PLA/Carbon Nanotubes Multifilament Yarns for Relative Humidity Textile Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Devaux ◽  
Carole Aubry ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
Maryline Rochery
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Flexible Sensor ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Multifilament Yarns

Polylactide (PLA) was mixed with 4 wt.% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to produce electrical conductive multifilament yarns by melt spinning process for humidity detection. Thanks to a variation of electrical conductivity, this flexible sensor could detect the moisture presence. The introduction of plasticizer was necessary to ensure higher fluidity and drawability of the blend during the spinning process. The plasticizer modifies the crystallinity and the mechanical properties of the yarns. The effectiveness of this sensor (PLA/4 wt.% CNTs fibres) sensitive to humidity, is optimal when the spinning conditions are adapted. In this way, the temperature and the rate of the drawing roll were reduced. The influence of these parameters on the crystallinity, the mechanical properties and the sensitivity of the yarns were studied. Once the appropriate spinning conditions found, one humidity sensitive yarn was processed and the repeatability and efficient reversibility of its sensitivity were highlighted.

scholarly journals Effect of SWCNT-Tuball Paper on the Lightning Strike Protection of CFRPs and Their Selected Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3140
Author(s):  
Kamil Dydek ◽  
Anna Boczkowska ◽  
Rafał Kozera ◽  
Paweł Durałek ◽  
Łukasz Sarniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
The Impact

The main aim of this work was the investigation of the possibility of replacing the heavy metallic meshes applied onto the composite structure in airplanes for lightning strike protection with a thin film of Tuball single-wall carbon nanotubes in the form of ultra-light, conductive paper. The Tuball paper studied contained 75 wt% or 90 wt% of carbon nanotubes and was applied on the top of carbon fibre reinforced polymer before fabrication of flat panels. First, the electrical conductivity, impact resistance and thermo-mechanical properties of modified laminates were measured and compared with the reference values. Then, flat panels with selected Tuball paper, expanded copper foil and reference panels were fabricated for lightning strike tests. The effectiveness of lightning strike protection was evaluated by using the ultrasonic phased-array technique. It was found that the introduction of Tuball paper on the laminates surface improved both the surface and the volume electrical conductivity by 8800% and 300%, respectively. The impact resistance was tested in two directions, perpendicular and parallel to the carbon fibres, and the values increased by 9.8% and 44%, respectively. The dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis showed higher stiffness and a slight increase in glass transition temperature of the modified laminates. Ultrasonic investigation after lightning strike tests showed that the effectiveness of Tuball paper is comparable to expanded copper foil.

scholarly journals Melt-Processing and Properties of Coaxial Fibers Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Laforgue ◽  
Michel F. Champagne ◽  
Jean Dumas ◽  
Lucie Robitaille
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
One Step ◽  
Coaxial Fibers

Polypropylene-multiwalled carbon nanotube (PP-CNT) composites were spun into fibers using melt-spinning methods. The CNT content was varied by diluting the commercial masterbatch with a low viscosity PP homopolymer grade. The conductivity, as well as the mechanical properties, of the fibers were systematically tested in order to find the optimal formulation. Post-stretching was used to improve the mechanical properties of the fibers as well as to decrease the fiber diameters. Fibers having a conductivity of 0.4 S/cm, a Young's modulus of 5.4 GPa and a tensile strength of 250 MPa were obtained after a three-fold stretching. Trilayer coaxial fibers similar to data transfer coaxial cables (two conductive layers separated by an insulating layer) were then produced in a one-step melt-spinning method using a specially designed die, followed by solid state post-stretching.

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Polyethylene Fibers by Melt Spinning: Process Optimization and Mechanical Strength Characterization

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Joo Hyuk Park
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Taguchi’S Method ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Strength Characterization ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Polyethylene Fibers

Optimization process for fabrication of Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Polyethylene (PE) fibers by melt spinning has been studied. Three main melt spinning process parameters (spinning temperature, spinning distance, and spinning revolution) are evaluated by the Taguchi’s method to decrease the diameter of fibers. Decreasing diameter of fibers is greater influenced by spinning revolution and distance than spinning temperature. Moreover, fibers in diameter 22 μm (average) are successfully fabricated. Mechanical properties are measured by tensile test machine based on ASTM D3822 for single fibers which were fabricated at optimized melt spinning process parameters. Pure PE polymer fibers and chemically surface modified CNTs reinforced fibers also fabricated for comparison purpose. The interfacial bonding of CNTs with PE matrix is investigated through fracture surfaces image analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

New Features of Silver/Zinc Loaded Nanocomposite Textiles; Dyeability, Abrasion Resistance and Comfort

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900
Author(s):  
Roya Dastjerdi
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Multifilament Yarns ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Positively Charged

This paper investigates the effect of nanoparticles on some new features of silver/zinc loaded nanocomposite fabrics. These fabrics have been fabricated from continuous nanocomposite multifilament yarns produced on a pilot plant melt spinning process with the take-up speed of 2000 m.min-1. According to the results, the dyeability of nanocomposite fabrics with acidic dyes increased as compared to the pure PP. The electrostatic interaction between negatively charged group of acidic dye molecules and positively charged silver nanoparticles can improve dyeability. The results indicated close relationship between the abrasion resistance of fabrics and tensile properties of produced yarns including tenacity, modulus, and rupture work. The results also showed the increasing of the water vapor permeability at temperatures above 25 oC and decreasing permeability at temperatures below 25 oC for nanocomposite fabrics containing 0.1 wt% silver/zinc. This simplifies removing of body heat and sweat and consequently offers more comfort for garment, tent, curtain, etc. at temperatures above 25oC. On the other hand, lower vapor permeability at a low temperature protects the body from cool weather through preventing loss of the body heat and weather flow. This nanocomposite fabric can smartly adapt the permeability with human body requirements by changing the environment temperatures.

A green method to fabricate porous polypropylene fibers: development toward textile products and mechanical evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yan ◽  
Aurélie Cayla ◽  
Fabien Salaün ◽  
Eric Devaux ◽  
Pengqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Crystallization Behaviors ◽  
Spinning Process

In this study, a series of immiscible polymer blend fibers with polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was obtained by a melt spinning process, and two different draw ratios were attempted. Efforts were made to obtain the porous PP fibers by removing the water-soluble PVA phase. The thermal properties of the blends were tested by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The blends showed excellent thermal stability and differentiated fractionated crystallization behaviors of PP. The melt flow indexes of the blends were evaluated, exhibiting a higher fluidity than that of the neat polymers. Among the possible candidates for the spinning process, only the PP70–PVA30 had suitable spinnability, for which the draw ratio reached 3. The morphology of the fibers was investigated by selective extraction experiment and scanning electron microscopy, as well as wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The biphasic morphology and the crystallization behaviors varied according to the PVA content. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the multifilament fibers were studied via tensile testing and dynamical mechanical analysis. The 70/30 weight ratio (PP/PVA) was the most suitable for producing biphasic fibers with a high degree of accessibility in PVA and mechanical properties that increase with the increase in the drawing ratio. The feasibility of fabric knitting was checked, and the mechanical properties and air permeability of the obtained textile structure were also evaluated.

scholarly journals Assessing the Critical Multifunctionality Threshold for Optimal Electrical, Thermal, and Nanomechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta ◽  
Elias Koumoulos ◽  
Sotirios Stavropoulos ◽  
Theodoros Velmachos ◽  
Georgios Psarras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Epoxy Nanocomposites ◽  
Aerospace Structures ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties

Epoxy composites are widely used in primary aerospace structures, where high impact damage properties are necessary. However, challenges appear when multiple functionalities, including electrical and thermal conductivity, are needed in parallel with increased mechanical properties. The current study aims at the assessment of a critical concentration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), incorporated in epoxy resin, which will indicate a threshold for optimal electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. For the evaluation of this optimal concentration, electrical conductivity, thermal stability and nanomechanical properties (Young modulus and nanohardness) have been assessed, for epoxy nanocomposites with 0 to 15 parts per hundred resin per weight (phr) MWCNTs. Percolation theory was applied to study the electrical conductivity for different contents of MWCNTs in the epoxy nanocomposite system. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed for the assessment of the epoxy composites’ thermal properties. Nanohardness and elastic modulus were measured, and the hardness versus modulus index was calculated. Emphasis was given to the dispersion of MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix, which was assessed by both microscopy techniques and X-ray micro–computed tomography. A correlation between the optimum dispersion and MWCNTs content in terms of electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and nanomechanical properties revealed a threshold concentration at 3 phr, allowing the manufacturing of aerospace structures with multifunctional properties.

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