find the effect of charging time on the hydrogen concentration and surface morphology, respectively. The result indicated that exposure to hydrogen decreased the absorbed energy and ductility of 316L stainless steel at all tested temperatures but not much difference was found among the pre-charging times. Another academic insight is that low temperatures diminished the absorbed energy by lowering the ductility of 316L stainless steel.

scholarly journals Hybrid Cellulose–Basalt Polypropylene Composites with Enhanced Compatibility: The Role of Coupling Agent

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4384
Author(s):  
Claudia Sergi ◽  
Francesca Sbardella ◽  
Matteo Lilli ◽  
Jacopo Tirillò ◽  
Andrea Calzolari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Lower Reactivity ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength ◽  
Composite Properties

This study deals with the development and optimization of hybrid composites integrating microcrystalline cellulose and short basalt fibers in a polypropylene (PP) matrix to maximize the mechanical properties of resulting composites. To this aim, the effects of two different coupling agents, endowed with maleic anhydride (MA-g(grafted)-PP) and acrylic acid (AA-g-PP) functionalities, on the composite properties were investigated as a function of their amount. Tensile, flexural, impact and heat deflection temperature tests highlighted the lower reactivity and effectiveness of AA-g-PP, regardless of reinforcement type. Hybrid formulations with basalt/cellulose (15/15) and with 5 wt. % of MA-g-PP displayed remarkable increases in tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and notched Charpy impact strength, of 45% and 284%, 97% and 263%, and 13%, in comparison with neat PP, respectively. At the same time, the thermo-mechanical stability was enhanced by 65% compared to neat PP. The results of this study, if compared with the ones available in the literature, reveal the ability of such a combination of reinforcements to provide materials suitable for automotive applications with environmental benefits.

Effect of interlayer hybridization of carbon, Kevlar, and glass fibers with oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers on the mechanical behaviors of hybrid composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (9) ◽  
pp. 1823-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽  
Ebrahim Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Fiber ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors

This study focuses on tensile and flexural behaviors of epoxy composites, which have been reinforced by oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and high-performance fibers (carbon, glass, and Kevlar). In hybrid composites, the parameters of hybridization show positive or negative hybrid effects on its mechanical properties. The results of energy absorption achieved from the tensile test depicted that reinforced hybrid composites by two plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber and two plies of carbon, Kevlar, and glass fibers with energy absorption of 916, 700, and 899 kJ m–3 had the maximum hybridization parameter, which were 1.1, 0.64, and 1.54, respectively. Also, the mentioned hybrid composites with flexural stresses of 279.4, 198.5, and 167.3 MPa had the maximum hybridization parameter in a flexural test, which were 3.01, 2.68, and 1.80, respectively. Hybrid composites, which were reinforced by three plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber/one ply carbon fibers, three plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber/one ply of glass fibers, and two plies of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber/two plies of Kevlar fibers, had the maximum pseudo strain in their group, which were 0.12%, 0.65%, and 0.17%, respectively. The microstructure investigations depicted crossing cracks among oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber and cutting the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber, which were caused to increase the hybridization parameters in mechanical tests. Also, it was found that as compared with carbon, glass, and Kevlar fibers, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber had a ductile fracture, which was the reason for the pseudo-ductility behavior in hybrid composites.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hybridisation on Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Behaviour of Woven Jute/Ramie Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2964
Author(s):  
Cionita Tezara ◽  
Agung Efriyo Hadi ◽  
Januar Parlaungan Siregar ◽  
Zalinawati Muhamad ◽  
Mohammad Hazim Mohamad Hamdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Stacking Sequence

Recently, the most critical issue related to the use of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPC) is the degradation properties of composites exposed to the environment. NFRPC’s moisture absorption behaviour has adverse effects on the composite’s mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The purpose of this study is to analyse the mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced by jute–ramie hybridisation. This study also analysed the effect of stacking sequence hybridisation of the jute–ramie composite on water absorption behaviour. A five-layer different type of stacking sequence of single and hybrid jute–ramie is produced with the hand lay-up method. The results obtained from this study found that the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of a single jute fibre are lower compared to a single ramie fibre. The hybrid of jute–ramie has been able to increase the performance of composite compared to pure jute composites. The mechanical properties of the hybrid jute–ramie composite show a reduction effect after exposure to an aqueous environment due to the breakdown of fibre matrix interfacial bonding. However, after 28 days of immersion, all types of the stacking sequence’s mechanical properties are still higher than that of pure epoxy resin. In conclusion, the appropriate sequence of stacking and selecting the material used are two factors that predominantly affect the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour. The hybrid composites with the desired and preferable properties can be manufactured using a hand-lay-up technique and used in the various industrial applications.

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