Union formation and childbearing among Chinese youth: Trends and socioeconomic differentials

2021 ◽  
pp. 2057150X2110409
Author(s):  
Jia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Socioeconomic Differentials

Driven by economic development, ideational changes and family planning policies, the Chinese family has experienced significant change over the past several decades. Based on data from the 2018 wave of the China Family Panel Studies, this study analyzes China’s younger generations’ union formation and childbearing behaviors. The results show that although the average age of entry into a first marriage continues to rise, young people generally express a desire to enter into marriage and value the creation of a family. As premarital cohabitation became more prevalent, its determinants change from the “second demographic transition” model to the “pattern of disadvantage” model. The differences between cohabitors and non-cohabitors in premarital conception, premarital childbirth and divorce diminished in the recent cohorts. The findings suggest that the age of childbearing for Chinese women remains relatively early. The implementation of the “universal two-child policy” in 2015 has also encouraged younger women’s childbearing. Among those born in the 1980s, almost half have already given birth to a second child. The ideal number of children has declined across birth cohorts in China, especially for individuals with a higher educational level and urban hukou. In summary, changes in union formation and childbearing among Chinese youth imply that China will be facing a further rise in the first marriage age and a further decline in the fertility rate. However, voluntary singlehood will remain rare, and Chinese youth still value the importance of marriage and childbearing.

Gender Division of Household Labor in China: Cohort Analysis in Life Course Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 3153-3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Sha Luo ◽  
Ernest Wing Tak Chui
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Convergence Theory ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Housework Time

Using hierarchical age–period–cohort growth curve models, this study assesses changes in gender disparities in housework time across Chinese adults’ life course and across different birth cohorts. The results revealed three key findings. First, inconsistent with convergence theory, the Chinese family is still a male-dominated but male-absent family, with women still doing the majority of domestic work and showing no signs of decline with age. Second, as they age, Chinese women and men present diverging tendencies toward time spent on housework: Women tend to dedicate more time to it, and men less, resulting in a widening gender gap in housework with age. Third, although recent cohorts present lower levels of housework time than previous cohorts, this is because men from recent cohorts are doing less housework, while their female counterparts are doing almost as much as women from earlier cohorts.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

scholarly journals Does Emancipation Matter? Fertility of Chinese International Migrants to the United States and Nonmigrants during China’s One-child Policy Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832199478
Author(s):  
Wanli Nie ◽  
Pau Baizan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of international migration to the United States on the level and timing of Chinese migrants’ fertility. We compare Chinese women who did not leave the country (non-migrants) and were subject to restrictive family policies from 1974 to 2015 to those who moved to the United States (migrants) and were, thus, “emancipated” from these policies. We theoretically develop and empirically test the emancipation hypothesis that migrants should have a higher fertility than non-migrants, as well as an earlier timing of childbearing. This emancipation effect is hypothesized to decline across birth cohorts. We use data from the 2000 US census, the 2005 American Community Survey, the 2000 Chinese census, and the 2005 Chinese 1 percent Population Survey and discrete-time event history models to analyze first, second, and third births, and migration as joint processes, to account for selection effects. The results show that Chinese migrants to the United States had substantially higher childbearing probabilities after migration, compared with non-migrants in China, especially for second and third births. Moreover, our analyses indicate that the migration process is selective of migrants with lower fertility. Overall, the results show how international migration from China to the United States can lead to an increase in migrant women’s fertility, accounting for disruption, adaptation, and selection effects. The rapidly increased fertility after migration from China to the United States might have implications on other migration contexts where fertility in the origin country is dropping rapidly while that in the destination country is relatively stable.

Fertility intentions among the working population of Dalian City born between 1980 and 1989

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hongyan Qiu ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Qingshan Wang ◽  
Lihong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dalian City ◽  
Ideal Number

Abstract In October 2015, the Chinese Government announced that the one-child policy had finally been replaced by a universal two-child policy. China’s universal two-child policy is highly significant because, for the first time in 36 years, no one in an urban city is restricted to having just one child. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore future fertility intentions and factors influencing individual reproductive behaviour (whether to have two children) in Dalian City. A total of 1370 respondents were interviewed. The respondents’ mean ideal number of children was only 1.73, and urban respondents’ sex preference was symmetrical. A total of 19.0% of the respondents were unmarried, 64.5% were married and had childbearing experience and only 6.3% of married respondents had two children. Among the 1370 participants, 30.4% stated that they would have a second child, while 69.6% refused to have a second child in the future. Binary logistic regression analysis (Model 1) showed that the following characteristics were associated with having only one child in the future: being female, being older, having a lower education level, being born in Dalian, having a lower family income and reporting one child as the ideal number of children. Model 2 (comprising only respondents with childbearing experience) showed that respondents who were female, had a lower family income and were unable to obtain additional financial support from parents were more likely to intend to stick at one child. In addition, respondents’ ideal number of children and childbearing experiences had a significant influence on future fertility intentions. These results suggest that fertility intentions and reproductive behaviours are still below those needed for replacement level fertility in Dalian City. China’s policymakers should pay more attention to these factors (socioeconomic characteristics, economic factors, desired number of children and childbearing experiences) and try to increase individual reproductive behaviour.

scholarly journals Estimation of Cohort Fertility Using Parity Progression Ratio

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Dhanendra Veer Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Parity Progression Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Using Data

This study attempts to analyze the levels and patterns of cohort fertility in Nepal in 2016 using data on parity progression ratios (PPRs). Simple PPRs, rather than synthetic PPRs or birth history of women, are used in this study from distribution of women by age and children ever born. Data on PPRs are used from 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey to estimate cohort fertility of currently married and all women separately. Fertility is analyzed for different birth cohorts of women, specifically for birth cohorts of age groups 45-49, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years, beside overall span of reproductive ages (15-49) for different purposes. The PPRs data are employed in this study in three different ways such as PPRs itself, proportion of women with at least ‘N’ number of children ever born (CEB), and cohort fertility rates. All three measures are implied to estimate cohort fertility of both currently married and all women separately. Fertility patterns are almost similar in all the three methods and other the measures show that the level of cohort fertility is still a little higher in Nepal, although it is declining gradually over time. The completed cohort fertility is estimated at around 4 in Nepal in 2016. The contribution of this article will be to check fertility level by applying this simple, but less common, method in estimating cohort fertility.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI IBU DALAM PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI DESA PUCANGANOM KECAMATAN GIRIWOYO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Aminingsih ◽  
Lucia Desi Puti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mother’S Age

Background Breastfeeding will ensure babies stay healthy and start life in the most healthy. Breastfeeding is actually not only allows the baby to grow up to be healthy physically, but also more intelligent, stable had a emotional, spiritual development, and positivesocial development. Riskesdas 2010 coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still far from the world average and still very far from the target of Healthy Indonesia 2010. In rural districts Pucanganom Giriwoyo of the initial interview 3 of 5 mothers to breastfeed exclusively, while 2 others are not breastfed exclusively with reasons having to work, lack of time and because of no discharge of breast milk.The purpose to find out the factors that affect the mother in exclusive breast feeding in the village of Pucanganom sub-district of Giriwoyo Regency Wonogiri.Method of this research is descriptive research. While the plan is cross sectional used to find out the factors that affect the mother in exclusive breast feeding. Then there searchers took data from respondents regarding the factors that affect breast feeding.The Result Factors that affect the exclusive breast feeding is the age of the mother, the mother's education, number of children,  mother's work and family income. The most exclusive breast feeding on mother's  age 26-45 years (83,33%), maternal education high school-undergraduate (70%), given on the first and second child(73,34%), employment of the mother as a homemaker (73,34%), and family income 1-3 million (76.67%).Conclusion the mother who does not work it's possible giving exclusive breast milk due to the considerable amount of time which can be used by the mother to nurture her baby even 24 hours time the mother could be given to her baby, therefore breast feeding can be done during the first 6 months of the birth ofthe baby.Keywords: Exclusive breast feeding

scholarly journals Policy Direction on Driving Population for Reducing Poverty in the West Sumatra Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Tegus Widodo ◽  
Iswandi Umar ◽  
Ramadhani . ◽  
Suhatman .
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Policy Direction

Reducing poverty is always to become the target of every country and regional leader in each campaign. The efforts are made in many ways, but the programs in the form of providing basic needs assistance, productive economic efforts, and so on. Unfortunately, interventions are to address visible symptoms but not to solve the root of the problems or causes. That is because the cause of poverty is not so excavated so that until now the percentage of the poor always fluctuates. This research tries to see in terms of the number of children (TFR) that may have contributed to the percentage of poor people in West Sumatra. The research method uses linear regression analysis using secondary data from Susenas 2019. To determine policy direction using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. The ISM analysis involved 15 relevant stakeholders from interested institutions. The results showed that TFR contributed 34.4 percent to poverty in the research area. As a direction of population control policy to reduce poverty, that is the expansion of access to contraceptives and delay of marriage age.

scholarly journals Intention to have a second child among Chinese women one year after the implementation of selective two-child policy: a cross-sectional survey

The Lancet ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. S96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglong Xu ◽  
Hanxiao Zuo ◽  
Yunshuang Rao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Lian Lian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
One Year

Marriage and Fertility Patterns among Jordanians and Syrian Refugees in Jordan

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Sieverding ◽  
Nasma Berri ◽  
Sawsan Abdulrahim
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Marriage Education ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
High Selection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transition To Marriage

This chapter examines changes in marriage and fertility among Jordanians and Syrian refugees in Jordan. It finds considerable continuity in marriage practices among Jordanians from 2010 to 2016. Jordanians witnessed very modest increases in median age at first marriage. Education is the main factor associated with later ages at marriage and first birth among women. The cost of marriage among Jordanians has declined since 2010 and is unlikely to have contributed to trends in marriage age. Despite the small increase in age at first marriage, fertility declined among Jordanians from a total fertility rate of 3.9 in 2010 to 3.3 in 2016. Compared to the Jordanians, Syrian refugees experienced an earlier transition to marriage and a higher total fertility rate of 4.4 in 2016. The marriage and fertility patterns of Syrian refugees point to high selection on factors associated with earlier marriage and higher fertility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document