Long-term changes of forest biomass and its driving factors in karst area, Guizhou, China

The spatiotemporal dynamic changes of forest biomass can provide scientific reference and scheme for improving the quality of forest resources and the ecological environment in karst areas. In this article, the China’s National Forest Continuous Inventory data (from 1984 to 2015) was used to analyze the dynamic changes of forest biomass with the univariate linear slope k, barycenter trajectory, improved hot spots detection which was applied in the analysis of forest biomass dynamic change, and geospatial detector method in Guizhou in the first time. The results showed that the total forest biomass had a steady upward trend, 29.3% unit biomass of the forest had significantly increased, while 1.4% decreased dramatically. The forest biomass gravity center shifted from Qiandongnan to Qiannan, with a total distance of 54.1 km. Thus, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) benefiting from the effective implementation of forestry-related policies, the forest biomass had significant increased in a long time series, especially for the artificial shelter forest; (2) the gravity center shifted to the northwest and the number of level 1 forest biomass hot spots increased year by year, which showed a generalized symmetric pattern along the Wujiang River mainstream; and (3) the results of geographical survey showed that the change of forest biomass was greatly affected by topography, climate and human activities, among which terrain factors had the greatest impact.

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Measuring Dynamic Changes in the Spatial Pattern and Connectivity of Surface Waters Based on Landscape and Graph Metrics: A Case Study of Henan Province in Central China

Land ◽

10.3390/land10050471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Bo Mu ◽

Guohang Tian ◽

Gengyu Xin ◽

Miao Hu ◽

Panpan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Henan Province ◽

Central China ◽

Node Degree ◽

Human Society ◽

Stepping Stones ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Graph Metrics

An understanding of the scientific layout of surface water space is crucial for the sustainable development of human society and the ecological environment. The objective of this study was to use land-use/land-cover data to identify the spatiotemporal dynamic change processes and the influencing factors over the past three decades in Henan Province, central China. Multidisciplinary theories (landscape ecology and graph theory) and methods (GIS spatial analysis and SPSS correlation analysis) were used to quantify the dynamic changes in surface water pattern and connectivity. Our results revealed that the water area decreased significantly during the periods of 1990–2000 and 2010–2018 due to a decrease in tidal flats and linear waters, but increased significantly in 2000–2010 due to an increase in patchy waters. Human construction activities, socioeconomic development and topography were the key factors driving the dynamics of water pattern and connectivity. The use of graph metrics (node degree, betweenness centrality, and delta probability of connectivity) in combination with landscape metrics (Euclidean nearest-neighbor distance) can help establish the parameters of threshold distance between connected habitats, identify hubs and stepping stones, and determine the relatively important water patches that require priority protection or development.

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Temporal association between human upper respiratory and gut bacterial microbiomes during the course of COVID-19 in adults

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01796-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rong Xu ◽

Renfei Lu ◽

Tao Zhang ◽

Qunfu Wu ◽

Weihua Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Change ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Type I ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Community Types ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

16 S Rrna

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19. It infects multiple organs including the respiratory tract and gut. Dynamic changes of regional microbiomes in infected adults are largely unknown. Here, we performed longitudinal analyses of throat and anal swabs from 35 COVID-19 and 19 healthy adult controls, as well as 10 non-COVID-19 patients with other diseases, by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a partitioning of the patients into 3-4 categories based on microbial community types (I-IV) in both sites. The bacterial diversity was lower in COVID-19 patients than healthy controls and decreased gradually from community type I to III/IV. Although the dynamic change of microbiome was complex during COVID-19, a synchronous restoration of both the upper respiratory and gut microbiomes from early dysbiosis towards late more diverse status was observed in 6/8 mild COVID-19 adult patients. These findings reveal previously unknown interactions between upper respiratory and gut microbiomes during COVID-19.

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Explicitly Analyze the Soil Erosion in the Karst and Non-Karst Area of Different Morphological Types in Guizhou of China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-287254/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anjun Lan ◽

Zemeng Fan ◽

Qingsong Zhao ◽

Xuyang Bai

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Karst Area ◽

Intensity Change ◽

Good Effect ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Change Intensity ◽

Erosion Intensity

Abstract How to explicitly understanding the soil erosion intensity change in different geomorphological types is one of key issues in the field of soil and water conservation. According to classification criterion of soil erosion intensity of China, the spatial soil erosion data with the resolution of 10 m×10m in Guizhou Province were obtained by combing with the multi-resolution remote sensing data of ALOS, ZY-3, GF-1, Landsat and GDEMV2, and 2762 field sampling data in 2010 and 2015, respectively. a spatial analysis model of soil erosion was improved to analyze the spatiotemporal change of soil erosion intensity in karst and non karst area of Guizhou province, which involved the spatial soil erosion data and different geomorphological type data of Guizhou province. The results show that the soil erosion intensity decreased by 6468.13km 2 in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2015. The dynamic change intensity in the high-altitude area is larger than in the low-altitude area. The soil change intensity in karst area is higher than in non karst area, especially in the high and middle elevation area in Guizhou province. Moreover, the decreasing ratio of soil erosion intensity in karst area is generally larger than in non karst area, which can be used to explain that the ecological restoration projects and water soil conservation polices carried out in karst area has a good effect, especially in western of Guizhou province from 2010 to 2015, one the other hand, the soil erosion in non karst area should also be focused by local government in the future.

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Dynamic Changes in Heparin-binding Protein as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Sepsis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-111262/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qing-Li Dou ◽

Jiang-Ping Liu ◽

Wen-Wu Zhang ◽

Hoi Sin Tong ◽

Ya-Nan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Care Center ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Multicenter Studies ◽

Absolute Level ◽

Heparin Binding Protein

Abstract BACKGROUNDWe aimed to investigate the prognostic value of dynamic changes in heparin-binding protein (HBP) within the first 48 hours of hospital admission in sepsis patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study in the emergency intensive care unit of a tertiary care center. Patients who met SEPSIS-3 criteria were prospectively enrolled from August 2019 to January 2020. Serum levels of HBP were measured at admission, 24 hours, and 48 hours. Dynamic change in HBP was calculated as a percentage change between admission and 24 hours, and between admission and 48 hours. Accuracies of absolute level of HBP, dynamic change of HBP, and other biomarkers were compared with ROC analysis.ResultsA total of 245 patients were enrolled. After excluding patients not fulfilling the eligibility criteria and those died before 48 hours of admission, 185 patients were included for final analysis, of which 117 had sepsis, 68(36.76%) had septic shock, and 48(30%) died in the hospital. Day 1-HBP was correlated with procalcitonin (r2=0.21, p=0.004). Of all predictors of 30-day mortality, HBP clearance within 48 hours had the highest predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.82), followed by Day 1-HBP (AUC: 0.79), PCT (AUC: 0.75) and HBPc-24(AUC: 0.6). HBPc-48 > -17.14% had an independent impact on 30-day survival after adjusting for age, gender, shock status, and requirement of mechanical ventilation support.ConclusionsHBPc-48 can predict survival in critically ill patients with sepsis and can assist clinicians with risk stratification of these patients. Future multicenter studies are necessary to assess the generalizability of these findings.

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Temporal Profile of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19

OTO Open ◽

10.1177/2473974x20978133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 2473974X2097813

Author(s):

Patricia A. Loftus ◽

Lauren T. Roland ◽

Jose G. Gurrola ◽

Steven W. Cheung ◽

Jolie L. Chang

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Olfactory Dysfunction ◽

General Health Status ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Olfactory Loss ◽

Viral Illness ◽

Time Of Infection

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with olfactory dysfunction, but the evolution of the olfactory loss and timeline to recovery are largely unknown. This study examines changes in smell sensitivity in COVID-19–positive (COVID+) and COVID-19–negative (COVID–) viral illness during the initial weeks after infection. Study Design Cross-sectional cohort comparison. Setting National anonymous surveys. Methods Survey participants were queried about smell sensitivity and general health status at the time of COVID-19 testing and in the weeks that followed. Results In total, 375 (174 COVID+, 201 COVID–) participants completed the survey and 132 (62 COVID+, 70 COVID–) participants completed the 2-week follow-up survey. Normal smell in the COVID+ cohort was less frequent at the time of testing and at follow up ( P < .05). Dynamic changes in smell sensitivity in the COVID+ cohort were more frequent in the initial weeks ( P < .001). In those with normosmia at the start of infection, 38% of the COVID+ cohort reported worsening smell compared to only 8% in the COVID– cohort ( P < .05). Recovery of overall health was associated with normosmia at the time of infection and improvement of smell sensitivity within weeks of infection. Conclusion The COVID+ cohort showed greater dynamic change in smell sensitivity and a higher rate of persistent olfactory dysfunction in the weeks after infection. Normal smell at the time of COVID-19 infection may still worsen before recovery. Overall health recovery after viral illness is associated with improvement in smell sensitivity and the absence of initial anosmia or hyposmia.

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PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Peripheral CD4/CD8+ T Cells Is Restored in the Partial Remission Phase in Type 1 Diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 1947-1956 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xia Li ◽

Ting Zhong ◽

Rong Tang ◽

Chao Wu ◽

Yuting Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Partial Remission ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽

Remission Phase ◽

Expression Frequency

Abstract Context Partial remission (PR) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is accompanied by downregulation of the immune response. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are important immunosuppressive molecules, but their changes in the PR phase are unclear. Objective We investigated the dynamic changes of PD-1/PD-L1 expression on T cells around the PR phase in T1D. Methods Ninety-eight T1D patients were recruited cross-sectionally and grouped according to PR status into nonremitters (individuals who did not undergo PR during the disease course; n = 39), pre-PR (n = 15), mid-PR (n = 30), and post-PR (n = 14) subgroups. PR was defined according to C-peptide level ≥300 pmol/L or index of insulin-adjusted hemoglobin A1c ≤9 as recommended. Among all the 98 patients, 29 newly diagnosed individuals were prospectively followed up for 1 year. The dynamic changes of PD-1/PD-L1 expression, frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-35+ Tregs among peripheral CD4/CD8+ T cells were determined. Results PD-1/PD-L1 on CD4+/CD8+ T cells showed a dynamic change around the PR phase: lowest in pre-PR phase, restored in mid-PR phase, and declined again in post-PR phase. Conversely, this pattern did not occur for nonremitters. Notably, PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells in mid-PR was positively correlated with the length of the PR phase. The percentages of circulating Tregs and IL-35+ Tregs showed no relation to PR. Conclusions The PR phase is associated with restoration of PD-1/PD-L1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that PD-1/PD-L1 may be a potential target for prolonging this phase in T1D.

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The Polish Legal and Organisational Solutions Combating Terrorism

Internal Security ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.7495 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 137-145

Author(s):

Bernard Wiśniewski

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Changes ◽

Government Administration ◽

The Past ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

Legal Nature ◽

Long Time ◽

The Law ◽

The Government ◽

The Moment ◽

National Experience

Legal solutions adopted over the past few years in Poland indicate that attempts are being systematically made to improve the mechanism for counteracting terrorism. Terrorism in Poland has been opposed for a long time. The commencement of such systematic solutions took place on the 25th of October 2006 through the appointment by the Prime Minister of the Inter-ministerial Team for Terrorist Threats and ended ten years later, on the 10th of June 2016, by the adoption of the law on anti-terrorist activities. For the above-mentioned reasons, the two main parts are devoted to the issues of the commencement of legal and organisational undertakings in the fight against terrorism and the characteristics of systemic statutory solutions are preceded by considerations with conclusions. The article discusses the issues of initiatives undertaken by the government administration and presents the circumstances in which it tried to face up to the problem of developing draft laws of the law now in force. In consequence, this serves to present the areas of responsibility and tasks of government administration bodies specified in the said Act. The considerations presented in this study indicate that global and national experience gained in recent years has shaped the“Polish model of combating terrorism”, which has recently found its confirmation in the relevant legal provisions. The basis for the development of this article is the interest in improving the effectiveness of combating terrorism which, for obvious reasons, is not reducing and remains very substantial. This applies to both theoreticians and practitioners. This results first of all from the needs of the challenges and threats that are subject to dynamic changes. Secondly, through the adaptation of the tools used by the state, including those mainly legal of a legal nature. These must be improved from the moment of their implementation.

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Glacier dynamics over the last quarter of a century at Helheim, Kangerdlugssuaq and 14 other major Greenland outlet glaciers

The Cryosphere Discussions ◽

10.5194/tcd-6-1637-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1637-1672 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. L. Bevan ◽

A. J. Luckman ◽

T. Murray

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Change ◽

Greenland Ice Sheet ◽

Warming Trend ◽

Climate Forcing ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Outlet Glacier ◽

Tidewater Glaciers ◽

Front Position ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Glacier Flow

Abstract. The Greenland ice sheet is experiencing increasing rates of mass loss, the majority of which results from changes in discharge from tidewater glaciers. Both atmospheric and ocean drivers have been implicated in these dynamic changes but understanding the nature of the response has been hampered by the lack of measurements of glacier flow rates predating the recent period of warming. Here, using Landsat-5 data from 1985 onwards, we extend back in time the record of surface velocities and ice-front position for 16 of Greenland's most significant glaciers, and compare these to more recent data from Landsat-7 and SAR. Climate re-analysis and sea-surface temperatures from 1982 show that since 1995 most of Greenland and its surrounding oceans have experienced significant overall warming, and a switch to a warming trend. During the earlier period of climate consistency, major tidewater outlet glaciers around Greenland, including Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim, were dynamically stable. Since the mid-1990s, glacier discharge has consistently been both greater and more variable, adding weight to the hypothesis that dynamic change is a rapid response to climate forcing. Both air and ocean temperatures in this region are predicted to continue to warm, and will undoubtedly drive further change in outlet glacier discharge.

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Analysis of the Dynamic Change of Vegetation Cover in the Mechanical Forest Field of Sehan Dam Based on RS

Learning & Education ◽

10.18282/l-e.v9i4.1714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Yun Shang ◽

Yanbin Qin ◽

Pinyang Hu ◽

Han Zheng ◽

Zhi Zeng

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Central China ◽

Green Water ◽

Western Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Human Beings ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

The Western Region ◽

Forest Farm

In order to study the dynamic changes of vegetation cover in saihanba mechanical forest farm in the past 30 years, this paper used the Landsat remote sensing images of the area in 1989, 2001 and 2016 provided by the geospatial data cloud platform, and extracted the vegetation coverage information of saihanba mechanical forest farm with normalized vegetation index and pixel dichotomy, and analyzed the dynamic changes of vegetation cover in the three periods. Results show that fr om 1989 to 2001, mechanical sihanba forest vegetation cover age as a whole is in a state of slow wave growth, the western region is relatively stable, relatively obvious growth in central China, the eastern region has no obvious change. From 2001 to 2016, the FVC of this region has been significantly increased, especially in the western region where the FVC has been transformed from very low to very high FVC.The comprehensive results show that the vegetation cover of saihanba mechanical forest farm has undergone earth-shaking changes through artificial afforestation, creating a green miracle from vast wasteland to green water and green mountains, and bringing great ecological and social benefits to human beings.

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Dynamic change in lymphocyte count in the early stage is a potential predictor of the severity of COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18253/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Zhang ◽

Yonghao Du ◽

Lei Shi ◽

Tianyan Chen ◽

Yingren Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Early Stage ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Potential Predictor ◽

Illness Onset ◽

Over Time ◽

Severe Patient

Abstract Background Lymphopenia is associated with COVID-19 severity. Herein we describe the dynamic changes in lymphocyte count during hospitalization and explore a possible association with the severity of COVID-19.Methods In this retrospective study, 13 non-severe COVID-19 patients diagnosed at admission were enrolled. One patient progressed to severe disease. Dynamic changes in lymphocyte count and CT score of all patients were analyzed.Results Lymphocyte count changed significantly in the non-severe patients over time (admission vs day 5, P=0.685; day 5 vs day 15, P<0.001). Lymphocyte count of the severe patient fluctuated, and even decreased within the first 12 days post-admission, before increasing gradually. Chest CT scores of nine (75%) non-severe patients on the 5th day of hospitalization were higher than at admission, but decreased gradually thereafter (admission vs day 5, P<0.001, day 5 vs day 15, P=0.004). In the severe patient, CT score continued to increase for 2 weeks after admission, before decreasing gradually.Conclusions Non-severe COVID-19 patients had significantly increased lymphocyte count and decreased CT score 1 week after illness onset. Dynamic change in lymphocyte count in the early stages of COVID-19 may be helpful to identify the patients who are more likely to develop severe or critical illness.

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