scholarly journals Game equilibria and unification dynamics in networks with heterogeneous agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184797901773167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Matveenko ◽  
Alexei Korolev ◽  
Maria Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Agents ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Star Network ◽  
Complete Networks ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Adjustment Dynamics

We study game equilibria in a model of production and externalities in network with two types of agents who possess different productivities. Each agent may invest a part of her endowment (it may be, for instance, time or money) in the first of two time periods; consumption in the second period depends on her own investment and productivity as well as on the investments of her neighbors in the network. Three ways of agent’s behavior are possible: passive (no investment), active (a part of endowment is invested), and hyperactive (the whole endowment is invested). For star network with different productivities of agents in the center and in the periphery, we obtain conditions for existence of inner equilibrium (with all active agents) and study comparative statics. We introduce adjustment dynamics and study consequences of junction of two complete networks with different productivities of agents. In particular, we study how the behavior of nonadopters (passive agents) changes when they connect to adopters (active or hyperactive) agents.

Intraspecific variation in the egg-wrapping behaviour of female smooth newts, Lissotriton vulgaris

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Tóth ◽  
Herbert Hoi ◽  
Attila Hettyey
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Day By Day

AbstractIn many species of the Salamandridae family, females provide parental care by carefully wrapping plant material around their eggs. As this behaviour has been shown to have a large effect on offspring survival, variation in this trait is expected to be low. Detailed investigations are, however, lacking. In the present study, we analyzed the consistency of egg-wrapping behaviour in two time periods within a breeding season in female smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris). We found a surprisingly low proportion of wrapped eggs of around 47% during the first period (when males were present) and an almost doubled ratio of around 92% in the second period (when males were absent). Also, the variation between individuals was significantly lower in the second period than in the first one. Furthermore, the bigger the females were, the more the proportion of wrapped eggs increased day by day within the first period; however, this relationship did not fully explain the observed difference between the two periods. Our results suggest that parental care in smooth newts can be influenced by the presence of mating partners and body size, and provide the first empirical evidence for within-individual variation in egg-wrapping in a salamandrid species.

scholarly journals EMBEDDEDNESS AND DISEMBEDDEDNESS IN ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY IN THREE TIME PERIODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Cristiano Monteiro ◽  
Raphael Lima
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Economic Sociology ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period

Abstract The article sets out to demonstrate the continuing relevance of the concept of embeddedness in economic sociology, juxtaposing it with the question of disembeddedness through an analysis of three time periods. In the first period, the interpretation of the concept introduced by Karl Polanyi was marked by the notion of “social construction of the economy.” In the second period, the debate focused on criticizing the liberalizing agenda of the Washington Consensus, suggesting that its negative effects on economic development and social solidarity would force the state to retake control of the economy, re-embedding it. The third period acknowledges the specificity of the market economy through an analysis of neoliberalism as a political-institutional arrangement and a moral-normative system that produces “embeddedness on disembeddedness.” The article also discusses the re-establishment of social solidarity in an increasingly disembedded economy.

Policymakers’ Responses to Firms in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Protection ◽  
National Market ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period

This chapter examines the effect of trade openness, firm mobility, and productivity on support for immigration in the United States by analyzing immigration votes in the Senate. It considers two time periods when senators did not have control over the most important policies that affected trade and firm mobility. In the first period, 1865–1945, the chapter explores how the creation of a national market affected voting on immigration. In the second period, 1945–2008, the competitive pressures on firms and their ability to move production overseas fluctuated with changes in other countries' willingness to allow foreign direct investment, technological innovation, and US trade protection, which was moved out of the hands of senators with the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA). The chapter shows that increased “Americanization” and globalization of the economy led senators increasingly to vote for immigration restrictions.

scholarly journals Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) reduces surgery rate in the management of iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (05) ◽  
pp. E389-E394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherine Khater ◽  
Gabriel Rahmi ◽  
Guillaume Perrod ◽  
Elia Samaha ◽  
Hedi Benosman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over The Scope Clip ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period

Abstract Background and study aims Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) has been recently used in management of gastrointestinal perforations, but data on it are still limited. The aim of this study was to compare management of iatrogenic perforations before and after the OTSC was available in our endoscopy unit. Patients and methods We conducted a monocentric retrospective study from June 2007 to June 2015. All iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations detected during endoscopy were included. Two time periods were compared in terms of surgery and mortality rates: before use of OTSC (June 2007 to June 2011) and after OTSC became available (June 2011 to June 2015). Results During the first period, 24 perforations were recorded. Fifteen (62.5 %) were managed with surgery. The mortality rate was 8 %. During the second period, 16 perforations occurred. In 11 patients (68.7 %), an OTSC was used to close the perforation, with complete sealing of the perforation in 100 % of cases. However, 2 patients with sigmoid perforation had to undergo surgery due to right ureteral obstruction by the clip in 1 case and to presence of a localized peritonitis in the other. The surgery rate during this period was 12.5 % (2 /16), with a statistically significant difference compared to the first period (P = 0.002). There was no mortality in the second period versus 8 % in the first one (P = 0.23). Conclusions OTSC is effective for endoluminal closure of iatrogenic perforations and results in a significant decrease in surgery rate.

Pulp Wash System Development

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. McKinnis ◽  
Richard A. Andrews ◽  
Herman L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
System Development ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Citrus Juice ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Juice Concentrate ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Second Period

The use of pulp wash as an aid in the production of citrus juice has gained acceptance since 1957. Earlier use is known, but real recognition seemed to await a certain period in the development of frozen orange juice concentrate, and a freeze. The history of this product could be divided into three time periods each approximately equal. The first period of time was certainly formative in which the product enjoyed all of the advantages of novelty. The second period of time was characterized by increasing competition and need for lowering costs. This required that the plants measure the fruit in terms of pounds of soluble solids and that they recover as product all that could be had without an unquestionable damage to quality. The demand for more recovery of the soluble solids exceeded the capability of any mechanical finishing equipment to distinguish between the juice left on a quite dry pulp and the pulp, which still had good juice on it. This brought about fresh thinking and new processing ideas, including one of gently rinsing the juice from a wet pulp. This became known as “Pulp Wash” and was developed during the third period of time. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals On the origin of the mesospheric quasi-stationary planetary waves in the unusual Arctic winter 2015/16

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Matthias ◽  
Manfred Ern
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Wave ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Variable Gravity ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Stationary Planetary Wave ◽  
Second Period

Abstract. The mid winter 2015/16 was characterized by an unusually strong polar night jet (PNJ) and by extraordinarily large stationary planetary wave (SPW) amplitudes in the subtropical mesosphere. The aim of this study is to find the origin of these mesospheric SPWs in mid winter 2015/16. The time period studied here is split into two time periods. The first period runs from late December 2015 until early January 2016 and the second period from early January until mid January 2016. While the SPW 1 dominates in the subtropical mesosphere in Period I, it is the SPW 2 that dominates in Period II. There are three possibilities how SPWs can occur in the mesosphere: 1) they propagate upward from the stratosphere, 2) they are in situ generated by longitudinally variable gravity wave (GW) drag, or 3) they are in situ generated by barotropic and/or baroclinic instabilities. Using global satellite observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) the origin of the mesospheric SPWs is investigated for both time periods. We found that due to the strong PNJ the SPWs were not able to propagate upward into the mesosphere northward of 50°N but were deflected upward and equatorward into the subtropical mesosphere. We show that the SPWs observed in the subtropical mesosphere are the same SPWs as in the mid-latitudinal stratosphere. At the same time we found evidence that the mesospheric SPWs in polar latitudes were in situ generated by longitudinally variable GW drag and that there is a mixture of in situ generation by longitudinally variable GW drag and by instabilities in mid latitudes. Our results based on observations show that every three mechanisms, upward propagating SPW and in situ generated SPWs by longitudinally variable GW drag and instabilities can act at the same time which confirms earlier model studies. Additionally, a possible contribution or impact of the unusually strong SPWs in the subtropical mesosphere to the disruption of the QBO in the same winter is discussed.

scholarly journals On the Secondary Eyewall Formation of Hurricane Edouard (2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 3321-3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio F. Abarca ◽  
Michael T. Montgomery ◽  
Scott A. Braun ◽  
Jason Dunion
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Wind Maximum ◽  
Gradient Wind ◽  
Secondary Eyewall Formation ◽  
Equivalent Potential ◽  
Unstable Environment ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period

A first observationally based estimation of departures from gradient wind balance during secondary eyewall formation is presented. The study is based on the Atlantic Hurricane Edouard (2014). This storm was observed during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) experiment, a field campaign conducted in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). A total of 135 dropsondes are analyzed in two separate time periods: one named the secondary eyewall formation period and the other one referred to as the decaying double eyewalled storm period. During the secondary eyewall formation period, a time when the storm was observed to have only one eyewall, the diagnosed agradient force has a secondary maximum that coincides with the radial location of the secondary eyewall observed in the second period of study. The maximum spinup tendency of the radial influx of absolute vertical vorticity is within the boundary layer in the region of the eyewall of the storm and the spinup tendency structure elongates radially outward into the secondary region of supergradient wind, where the secondary wind maximum is observed in the second period of study. An analysis of the boundary layer averaged vertical structure of equivalent potential temperature reveals a conditionally unstable environment in the secondary eyewall formation region. These findings support the hypothesis that deep convective activity in this region contributed to spinup of the boundary layer tangential winds and the formation of a secondary eyewall that is observed during the decaying double eyewalled storm period.

scholarly journals The changing pattern of fever of unknown origin in the Republic of North Macedonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Mile Bosilkovski ◽  
Marija Dimzova ◽  
Marija Cvetkova ◽  
Kostadin Poposki ◽  
Katerina Spasovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Course Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second Period

Abstract Introduction. The study aimed to compare the etiologic spectrum of diseases causing fever of unknown origin (FUO) and methods for definitive diagnosis in a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of North Macedonia during two different time periods. Patients and methods. There were analysed retrospectively the causes for FUO and final diagnostic approaches in 185 patients with classic FUO that were treated at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Skopje during two time periods. Seventy nine patients were treated during 1991 to 1995 and 106 patients during 2011 to 2015. Results. When comparing these two periods, infections were present in 46.8% and 29.2% (p = 0.014), non-infective inflammatory disorders in 22.8% and 25.5% (p = 0.674), neoplasms in 10.1% and 13.2% (p = 0.522), miscellaneous in 8.9% and 12.3% (p = 0.461) and undiagnosed cases in 11.4% and 19.8% (p = 0.124), respectively. The most common causes for FUO during the first period were abscesses (8.9%), tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (7.6% each), whereas in the second period the commonest causes were adult onset Still disease and solid organ neoplasm (7.6% each), polymyalgia rheumatica, abscesses and visceral leishmaniasis (5.7% each). The newer imaging techniques and clinical course evaluation had superior diagnostic significance during the second period. Conclusion. A changing pattern of diseases causing FUO during the examined periods was evident. Infections continue to be the most common cause but with decreasing incidence when compared to 20 years ago. Even nowadays clinical evaluation and follow-up still remain the vital diagnostic tools in determining the etiology of FUO.

scholarly journals External validation of the QCovid risk prediction algorithm for risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality in adults: national validation cohort study in Scotland

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-217580
Author(s):  
Colin R Simpson ◽  
Chris Robertson ◽  
Steven Kerr ◽  
Ting Shi ◽  
Eleftheria Vasileiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Second Period

BackgroundThe QCovid algorithm is a risk prediction tool that can be used to stratify individuals by risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality. Version 1 of the algorithm was trained using data covering 10.5 million patients in England in the period 24 January 2020 to 30 April 2020. We carried out an external validation of version 1 of the QCovid algorithm in Scotland.MethodsWe established a national COVID-19 data platform using individual level data for the population of Scotland (5.4 million residents). Primary care data were linked to reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) virology testing, hospitalisation and mortality data. We assessed the performance of the QCovid algorithm in predicting COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in our dataset for two time periods matching the original study: 1 March 2020 to 30 April 2020, and 1 May 2020 to 30 June 2020.ResultsOur dataset comprised 5 384 819 individuals, representing 99% of the estimated population (5 463 300) resident in Scotland in 2020. The algorithm showed good calibration in the first period, but systematic overestimation of risk in the second period, prior to temporal recalibration. Harrell’s C for deaths in females and males in the first period was 0.95 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.95) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.93), respectively. Harrell’s C for hospitalisations in females and males in the first period was 0.81 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.82) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.82), respectively.ConclusionsVersion 1 of the QCovid algorithm showed high levels of discrimination in predicting the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in adults resident in Scotland for the original two time periods studied, but is likely to need ongoing recalibration prospectively.

scholarly journals Frequency of electrophoretic changes consistent with feline infectious peritonitis in two different time periods (2004–2009 vs 2013–2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Stranieri ◽  
Alessia Giordano ◽  
Stefano Bo ◽  
Chiara Braghiroli ◽  
Saverio Paltrinieri
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Capillary Zone ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the frequency of electrophoretic changes in serum of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) changed in recent years vs past years. Methods Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) from cats with FIP and healthy cats recorded in the periods 2004–2009 and 2013–2014 were retrospectively analysed. Relative and absolute values of each electrophoretic fraction were recorded and the number of cats showing single or combined electrophoretic changes consistent with FIP (hypoalbuminaemia, inverted albumin to globulin [A:G] ratio, increased total protein, total globulin, alpha [α]2-globulin and gamma [γ]-globulin concentration) were counted. Additionally, a visual analysis of electrophoretograms was also performed. Results for the two time periods were statistically compared. Results The details of 91 AGE procedures (41 from cats with FIP and 50 from healthy cats) and 45 CZE procedures (26 from cats with FIP and 19 from healthy cats) were obtained from the database. No significant differences between the two time periods were found both in FIP and in healthy cats analysed with CZE and in healthy cats analysed with AGE. Compared with 2004–2009, cats with FIP sampled in 2013–2014 with AGE showed a significantly lower concentration of total protein, γ-globulins and total globulins, and a significantly higher A:G ratio and percentage of albumin and α2-globulins. Using both AGE and CZE, in recent years the proportion of cats with high α2-globulins without gammopathy and the proportion of cats with gammopathy alone decreased. With a visual approach, the number of patterns considered as dubious increased in the second period with AGE (non-statistically significant). Conclusions and relevance The frequency of electrophoretic abnormalities in cats with FIP decreased in recent years, independently of the technique employed. Although the mechanism responsible for this change was not investigated in this study, this altered frequency may decrease the diagnostic accuracy of serum protein electrophoresis for FIP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document