scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment in autoimmune liver diseases: underlying roles, advantages and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232199344
Author(s):  
Chengmei He ◽  
Yanlei Yang ◽  
Kunyu Zheng ◽  
Yiran Chen ◽  
Suying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
First Line ◽  
Positive Effects

Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a series of chronic liver diseases with abnormal immune responses, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The treatment options for AILD remain limited, and the adverse side effects of the drugs that are typically used for treatment frequently lead to a low quality of life for AILD patients. Moreover, AILD patients may have a poor prognosis, especially those with an incomplete response to first-line treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with low immunogenicity and can be conveniently harvested. MSC-based therapy is emerging as a promising approach for treating liver diseases based on their advantageous characteristics of immunomodulation, anti-fibrosis effects, and differentiation to hepatocytes, and accumulating evidence has revealed the positive effects of MSC therapy in AILD. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of MSC treatment for AILD based on work in animal and clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges of MSC therapy in clinical applications. In summary, although promising data from preclinical studies are now available, MSC therapy is currently far for being applied in clinical practice, thus developing MSC therapy in AILD is still challenging and warrants further research.

scholarly journals Nasobiliary Drain Diverted through a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube: A Novel Approach to Nasobiliary Drainage

2021 ◽  
pp. 891-897
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Dimitrios Pantzaris ◽  
Tim Lord ◽  
Robyn Sotheran ◽  
John Hutchinson ◽  
Charles Millson
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Nasobiliary Drainage ◽  
Uvb Phototherapy

Intractable pruritus is a common, debilitating symptom and a well-defined entity occurring in chronic cholestatic disorders. Treatment options include cholestyramine, rifampicin, naltrexone, gabapentin, and sertraline, as well as more interventional measures, such as plasmapheresis, extracorporeal albumin dialysis, nasobiliary drains (NBDs), and UVB phototherapy in patients who fail to respond to medical therapy. Despite the limited data, NBD seems to be a highly effective treatment in the relief of refractory cholestatic pruritus. In this article, we present the case of a 73-year-old woman with primary biliary cholangitis and intractable pruritus, refractory to medical treatment. The patient had a complete resolution of her symptoms following an NBD placement, in which, with a novel approach, the nasal end was redirected and exited through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy port, significantly improving her quality of life.

scholarly journals Grip Strength: A Useful Marker for Composite Hepatic Events in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Yoh ◽  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
Hirayuki Enomoto ◽  
Yoshinori Iwata ◽  
Naoto Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Here we sought to clarify the prognostic impact of sarcopenia-related markers (grip strength (GS), muscle mass using bioimpedance analysis and patient quality of life as assessed by the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF36)) in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs, n = 411; 160 liver cirrhosis patients; median age, 64 years) on the incidence of composite hepatic events (CHEs). A GS decrease was defined as <26 kg in men and <18 kg in women, while a skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) decrease was defined as <7.0 kg/m2 in men and <5.7 kg/m2 in women based on the current guidelines. The physical and metal component summary scores on the SF36 were also included into the analysis. Sixty-two patients (15.1%) had the first incidence of CHEs. The three-year cumulative incidence rates of CHEs in patients with GS decrease or non-decrease were 24.51% and 12.44% (p = 0.0057). The three-year cumulative incidence rates of CHEs in patients with an SMI decrease or non-decrease were 19.65% and 12.99% (p = 0.0982). Multivariate analysis revealed that GS decrease (p = 0.0350) and prothrombin time (p = 0.0293) were significantly associated with the incidence of CHEs. In conclusion, GS can be an independent predictor for CHE development in patients with CLDs.

scholarly journals A Src inhibitor regulates the cell cycle of human pluripotent stem cells and improves directed differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundari Chetty ◽  
Elise N. Engquist ◽  
Elie Mehanna ◽  
Kathy O. Lui ◽  
Alexander M. Tsankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Directed Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Src Inhibitor ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Driving human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into specific lineages is an inefficient and challenging process. We show that a potent Src inhibitor, PP1, regulates expression of genes involved in the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle, activates proteins in the retinoblastoma family, and subsequently increases the differentiation propensities of hPSCs into all three germ layers. We further demonstrate that genetic suppression of Src regulates the activity of the retinoblastoma protein and enhances the differentiation potential of hPSCs across all germ layers. These positive effects extend beyond the initial germ layer specification and enable efficient differentiation at subsequent stages of differentiation.

scholarly journals First-line Helicobacter pylori eradication among patients with chronic liver diseases in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-En Tsai ◽  
Chih-Ming Liang ◽  
Chen-Hsiang Lee ◽  
Yuan-Hung Kuo ◽  
Keng-Liang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
First Line ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication

Culture under low physiological oxygen conditions improves the stemness and quality of induced pluripotent stem cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 228 (11) ◽  
pp. 2159-2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Wan Guo ◽  
Miho Kawakatsu ◽  
Marie Idemitsu ◽  
Yoshishige Urata ◽  
Shinji Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Physical approach for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Rebucci Lirani-Galvão ◽  
Marise Lazaretti-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Coordination Training

Osteoporosis and its consequent fractures are a major problem in public health. To complement the conventional pharmacological treatment for this metabolic disease, non-pharmacological treatment options have been developed in the last decades. Several studies demonstrate that physical exercise programs including impact exercises, specific strength training, balance and coordination training may maintain or increase spine and hip bone mineral density as well as decrease the frequency of falls among osteoporotic and osteopenic patients. Furthermore, some physical agents such as vibratory platforms, low intensity electrical stimulation, laser therapy and ultrasound show positive effects on osteoporotic tissue as well. Consequently, while planning treatment for an osteoporotic patient, non-pharmacological management options should be considered and integrated to the conventional treatment in order to maximize its effects and improve the quality of life of these patients.

scholarly journals MHC-Matched Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Can Attenuate Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses but Are Still Susceptible to Innate Immunity in Pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e98319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Mizukami ◽  
Tomoyuki Abe ◽  
Hiroaki Shibata ◽  
Yukitoshi Makimura ◽  
Shuh-hei Fujishiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Predictors of Quality of Life after Liver Transplant

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joey Wu ◽  
Archita Desai, MD
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Background and Hypothesis: The impact of chronic liver diseases on patients and their family member is often understated and understudied. Chronic liver diseases can sometimes progress to a need for Liver transplant (LT). While recent studies have described quality of life (QOL) at different stages of liver disease, the impact of the patient’s QOL in LT survivors has not been examined. The importance of studying QOL in patients is due to its effect on the survivorship of LT recipients. We hypothesize that QOL in LT patients is lower than the general population. Our aim was to describe predictors of QOL in a well-described cohort of LT patients. Methods: Patients were enrolled at the Digestive and Liver Disease Liver clinic at Indiana University Hospital. All patients over the age of 18 were approached, if patients consented to the study, they were then enrolled during their liver follow up visit. The PROMIS survey was administered on an iPad and completed during the clinic visit. Survey were then scored and analyzed. Results: The T-scores for post liver transplant patients are lower in physical function, anxiety and depression, but higher in general life satisfaction compared to the general population. LT recipients have similar T-scores in Fatigue, Sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social activities, and pain interference compared to the general population. Conclusion and Potential Impact: Previous diagnosis of PBC, HCC, diagnosis of depression, household income, insurance status, Charlson Comorbid Index and number of non-transplant related medications have the highest association with quality of life. Further enrollment is needed to increase the power of the study. However, this can inform physicians the importance to taking these factors in to consideration in order to improve the QOL in LT recipients.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and their Derived Myogenic Progenitors Are Mediated by Different Mechanisms in Humanized Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma Benabdallah ◽  
Cynthia Désaulniers-Langevin ◽  
Marie-Lyn Goyer ◽  
Chloé Colas ◽  
Chantale Maltais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Humanized Mouse ◽  
Humanized Mouse Models ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

ABSTRACTIt is still unclear if immune responses will compromise the large scale utilization of cell therapies derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). To answer this question, we used humanized mouse models and evaluated the engraftment in skeletal muscle of myoblasts derived either directly from a muscle biopsy or differentiated from hiPSCs or fibroblasts. Our results showed that while allogeneic grafts were rejected, engraftment of autologous cells was tolerated, indicating reprogramming and differentiation procedures are not immunogenic. We also demonstrated that hiPSC-derived myogenic progenitors, in opposition to hiPSCs, are not targeted by natural killer (NK) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Yet, adoptive transfer of NK cells can prevent the formation of hiPSC-derived teratoma. Overall, our findings suggest that hiPSC-derived muscular therapies will be tolerated in presence of a competent human immune system and highlight the risk of forming a teratoma if using partially differentiated autologous human cells.HighlightshiPSC-derived myofibers are tolerated in autologous humanized mouse modelsInfiltration of autologous T cells is not predictive of successful skeletal muscle engraftmentAdoptive transfer of NK cells prevents the formation of hiPSCs derived teratomasNK cells are unable to reject established teratomas

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