Significance of illite crystallinity and bo values of K-white mica in lowgrade metamorphic rocks, North Hill End Synclinorium, New South Wales, Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (352) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Offler ◽  
E. Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
White Mica ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Illite Crystallinity ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractA study of low-grade metamorphism in late Silurian to early Carboniferous rocks in the North Hill End Synclinorium and adjacent anticlinoria has been made by the determination of illite crystallinity and bo values of K-white mica in eighty slates and phyllites. Illite crystallinity values vary from 0.40 Δ°2θ on the Molong Anticlinorium to 0.12 Δ°2θ within the axis of the synclinorium, suggesting anchizonal to epizonal metamorphic conditions. This is in agreement with previous observations on Ca-Al-hydrosilicate assemblages which indicated a change from prehnite-pumpellyite facies in the anticlinoria adjacent to the synclinorium to middle greenschist facies in the axis. Local variations in crystallinity are attributed to variation in ak+ in fluids migrating along cleavage zones.The mean bo value obtained from the pelites is 9.017 Å (σn = 0.008; n = 80) which is in close agreement with that obtained from part of the adjacent Capertee Anticlinorium (x̄ = 9.019 Å; σn = 0.007; n = 52). However, ‘t’ tests indicate that two bo populations are present in the synclinorium (x̄ = 9.019 and 9.022 Å), with the lower values concentrated in the southern portion of this structure. The two populations are considered to be the result of slightly different metamorphic conditions prevailing during the deformation of the rocks in the synclinorium. A higher geothermal gradient affecting rocks giving the lower bo values is attributed to the presence of granitoids at shallower depths than elsewhere in the synclinorium.

Influence of temperature on blood pH of the human adult and newborn

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlis Adamsons ◽  
Salha S. Daniel ◽  
Gillian Gandy ◽  
L. Stanley James
Keyword(s):  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Two Populations

The effect of temperature upon pH of blood from adult and newborn humans was investigated. Although the mean ΔpH/ΔT values for the two populations differed, 0.0144/ °C for adults versus 0.0128 for the newborn, this was not peculiar to the source since the temperature-induced pH changes were identical when comparison was made between samples of similar pH and CO2 content. It was shown that even over the physiologic pH range ΔpH/ΔT is not constant but is a function of pH and CO2. No significant changes in ΔpH/ΔT were observed with oxygenation of hemoglobin. The influence of red cell concentration was detectable only when hematocrit values fell below 20%. A graph and an equation for the determination of ΔpH/ΔT of blood with a given pH and CO2 content is presented. acid base Submitted on December 9, 1963

Clay mineral evidence for low-grade Caledonian and Variscan metamorphism in south-western Dyfed, south Wales

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (331) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Robinson ◽  
R. A. Nicholls ◽  
L. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Illite Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Variscan Metamorphism ◽  
Pelitic Rocks

SummaryIllite crystallinity determinations on Palaeozoic pelitic rocks, whose stratigraphic range runs from Lower Cambrian to Westphalian, indicate that anchimetamorphism has affected both the Lower and Upper Palaeozoic sequences. Two metamorphic episodes are in evidence, with the earlier, Caledonian, being of slightly higher grade. The higher anchizone crystallinity values are recorded from the Fishguard area in which mineral assemblages of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies have recently been recognized in basic igneous rocks. The later metamorphic episode has affected rocks to the south of the Variscan front. Here crystallinity values are low anchizone but some straddle the boundary with the diagenetic state. The Pembroke coalfield lies in this southern area and has coals largely of anthracite rank with volatile matter contents of between 10.1 and 5% Grade of metamorphism as indicated by crystallinity and by coal rank data from the Pembroke coalfield shows anomalous results to that described from the main South Wales coalfield. A neo-formed 2M illite from the Variscan spaced cleavage is described with analytical and X-ray diffraction data.

Sheep production on the north coast of New South Wales. 2. A feasibility study of prime lamb production

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sheep Production

Lamb production was studied in an experiment that ran for four years, 1968 to 1972, at Grafton, New South Wales, in a region where no commercial sheep are grown. Merino and Dorset Horn x Merino ewes stocked at 15 ewes ha-1 were mated in spring to Border Leicester rams and the lambs sold for slaughter in October. The mean number of lambs born per 100 ewes mated was 81.7 for crossbred ewes and 48.4 for Merino ewes (P< 0.05) and the mean carcase weights of the lambs were 14.8 kg and 12.7 kg, respectively (P< 0.01). The mean weight of fleeces cut from Merino ewes (3.24 kg) was greater (P< 0.01) than that from crossbred ewes (2.58 kg). The ewes were treated with anthelmintics either every four weeks or according to climatic conditions. There were no significant differences between the anthelmintic treatments for lamb liveweights at birth, weaning or slaughter; carcase weight; ewe fleece weight; or mortality rate. Treatment every four weeks increased ewe live weight during only one short period from August 1971 to February 1972 (P< 0.05). Data from this experiment compared favourably with survey data for the high rainfall zone in Australia and it was concluded that prime lamb production on the north coast of New South Wales is biologically feasible.

Relationship between metamorphism and structure in the Skiddaw Group, English Lake District

1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Fortey ◽  
B. Roberts ◽  
S. R. Hirons
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
White Mica ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Illite Crystallinity ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
English Lake District

AbstractRegional variation of white mica (illite) crystallinity in the Skiddaw Group is set against the structural interpretation of Hughes, Cooper & Stone (1993, this issue) in which early- or pre-Ludlow deformation and slaty cleavage development (S1) were succeeded by southward thrusting and an associated development of S1 and S1 crenulation cleavages, possibly during early Devonian times. Kubier index (KI) values are plotted in relation to geological structure for a major part of the Skiddaw Group, and cross-sections constructed. The pattern is interpreted in terms of three processes: (1) diagenetic to low anchizonal burial metamorphism under a relatively high geothermal gradient during the late-arc stage (early to mid-Silurian) which preceded the orogenic phase and formation of S1; (2) upper anchizonal to epizonal metamorphism due to tectonic thickening and slaty cleavage development during the early to pre-Ludlow orogenic phase following closure of Iapetus; (3) late-tectonic uplift of already metamorphosed rocks by southward-directed movement on the Loweswater, Gasgale Gill and Causey Pike Thrusts possibly during early Devonian time. An analogous interpretation is made for the Skiddaw area, though with the addition of major post-S1 contact metamorphism.

Comparison of Dosimetry and Gamma Camera Methods for Evaluation of Biodistribution Prior to Administration of the Therapeutic Dose of Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab (Bexxar Therapeutic Regimen)

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4916-4916
Author(s):  
Thierry J. Horner ◽  
Jeffry A. Siegel ◽  
Roxanne C. Jewell ◽  
Gary J. Lunger ◽  
Nancy L. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Therapeutic Regimen ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Abstract 4916 Introduction: The Bexxar® Therapeutic Regimen for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) is administered in 2 steps: a dosimetric dose and a therapeutic dose. Radioactive counts, obtained from sequential gamma camera scans of the whole body at several time points after the dosimetric dose, determine the patient (pt)-specific clearance (total body residence time, TBRT) and, along with pt body size, allow determination of the prescribed activity (PA) of the therapeutic dose. Pts do not receive the therapeutic dose if TBRT is outside 50 to 150 hrs and/or gamma camera images show altered biodistribution. TBRT is used to calculate the mCi of I-131 (PA) required to deliver the appropriate therapeutic dose of 65 or 75 cGy to the total body, depending on platelet count. Our aims were 1) to evaluate an alternative, inexpensive sodium iodide probe (probe) detector-based method of measuring radioactive counts for determination of TBRT and 2) to evaluate the clinical benefit of visually assessing gamma camera images for altered biodistribution. Methods: We retrospectively compared probe and gamma camera methods from a phase II study (RIT-II-001) and evaluated altered biodistribution assessed by gamma camera images from a post-marketing observational study. Forty-one of 47 FL pts enrolled in RIT-II-001 from December 1995 to November 1996 were included in the retrospective analysis of TBRT and PA. Pts received a median of 5 prior chemotherapies (range 2–13). Thirty of 41 (73%) pts had low-grade B-NHL, 90% had stage III or IV disease, 51% had bone marrow involvement, 88% had an International Prognostic Index score ≥ 2, and 16 of 34 (47%) pts had bulky disease >500 g. Dosimetry analysis was performed at 3 time points (Day 0; Day 2, 3, or 4; and Day 6 or 7) after dosimetric dose, as currently required for determining PA. The PAs of the therapeutic dose using TBRTs derived from probe and gamma camera counts were compared. Also, we retrospectively evaluated cases of altered biodistribution in an observational post-marketing study (BEX114606) of 2,649 pts who received a dosimetric dose from June 2003 to February 2010. Dosimetry and gamma camera images were independently reviewed from reported cases of altered biodistribution to evaluate the clinical benefit of visually assessing gamma camera images. Results: The mean TBRTs from the clinical study were 94.5 and 95.0 hrs from the probe and gamma camera methods, respectively, and individual TBRTs were highly correlated (r = 0.98). The mean PAs of the therapeutic dose, derived from probe and gamma camera TBRTs, were 85.8 mCi and 85.3 mCi, respectively. The point estimate for the ratio of the PA was 0.995 and the 90% CI (0.984, 1.006) was well within the typical range of 0.80 to 1.25 for demonstrating bioequivalence. The observational study found that only 5 of 2,649 (0.2%) pts did not receive the therapeutic dose due to suspected altered biodistribution. Dosimetry data and gamma camera images were available for 3 pts. Independent review confirmed that all 3 pts had accurately determined TBRTs, but only 1 pt had confirmed altered biodistribution by visual assessment of gamma camera images and TBRTs. Conclusion: TBRTs derived from probe and gamma camera counts were highly comparable. Thus, the probe and gamma camera methods to determine TBRT and calculate the PA of the therapeutic dose of Bexxar appear equivalent. Altered biodistribution prevented only 5 of 2,649 (0.2%) pts from receiving the therapeutic dose of Bexxar. Only 1 pt (0.04%) was independently confirmed to have altered biodistribution by visual assessment of gamma camera images, consistent with the TBRT. Therefore, visual assessment of gamma camera images added no benefit beyond TBRT in determining whether to administer the therapeutic dose of Bexxar. These data indicate that either sequential probe or gamma camera-based dosimetry is sufficient for determining whether to administer the therapeutic dose, and that visual assessment of gamma camera images does not appear to be necessary to detect the rare instance of an altered biodistribution. Disclosures: Horner: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Off Label Use: The BEXXAR therapeutic regimen (Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab) is indicated for the treatment of patients with CD20 antigen-expressing relapsed or refractory, low grade, follicular, or transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including patients with Rituximab-refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Siegel: GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy. Jewell: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Lunger: GE Healthcare: Employment. Young: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Wynne: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Williams: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Lin: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Kaminski: GlaxoSmithKline: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Wahl: GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties; Nihon Medi Physics: Consultancy; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Naviscan PET systems: Consultancy; Threshold Pharmaceuticals: Equity Ownership. Vleisides: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment.

Conditions and timing of metamorphism in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Powell ◽  
D. M. Carmichael ◽  
C. J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Greenstone Belt ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Abitibi Greenstone Belt ◽  
The North ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Facies Transition

Regional metamorphism, ranging in grade from the subgreenschist-facies to the greenschist–amphibolite-facies transition, affects all Archean supracrustal rocks (>2677 Ma) in the Rouyn–Noranda area. Contact metamorphic minerals associated with the posttectonic Preissac–Lacorne batholith (2643 Ma) show no evidence of a regional retrograde event. Accordingly, the age of regional metamorphism can be bracketed between 2677 and 2643 Ma. Three reaction isograds were mapped in subgreenschist-facies metabasites, dividing the low-grade rocks into three metamorphic zones: the pumpellyite–actinolite zone, the prehnite–pumpellyite zone, and the prehnite–epidote zone. In addition, the pumpellyite–actinolite–epidote–quartz bathograd, corresponding to a pressure of approximately 200 MPa, occurs on both sides of the Porcupine–Destor fault. Low-pressure regional metamorphism is also indicated both by the occurrence of an actinolite–oligoclase zone, and the persistence of pre-regional-metamorphic andalusite. The coincidence of andalusite and the actinolite-oligoclase zone indicates that pressure was <330 MPa at the greenschist-amphibolite transition. The geothermal gradient during metamorphism was approximately 30 °C/km. Regionally, isograds dip shallowly to the north and trend subparallel to lithological and structural trends. Metamorphic minerals in metabasites define tectonic fabrics only near major fault zones and in zones of CO2 metasomatism. In biotite zone metasedimentary rocks the schistosity is defined by mica and amphibole. These textures indicate that metamorphism and fabric development were coeval. However, the actinolite–epidote isograd cuts the Porcupine–Destor fault, indicating that regional metamorphism postdates movement along this fault. The strong fabrics associated with the Porcupine–Destor and Larder Lake–Cadillac faults must have developed through a process dominated by flattening strain.

scholarly journals Considérations physiques sur le passage Nord-ouest; by the same. Communicated by the Right Hon. the Earl of Minto, G. C. B. F. R. S

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 484-484
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coppermine River ◽  
The Right ◽  
North Latitude

The author of this memoir, considering that the practicability of a North-west Arctic passage must depend on the mean summer atmospheric temperature of the most northern point of the continent of America being above that at which the congelation of sea water takes place, applies himself to the determination of these temperatures. The results of his calculations are given in a table, exhibiting the extreme and the mean temperatures of the atmosphere for each of the summer months, from May to September, at all degrees of latitude, from 60° to 80° inclusive. According to this table, the temperature of zero, which is about the freezing point of sea water, prevails, at 60° of latitude, on the 10th of May; at 61° lat. on the 20th of May; at 63°, on the 1 st of June; at 65°, on the 10th of June; at 67°, on the 20th of June; and at 71°, during the whole of the months of July and August. The author concludes that navigators can reach, without danger of being obstructed by ice, the latitude of 71° during these latter months: and that since the American continent does not probably extend beyond 70° north latitude a passage to the North-west is then open. He recommends, however, that instead of attempting it by the dangerous navigation of the polar sea, a coasting voyage between the continent and the numerous islands which exist in that ocean should be undertaken; or, what he thinks still more promising of success, an expedition by land for exploring the country intervening between the Coppermine River and Hudson’s Bay.

Grass seed contamination of the wool and carcases of sheep grazing natural pasture on the north-western slopes of New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
BA Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
The Mean

A group of six-month-old Merino wether weaners was grazed from January to July 1977 on a natural pasture containing seeds of wiregrass (Aristida ramosa), corkscrew grass (Stipa variabilis), barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) and burrs of Medicago minima. The sheep were then removed from the natural pasture, shorn and grazed for a further 23 months on lucerne and oats pastures that were free of grass seed. The number and species of grass seeds and burrs in the wool, hide and carcases were measured to determine the levels of seed and burr contamination and the long-term fate of seeds entering the carcase. The highest number of seeds in the wool, hide and carcase of sheep grazing natural pasture were those of wiregrass. Numbers of seeds of this species per 100 cm2 ranged from 85 to 651 in the wool, 43 to 159 in the hide, and 1 to 8 in the carcase. Most of the grass seeds in the wool were located on the stomach and shoulders, while most of the burrs were on the hind legs and stomach. Percentages of grass seed were highest about the stomach area and shoulders for the hide and carcase, respectively. After the sheep were removed from the natural pasture, and grazed on lucerne and oats pastures for 23 months, the mean grass seed contents decreased by 81% in the hide and 83% in the carcase. Wiregrass seeds were the only seeds that penetrated the hide and remained in the carcase. Numbers of contaminating seeds decreased most rapidly within 6 months of the sheep being removed from the natural pasture. Over the experimental period no seed-free hides or carcases were observed.

Genetic and environmental effects on a temperament score in beef cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
CA Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

Temperament scores were taken on 8-month-old calves from five calf drops (1976-80) and over three sections of a large crossbreeding trial on the North Coast of New South Wales. A 0-5 scale was used, with lower values for quieter cattle. The heritability �s.e. of temperament score of Bos taurus calves (sired by Hereford, Simmental and Friesian bulls) was 0.03�0.28, and for B. indicus-sired calves (Brahman, Braford and Africander bulls) 0.46�0.37, and for all data combined 0.44�0.25. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the mean score of Brahman-sired halfbred calves (1.96) and B. taurus-sired calves (1.05). The difference was halved to 0.45 points for quarterbred Brahman calves versus B. taurus calves, i.e. as expected for an additive trait. There were significant differences in temperament among calves sired by B. indicus bulls, but there were no significant differences amongst the B. taurus sire breeds. The repeatability (mean � s.e.) of operators' score of 701 weaner calves was 0.67�0.08. From temperament scores of 315 cows at weaning in 1981, an operator repeatability of 0.82�0.08 was obtained. Correlations of cow and calf score were not consistent, but averaged 0.18�0.04 from 547 records. The repeatability of scores taken at two separate times on 132 calves, was 0.43�0.09. The group given a medium level of nutrition had significantly higher temperament scores than those given high or low levels. Sex effects were not significant on scores at weaning. A log transformation of the data equalized the variance of scores of different breeds, but did not affect the conclusions.

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