scholarly journals Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance of invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a multi-country collection

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Nasrin ◽  
Nicolas Hegerle ◽  
Shaichi Sen ◽  
Joseph Nkeze ◽  
Sunil Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Agglutination Assay ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of acute and chronic infections and is frequently associated with healthcare-associated infections. Because of its ability to rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics, P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat. Alternative strategies, such as a vaccine, are needed to prevent infections. We collected a total of 413 P. aeruginosa isolates from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients from 10 countries located on 4 continents during 2005–2017 and characterized these isolates to inform vaccine development efforts. We determined the diversity and distribution of O antigen and flagellin types and antibiotic susceptibility of the invasive P. aeruginosa. We used an antibody-based agglutination assay and PCR for O antigen typing and PCR for flagellin typing. We determined antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results Of the 413 isolates, 314 (95%) were typed by an antibody-based agglutination assay or PCR (n = 99). Among the 20 serotypes of P. aeruginosa, the most common serotypes were O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O8, O9, O10 and O11; a vaccine that targets these 10 serotypes would confer protection against more than 80% of invasive P. aeruginosa infections. The most common flagellin type among 386 isolates was FlaB (41%). Resistance to aztreonam (56%) was most common, followed by levofloxacin (42%). We also found that 22% of strains were non-susceptible to meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam. Ninety-nine (27%) of our collected isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Isolates with FlaA2 flagellin were more commonly multidrug resistant (p = 0.04). Conclusions Vaccines targeting common O antigens and two flagellin antigens, FlaB and FlaA2, would offer an excellent strategy to prevent P. aeruginosa invasive infections.

scholarly journals Detection of the Antiseptic Resistance Gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
اخلاص نعمة
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a number of infections in immunocompromised patients. This organism appears to improve resistance  to many antimicrobial agents and a high percentage of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype . The purpose of this study is to screen the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates. Accordingly, 145 samples were collected from different clinical sources from patients who admitted to different hospitals in Baghdad city in a period ranged 23/8/2018-1/1/2019. The isolates were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa based on routine bacteriological methods and confirmed by a molecular method using 16SrRNA gene. The antibiotic  susceptibility test was performed to all identified isolates by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method using ten  types of antibiotics. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test revealed high levels of resistance toward Piperacillin (72.22%), Trimethoprim (68%), Ceftazidime (68%), Colistin (40.28%), and Levofloxacin (33.33%). And , the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cetrimide was tested using different concentrations (2.048 to 0.004µg/100µl) and the results showed that MIC values ranged between 2.048 and 0.016) μg/100μL, and  the concentration of  0.256 μg/100μl was more frequent . Finally, the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates was detected in percentage  63.88% among bacterial isolates .

scholarly journals Mutational Analysis of RetS, an Unusual Sensor Kinase-Response Regulator Hybrid Required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 4462-4473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Laskowski ◽  
Barbara I. Kazmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Sensor Kinase ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Reciprocal Regulation ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing both acute and chronic infections in a wide range of hosts. Expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) proteins is correlated with virulence in models of acute infection, while downregulation of the T3SS and upregulation of genes important for biofilm formation are observed during chronic infections. RetS, a hybrid sensor kinase-response regulator protein of P. aeruginosa, plays a key role in the reciprocal regulation of virulence factors required for acute versus chronic infection and is postulated to act in concert with two other sensor kinase-response regulator hybrids, GacS and LadS. This work examines the roles of the putative sensing and signal transduction domains of RetS in induction of the T3SS in vitro and in a murine model of acute pneumonia. We identify distinct signaling roles for the tandem receiver domains of RetS and present evidence suggesting that RetS may serve as a substrate for another sensor kinase. Phenotypes associated with RetS alleles lacking periplasmic and/or transmembrane domains further indicate that the periplasmic domain of RetS may transmit a signal that inhibits RetS activity during acute infections.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2016 - 2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Zamanian ◽  
Marya Shirvani ◽  
Alireza Janbakhsh ◽  
Babak Sayad ◽  
Siavash Vaziri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes asymptomatic diseases. This bacterium could cause several disorders, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases. S. aureus could also develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolated S. aureus in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,228 patients with a positive S. aureus culture who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. In accordance with the CLSI protocol, bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the standard disk-diffusion method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the S. aureus-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (43.7%), blood samples (40.1%), and urine samples (23.9%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin, penicillin G, ofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin. With 93.3% and 81.8% sensitivity, vancomycin and teicoplanin were respectively the most effective antibiotics against S. aureus. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of resistant S. aureus strains could be due to the long-term hospitalization of patients and the overuse of antibiotics in infection treatment. Therefore, proper monitoring and development of effective infection control methods are essential in these healthcare settings.

Detection of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Clinical and Intensive Care Unit Environmental Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Hassan Mahmoudi ◽  
Ali Mohammadi Bardbari ◽  
Pezhman Karami ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Infections

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative non-glucose fermenting aerobic bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals. The present study was carried out to investigate the distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and intensive care unit (ICU) environment. Material and Methods: A total of 116 P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and ICU environment were collected from Besat hospital in Hamadan, the West of Iran. P. aeruginosa isolates were analyzed based on the presence of the virulence factors encoding genes included exoA, exoS, exoU, and algD using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using a disk diffusion method. Results: The results showed the prevalence of exoA 33 (56.9%), exoS 21 (36.20%), exoU 37 (63.8%), and algD 35 (60.34%) genes in ICU environment P. aeruginosa strains and exo A 23 (39.25%), exoS 25 (43.1%), exoU 40(68.98%), and algD 25 (43.1%) genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. High resistance levels of the clinical and ICU environment isolate to ampicillinsulbactam (100%), were also observed. Conclusions: Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients in Iran. Clinicians should exercise caution in prescribing antibiotics, especially in cases of human infections.

scholarly journals A Large-Scale Whole-Genome Comparison Shows that Experimental Evolution in Response to Antibiotics Predicts Changes in Naturally Evolved Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. T. Wardell ◽  
Attika Rehman ◽  
Lois W. Martin ◽  
Craig Winstanley ◽  
Wayne M. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Genome Comparison ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Deletions ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of acute and chronic infections. An increasing number of isolates have mutations that make them antibiotic resistant, making treatment difficult. To identify resistance-associated mutations, we experimentally evolved the antibiotic-sensitive strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 to become resistant to three widely used antipseudomonal antibiotics, namely, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and tobramycin. Mutants could tolerate up to 2,048-fold higher concentrations of antibiotics than strain PAO1. Genome sequences were determined for 13 mutants for each antibiotic. Each mutant had between 2 and 8 mutations. For each antibiotic, at least 8 genes were mutated in multiple mutants, demonstrating the genetic complexity of resistance. For all three antibiotics, mutations arose in genes known to be associated with resistance but also in genes not previously associated with resistance. To determine the clinical relevance of mutations uncovered in this study, we analyzed the corresponding genes in 558 isolates of P. aeruginosa from patients with chronic lung disease and in 172 isolates from the general environment. Many genes identified through experimental evolution had predicted function-altering changes in clinical isolates but not in environmental isolates, showing that mutated genes in experimentally evolved bacteria can predict those that undergo mutation during infection. Additionally, large deletions of up to 479 kb arose in experimentally evolved meropenem-resistant mutants, and large deletions were present in 87 of the clinical isolates. These findings significantly advance understanding of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa and demonstrate the validity of experimental evolution in identifying clinically relevant resistance-associated mutations.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Shamweel Ahmed ◽  
Mohmammed Nawaf Al-Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
State Level ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria. identified in the clinical specimens of hospital admitted patients. A major problem in P. aeruginosa infection may be that this pathogen exhibits a high degree of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. The study aimed to isolate and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the P. aeruginosa. This prospective study was done over a period of six months. Forty one clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were isolated from sputum specimens of the patients suspected of having respiratory tract infection. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of all the isolates were determined using disk diffusion method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial agent with 85.4% susceptibility followed by imipenem (75.6%), aminoglycosides (amikacin, 95.1% and gentamicin, 90.3%), and the beta-lactams (cefepime 65.8%, ceftazidime, 51.2%). Piperacillin showed the maximum resistance (46.3%) followed by Aztreonam (36.6%). Regular antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance is essential for area-wise monitoring of the resistance patterns. An effective national and state level antibiotic policy and draft guidelines should be introduced to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics and for better patient management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17428 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 45-48. Table I & Figure I added on 02 February 2014.

scholarly journals Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12152
Author(s):  
Maria Sultan ◽  
Rekha Arya ◽  
Kyeong Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Two Component Systems

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that synthesizes and secretes a wide range of virulence factors. P. aeruginosa poses a potential threat to human health worldwide due to its omnipresent nature, robust host accumulation, high virulence, and significant resistance to multiple antibiotics. The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, which is associated with acute and chronic infections, is linked with multiple virulence factors and associated secretion systems, such as the ability to form and utilize a biofilm, pili, flagella, alginate, pyocyanin, proteases, and toxins. Two-component systems (TCSs) of P. aeruginosa perform an essential role in controlling virulence factors in response to internal and external stimuli. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of TCSs to perceive and respond to signals from the environment and control the production of virulence factors during infection is essential to understanding the diseases caused by P. aeruginosa infection and further develop new antibiotics to treat this pathogen. This review discusses the important virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the understanding of their regulation through TCSs by focusing on biofilm, motility, pyocyanin, and cytotoxins.

scholarly journals β-lactam Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Current Status, Future Prospects

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Karl A. Glen ◽  
Iain L. Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Wide Range

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen, causing a wide range of acute and chronic infections. β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams, and cephalosporins play a key role in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. However, a significant number of isolates of these bacteria are resistant to β-lactams, complicating treatment of infections and leading to worse outcomes for patients. In this review, we summarize studies demonstrating the health and economic impacts associated with β-lactam-resistant P. aeruginosa. We then describe how β-lactams bind to and inhibit P. aeruginosa penicillin-binding proteins that are required for synthesis and remodelling of peptidoglycan. Resistance to β-lactams is multifactorial and can involve changes to a key target protein, penicillin-binding protein 3, that is essential for cell division; reduced uptake or increased efflux of β-lactams; degradation of β-lactam antibiotics by increased expression or altered substrate specificity of an AmpC β-lactamase, or by the acquisition of β-lactamases through horizontal gene transfer; and changes to biofilm formation and metabolism. The current understanding of these mechanisms is discussed. Lastly, important knowledge gaps are identified, and possible strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics in treating P. aeruginosa infections are considered.

scholarly journals Comparison of two disk diffusion and E-test methods in determining antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in isolated burn infections of Ahvaz City

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-651
Author(s):  
Changiz Ahmadizadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Pashazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Identification

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa with widely distributed in nature, for human beings is considered an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections of broad-spectrum, including administrative, respiratory, septicemia and bacteremia and sepsis in patients with the burning city of Ahvaz. Method and Material: A total of 95isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients from January 2015 assemble and biochemical identification test, then they are antibiotic resistance in E. test and disk diffusion method were compared. Findings: From 95 different clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from E. test with the highest sensitivity to the antibiotic ceftazidime , 70(68/73%) and ciprofloxacin 50 (63/52%) and gentamicin 48 (52 /50 %) and the antibiotic imipenem 44 (31/46%) were sensitive and disk diffusion method antibiotic ceftazidime, 67(52/70%) and the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin 51(68/53%) and safety antibiotic imipenem 49(57/51%) and gentamicin 48(52/50%) were sensitive. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences between E. test and disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility of there (p<0.05) and disk diffusion method can replace E. test, and also the most sensitive antibiotics, the antibiotics used The study of the isolated Pseudomonas is ceftazidime. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.646-651

scholarly journals Detection of integron genes in the plasmid DNA of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical wounds of some patients in Benin City, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
A.O Eremwanarue ◽  
H.O Shittu ◽  
E Igiehon ◽  
E.R Oijagbe
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with the capability to cause serious surgical wound infections and remains a major healthcare problem. Plasmid is an extra chromosomal material in bacterial cells and confers resistance to the cell against many antibiotics. Genetic elements such as integron are implicated in conferring multidrug resistance (MDR) to P. aeruginosa . This study aims at investigating the occurrence of integron genes (int1, int2, int3) in the plasmid DNA and their ability to cause MDR in P. aeruginosa . In total, 284 different wound swabs were collected, P. aeruginosa isolated and screened using standard laboratory methods. Antibiotics susceptibility tests were carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also carried out using P. aeruginosa plasmid DNA as a template to detect the presence/absence of the integron genes using different pairs of specific primers. The results reveal that 34 (54.8%) of the microbes isolated were P. aeruginosa . Most of the isolates showed notable resistance to antibiotics, most notably against Ceftazidime, Augmentin, Cefixime and Gentamicin . Eleven isolates harbors the plasmid DNA . PCR amplification showed that 6 (54.5%) of the P. aeruginosa isolates harbor integron class 1 genes, non harbors the integron class 2 genes while 3 (27.3%) possess the integron class 3 genes. The isolates with these genes were highly resistant to most of the antibiotics used. int1 gene was prevalent then int3. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Wound infection, Integron, Polymerase chain reaction, Plasmid DNA

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