School-to-work transitions support: ‘cruel optimism’ for young people in ‘the state of insecurity’

In this paper, I argue that current arrangements for school-to-work transitions support in England, now school-based, are designed to contribute towards ensuring the consent of the population for what I refer to as the ‘state of insecurity’ (Lorey, 2015): the neoliberal relationship between the individual and the state in which insecurity is promoted as freedom. Based on an analysis of policy, the paper argues that the government careers strategy for young people aims to contribute to shaping the precarious subjects which inhabit the state of insecurity, by encouraging them to internalise neoliberal values around freedom and individualism which accompany governmental precarisation. Drawing also on the work of Judith Butler (2011), I suggest that throughout the careers strategy, neoliberalism functions as performative or hegemonic norm which is cited to constitute notions of ‘good’ or ‘normal’ labour market arrangements, aspirations and selves. I suggest that this strategy is an example of Berlant's (2011) ‘cruel optimism’, which constitutes a fantasy of a ‘good life’ which is in fact likely to be unattainable to many young people, especially the more disadvantaged.

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THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

EurasianUnionScientists ◽

10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.1.79.1032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

G. Bubyreva

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

The State ◽

Educational Process ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Family ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process. The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

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Behind the Popular Narrative: Negotiating Life and Political Engagement in Conflicted Kashmir

Studies in Indian Politics ◽

10.1177/23210230211043076 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232102302110430

Author(s):

Wahid Ahmad Dar

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Political Participation ◽

Armed Conflict ◽

Good Life ◽

Political Engagement ◽

The State ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Popular Narrative ◽

Political Actions

The article focuses on the subaltern system of micro appropriations or Jugaads used by young Kashmiris to survive within precarious situations inflicted due to armed conflict. More particularly, it argues that such Jugaads are invoked by the subaltern consciousness of Tehreeq-e-Azadi, which offers space for not just the negotiation with the state but also the creative improvisation of daily political actions. It is illustrated that young people’s political participation is entangled with the attempts to overcome the uncertainty around their lives, thereby offering them pragmatic solutions in advancing their interests. It is further elaborated that the existing polarization between separatism and mainstream is obscure at the experiential level, living within precarious situations has taught young people to silently craft possibilities of a good life without looking confrontational to either side. The article argues that localized forms of engagement are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of how modern states operate.

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Into the Vicious Cycle of Precarity: Labour Market, Precarious Work, Social Vulnerability and Youth: The case of Greece within the EU context

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.14738/assrj.712.9511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 474-496

Author(s):

Nikos Papadakis ◽

Maria Drakaki ◽

Sofia Saridaki ◽

Vassilis Dafermos

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

The State ◽

The European Union ◽

Development Education ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Precarious Work ◽

The Impact

Ιn the last decade, there has been a widespread expansion of both precarious work and precarious forms of employment (such as temporary and low-qualified jobs, seasonal and part-time jobs etc.), in which a growing share of young people work. The impact of precarious work on young people is likely to be permanent, while it seems to affect (even over-determine) their life courses. Non-smooth and early transitions into labour market are very likely to worsen progressively their long-term life chances (Lodovici & Semenza, 2012: 7). Undoubtedly, the long-lasting global economic Crisis and the subsequent Recession, has heavily affected the state of play in the labour market worldwide, provoking severe modifications both in the field of employment and countries’ social cohesion. Based on the above mentioned, the paper deals with precarious work in general, while it emphasizes precarious work among youth. It initially captures, briefly, the state of play in terms of the impact of the Crisis on the widening of the phenomenon of precarious work and then it focuses on theoretical insights and critical conceptual definitions concerning precariousness in the labour market. Further, based on secondary quantitative -data analysis, it analyses the key- parameters and facets of precarious work (focusing on youth) in the European Union and, mainly, in Greece. Additionally, it briefly presents parameters of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on precariousness in Greece. Finally, the paper explores the correlation between precarious work and social vulnerability, especially among young people. The present paper is based on an ongoing Research Project. More specifically, this research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020» in the context of the project “Precarious Work and Youth in today’s Greece: secondary quantitative analysis, qualitative filed research and research-based policy proposals” (MIS 5048510).

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Educational and work resources and orientations of young people in Serbia in the period of unblocked postsocialist transformation

Sociologija ◽

10.2298/soc16s1245m ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 245-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dusan Mojic

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Theoretical Approach ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Family Resources ◽

Transitional Regime ◽

Work Transitions ◽

System Resources ◽

The Individual

Educational and work resources as well as orientations have been analyzed in the paper in the wider context of education-to-work transitions of young people in Serbia during the period of unblocked postsocialist transformation. By using the theoretical approach of social biographies and results of the research on transitional regimes the intention has been to point to social and cultural context and their influence on youth resources and orientations in creation of education-to-work social biographies. Hypothesis about the existence of elements of sub-protective and postsocialist transitional regime has been confirmed, since the results showed that the scarcity of system resources and possession of family resources to a large extent shape the individual pathways of young people in education-to-work sphere.

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Recreation and work in an emerging country: a combination of regulatory and motivational influences

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202134310018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 343 ◽

pp. 10018

Author(s):

Hanna Shevchenko ◽

Borys Burkynskyi ◽

Mykola Petrushenko

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

The State ◽

Regulatory Function ◽

Homo Economicus ◽

Effective Work ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Motivational Influences ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

Vital Forces

The work can not be considered in isolation from the recreation as a process of an individual’s vital forces restoration. In emerging economies, recreational management needs an actualization at both the macro and micro levels. The purpose of the study is an analysis of the possibilities of combining the functions of regulation and motivation in the direction of increasing productivity and employment due to improved recreation. The research methodology is the Breton-Brennan-Buchanan model, within which homo economicus feels the influence from the government and adjusts the ratio of “work – leisure”. A modified view on this model is that the state is seen not only in terms of income maximization. If the collected taxes are returned to the individual, in particular in the form of qualitative recreation, then in this case the demotivation in the form of non-effective work is reduced. The paper substantiates the directions of recreational sphere activation in Ukraine, namely in relation to: increasing the motivational role of the state, along with its exclusively regulatory function; participation of enterprises in the processes of discussion and implementation of measures relevant to improving the quality of the recreational environment and infrastructure within the framework of public space renovation.

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Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

Al-Milal: Journal of Religion and Thought ◽

10.46600/almilal.v2i1.68 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 121-141

Author(s):

Osama Sami AL-Nsour

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

The Past ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

State And Society ◽

The Government ◽

The One ◽

The Individual ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

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PROFESSIONAL TEST AS PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF TEENAGERS

“Educational bulletin “Consciousness” ◽

10.26787/v ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Zotov V.V.

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Vocational Guidance ◽

Self Determination ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Raising Children ◽

Professional Self ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

Additional Education

The article discusses the concept of a professional test, its essence and features of organizing profes-sional tests as an effective way of professional self-determination of young people in public organiza-tions club type at the place of residence. The author investigated the issues vocational guidance work among adolescents through professional trials, the types, forms and results of passing professional tests are considered. Today, the Government of the Russian Federation is developing and implementing measures to create a favorable environment for the stable formation of the sphere additional education of children, because it is this sector of educational activities contributes to the professional definition of adolescents and represented by various organizations, including not the last place assigned to public organizations of the club type at the place of residence. Demand for the participation of children's clubs in the additional education of children caused by the recently complicating situation with the socio-cultural raising children and young people in the amid of growing concern of parents and teachers by creating a safe environment for the pastime of adolescents. A modern public organization of a club type at the place of residence acts a voluntary community of children and adolescents who are united by a common activity according to interests, and contributes to their professional self-determination and self-realization. The purpose of this work is to identify the features activities of organizations in the field of additional education for children in the process self-determination in adolescence and considering an effective way professional self-determination of young people with the help of professional tests. Research of issues of vocational guidance work of organizations in the sphere additional education of children and their role in professional self-determination adolescents was carried out on the basis of works by Russian authors, researching work in the field of additional education for children and sociological aspects of the professional self-determination role of the individual for the choice of the future profession [1-3]. The study made it possible to formulate conclusions about the demand for organizations in the field of additional education for children in the process of professional self-determination and organization of professional tests.

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The Politics of Paternalism

Government Paternalism ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691164373.003.0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Julian Le Grand ◽

Bill New

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

The State ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right ◽

Better Than

This chapter examines the politics of paternalism. It first considers the question of whether the government can do better than the individual, outlining a set of justifications for government paternalism and showing how the state can intervene to improve the well-being of its citizens. It then discusses possible ways in which the government could be held to account to ensure that, in its paternalistic interventions aimed at improving its citizens' well-being, it does actually pursue the “right” agenda. It argues that the government can indeed raise the well-being of individuals who suffer from reasoning failure, even when allowance is made for possible reasoning failure among those individuals who constitute the government. However, democratic mechanisms must be put in place to ensure that the latter do not pursue their own agenda and turn the paternalistic state into an instrument of authoritarianism.

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Policies to Enhance Transition to Work

Young Adult Development at the School-to-Work Transition ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190941512.003.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 172-202

Author(s):

Lorraine Godden ◽

Christopher DeLuca

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Secondary School ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Meaningful Work ◽

School To Work ◽

Temporary Contract ◽

Policy Context ◽

Canadian Youth ◽

School Based ◽

Part Time

This chapter highlights the continued struggles faced by Canadian youth in their transition from school to work. In July 2016 the unemployment rate for youth (aged 15–24) in Canada stood at 13.3% compared to the general unemployment rate of 6.9%. Many young people under the age of 30 who are employed are working in increasingly precarious conditions (e.g., temporary, contract, part-time, or low paid) or nonpermanent jobs. In this chapter, the authors focus particularly upon recent secondary school-based policy developments in Canada aimed at enhancing the transition from school to work for youth. They specifically focus our analysis on the country’s most populous province, Ontario, and demonstrate how the policy context in Ontario has prompted several initiatives and programs to support youth in transition from school to meaningful work.

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Zur Reformdiskussion der Arbeitsmarktinstrumente für Jugendliche – Modifikation der Assistierten Ausbildung

Sozialer Fortschritt ◽

10.3790/sfo.69.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 2-20

Author(s):

Ralph Conrads ◽

Thomas Freiling

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Scientific Study ◽

General State ◽

Individual Approach ◽

Employment Agency ◽

Recommendations For Action ◽

Social Code ◽

The Individual ◽

The University

Zusammenfassung Die Assistierte Ausbildung (AsA) gem. § 130 SGB III wurde im Mai 2015 bis maximal 2021 befristet eingeführt. Im Kontext der Neuordnung der Jugendlicheninstrumente der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) steht darüber hinaus die Weiterführung bzw. Entfristung der AsA auf dem Prüfstand. In einer wissenschaftlichen Begleitstudie der Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (HdBA) wurde untersucht, inwieweit Anpassungen im Zuge der Neuordnung erforderlich sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der individuelle Ansatz der AsA bewährt hat, aber Modifikationen zur besseren Zielerreichung notwendig sind. Unter Berücksichtigung der Erfahrungen zahlreicher Akteure werden maßnahmenbezogene Handlungsempfehlungen dargestellt und mit dem allgemeinen Diskussionsstand zusammengeführt. Abstract: On the Reform Discussion of Labour Market Instruments for Young People – Modification of Assisted Training Assisted training (Assistierte Ausbildung, AsA) according to § 130 Social Code III was introduced in May 2015 until 2021 at the latest. In the context of the reorganisation of the youth instruments of the Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit, BA), the continuation or removal of the deadline for the AsA is also being put to the test. An accompanying scientific study by the University of Applied Labour Studies (Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, HdBA) examined the extent to which adjustments were necessary in the course of the reorganization. The results show that the individual approach of the AsA has proven its worth, but that modifications are necessary to achieve better results. Taking into account the experiences of numerous actors, action-related recommendations for action are presented and brought together with the general state of discussion.

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