scholarly journals Development and characterization of an EMS-mutagenized wheat population and identification of salt-tolerant wheat lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Lethin ◽  
Shahriar S. M. Shakil ◽  
Sameer Hassan ◽  
Nick Sirijovski ◽  
Mats Töpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Similar Phenotype ◽  
Single Seeds ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background Triticum aestivum (wheat) is one of the world’s oldest crops and has been used for >8000 years as a food crop in North Africa, West Asia and Europe. Today, wheat is one of the most important sources of grain for humans, and is cultivated on greater areas of land than any other crop. As the human population increases and soil salinity becomes more prevalent, there is increased pressure on wheat breeders to develop salt-tolerant varieties in order to meet growing demands for yield and grain quality. Here we developed a mutant wheat population using the moderately salt-tolerant Bangladeshi variety BARI Gom-25, with the primary goal of further increasing salt tolerance. Results After titrating the optimal ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) concentration, ca 30,000 seeds were treated with 1% EMS, and 1676 lines, all originating from single seeds, survived through the first four generations. Most mutagenized lines showed a similar phenotype to BARI Gom-25, although visual differences such as dwarfing, giant plants, early and late flowering and altered leaf morphology were seen in some lines. By developing an assay for salt tolerance, and by screening the mutagenized population, we identified 70 lines exhibiting increased salt tolerance. The selected lines typically showed a 70% germination rate on filter paper soaked in 200 mM NaCl, compared to 0–30% for BARI Gom-25. From two of the salt-tolerant OlsAro lines (OA42 and OA70), genomic DNA was sequenced to 15x times coverage. A comparative analysis against the BARI Gom-25 genomic sequence identified a total of 683,201 (OA42), and 768,954 (OA70) SNPs distributed throughout the three sub-genomes (A, B and D). The mutation frequency was determined to be approximately one per 20,000 bp. All the 70 selected salt-tolerant lines were tested for root growth in the laboratory, and under saline field conditions in Bangladesh. The results showed that all the lines selected for tolerance showed a better salt tolerance phenotype than both BARI Gom-25 and other local wheat varieties tested. Conclusion The mutant wheat population developed here will be a valuable resource in the development of novel salt-tolerant varieties for the benefit of saline farming.

Responses of seed germination, seedling growth under salinity stresses and variability for phenotypic traits in Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mia Mukul ◽  
Sheikh Shorif Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Nargis Akter ◽  
Md. Golam Mostofa ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Good For ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

Salinity is a serious abiotic stress to Jute and other crop cultivation at saline regions in the world. No salt tolerant Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) variety was developed in Bangladesh. Hence, six Tossa Jute accessions were investigated at germination stage against six concentration levels (0.00 or d.H2O, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0 and 16.0 dS m-1) of salt (NaCl) using RCB design at Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) during March-July, 2020. Jute seeds collected from Gene Bank of BJRI were allowed to germinate under laboratory condition. Seed germination rate was adversely affected as well as delay in germination was prolonged with increasing the salt concentration. In control, seeds were germinated up to 14.0 dS m-1 salt solution. Among six genotypes, Acc. 1141 and Acc. 3801 showed the highest germination rate (86.67 %); Acc. 3801 gave maximum root length (17.0 mm), dry biomass (6.37 mg); and Acc. 1089 showed higher shoot length (10.0 mm), fresh weight (43.93 mg) and salt tolerance index (60.69 %) under 14.0 dS m-1 level. Higher relative salt harm rate (7.14 %) was observed in both Acc. 1141 and Acc. 3801 under 14.0 dS m-1 salinity indicating highly tolerance to salinity. Acc. 3801 and Acc. 1141 were found good for germination under salt stresses; Acc. 3801, Acc. 1089 for fiber yield and salt tolerance; Acc. 3801 and Acc. 1407 for higher fiber yield. Acc. 3801 was found good for salt tolerance and fiber yield content. The genotypes with good desirable characters would be used as breeding materials to develop high yielding salt tolerant Tossa Jute variety.

Comparative studies on salt tolerance of seedlings for one cultivar of puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) and two cultivars of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum)

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zhang ◽  
B. C. Jacobs ◽  
M. O'Donnell ◽  
J. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass

Salt tolerances of 3 cultivars, Menemen puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata Bor), Tyrrell and Dundas [tall wheatgrass, Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z. W. Liu and R. R. C. Wang], were compared with respect to their seed germination, adaptive responses to salt and waterlogging, seedling emergence, plant growth, shoot osmolality and mineral contents in a series of salt-stress experiments. An inverse normal distribution provided good fits for the time to seed germination. Under NaCl stress, 50% of the control (distilled water) seed germination rates of Menemen, Tyrrell and Dundas were achieved in 178.8, 300.9 and 296.8 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. Fifty percent of the control seedling emergence rates of these 3 cultivars were in 92.7, 107.2 and 113.5 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. The seed germination rates of these 3 cultivars under both salt and waterlogging stress were far lower than those germinated only under salt stress at the same salt level. Seed pretreatment by soaking seed in NaCl solutions greatly increased the seed germination rate under salt stress for Menemen and under both salt stress and waterlogging for Dundas. Tyrrell and Dundas were very similar in their tolerance to salt stress, and were significantly (P<0.05) more salt tolerant than Menemen in terms of seed germination and seedling emergence rate. Both shoot height and dry matter of these 3 cultivars were not statistically different among all salt stress levels during the seedling elongation period, indicating that the established plants of these 3 cultivars were very salt tolerant. The salt tolerance mechanisms of these 3 cultivars are possibly related to their abilities to maintain high osmolality in shoots by regulating high sodium and potassium contents, and reducing calcium deficiency under salt stress.

scholarly journals Generation of New Salt-Tolerant Wheat Lines and Transcriptomic Exploration of the Responsive Genes to Ethylene and Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Huajian Zhou ◽  
Xinying Sui ◽  
Chunxue Su ◽  
Yanchong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Antenna Proteins ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop in the world, but is only moderately salt tolerant. However, salt stress affects one-fifth of irrigated agricultural land in the world, it is of great importance to cultivate salt-tolerant varieties to improve the global wheat production. Results: In this study, over 90,000 wheat seeds of cultivar ‘Luyuan502’ were mutated by EMS, and 2000 salt-tolerant lines were harvested from salinized field. By analysis of ethylene sensitivity, salt related physiological factors, and preliminary crop yield, 12 salt-tolerant wheat lines with high production were selected among the crop plants. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a large number of the transcripts levels were significantly altered, mainly based on antenna proteins involved in photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cyanoamino acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathways including CABs, PERs/PODs, BGLUs, CYP707s, and ZEPs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of salt-related genes in the wheat lines were mostly higher than the wild type, and salt stress can significantly increase the expression levels of the ethylene-related genes in the wheat lines. Based on transcriptomic data, nine novel wheat ERFs were identified and analyzed, and it is suggested that they may play important roles in mediation of ethylene response and salt tolerance.Conclusion: Salt-tolerant wheat mutant lines with ethylene insensitivity were obtained from screen of a wheat EMS-mutagenized pool. Transcriptome data showed that the mutant plants exhibit significant alterations in the antenna proteins involved in various biological processes. Expression analysis suggests that ERFs may mediate ethylene response and salt tolerance of the wheat lines.

scholarly journals Detecting Salt Tolerance in Doubled Haploid Wheat Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Ashkar ◽  
Alderfasi ◽  
El-Hendawy ◽  
Al-Suhaibani ◽  
El-Kafafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Lines

Improving salt tolerance of genotypes requires a source of genetic variation and multiple accurate selection criteria for discriminating their salt tolerance. A combination of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters and multivariate analysis was used to detect salt tolerance variation in 15 wheat lines developed by doubled haploid (DHL) technique. They were then compared with the salt-tolerant check cultivar Sakha 93. Salinity stress was investigated at three salinity levels (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) for 25 days. Considerable genetic variation was observed for all traits, as was high heritability (>60%) and genetic gain (>20%). Principal component analysis indicated the ability of nine traits (root number, root length, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, specific root length, relative water content, membrane stability index, and catalase) to identify differences in salinity tolerance among lines. Three traits (shoot length, shoot dry weight, and catalase) were indicative of salt-tolerance, indicating their importance in improving and evaluating salt tolerant genotypes for breeding programs. The salinity tolerance membership index based on these three traits classified one new line (DHL21) and the check cultivar (Sakha 93) as highly salt-tolerant, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5 as tolerant, and DHL23 and DHL12 as intermediate. Discriminant function analysis and MANOVA suggested differences among the five groups of tolerance. Among the donor genotypes, Sakha 93 remained the donor of choice for improving salinity tolerance during the seedling stage. The tolerated lines (DHL21, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5) could be also recommended as useful and novel genetic resources for improving salinity tolerance of wheat in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Salt-Tolerant Traits in Terrestrial Cotton at Seedling Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Juyun Zheng ◽  
Zeliang Zhang ◽  
Zhaolong Gong ◽  
Yajun Liang ◽  
Zhiwei Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Germination Potential ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Drop Rate ◽  
Radicle Length

Soil salinization is the main abiotic stress factor affecting agricultural production worldwide, and salt stress has a significant impact on plant growth and development. Cotton is one of the most salt-tolerant crops. Therefore, the selection and utilization of salt-tolerant germplasm resources and the excavation of salt resistance genes play important roles in improving cotton production in saline–alkali soils. In this study, we analysed the population structure and genetic diversity of a total 149 cotton plant materials including 137 elite Gossypium hirsutum cultivar accessions collected from China and 12 elite Gossypium hirsutum cultivar accessions collected from around the world. Illumina Cotton SNP 70 K was used to obtain genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 149 elite Gossypium hirsutum cultivar accessions, and 18,430 highly consistent SNP loci were obtained by filtering. It was assessed by using PCA principal component analysis so that the 149 elite Gossypium hirsutum cultivar accessions could be divided into two subgroups, including subgroup 1 with 78 materials and subgroup 2 with 71 materials. Using the obtained SNP and other marker genotype test results, under salt stress, the salt tolerance traits 3d Germination potential, 3d Radicle length drop rate, 7d Germination rate, 7d Radicle length drop rate, 7d Germination weight, 3d Radicle length, 7d Radicle length, Relative Germination potential, Relative Germination rate, 7d Radicle weight drop rate, Salt tolerance index 3d Germination potential index, 3d Radicle length index, 7d Radicle length index, 7d Radicle weight index and 7d Germination rate index were evaluated by GWAS (genome-wide association analysis). A total of 27 SNP markers closely related to the salt tolerance traits and 15 SNP markers closely related to the salt tolerance index were detected. At the SNP locus associated with phenotyping, Gh_D01G0943, Gh_D01G0945, Gh_A01G0906, Gh_A01G0908, Gh_D08G1308 and Gh_D08G1309 related to plant salt tolerance were detected, and they were found to be involved in intracellular transport, sucrose synthesis, osmotic pressure balance, transmembrane transport, N-glycosylation, auxin response and cell amplification. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant upland cotton varieties.

scholarly journals Determination of salt tolerance levels and genetic relationships of Vicia sativa cultivars using gene targeted functional markers

2022 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskender Tiryaki ◽  
Nuray Isidogru
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Germination Stage

The objectives of the present study were to determine salt tolerance levels of 12 different common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) cultivars at germination stage in the presence of 250 mM NaCl and to reveal genetic relationships based on gene targeted functional markers (GTFMs) associated with salt tolerance. The results revealed the presence of a significant genetic variation among the cultivars although s alt stress significantly reduced all germination parameters tested. The cultivar Ozveren was the most salt tolerant with 20.1% reduction in final germination percentage compared to control seeds while cultivars Alınoglu, Ayaz and Bakir did not germinate. The maximum delays in germination rate (G50 = 3.78 days) and synchrony (G10-90 = 3.45 days) were obtained from the cultivars Urkmez and Ozveren, respectively. The GTFMs provided a total of 53.1% polymorphism. The primers of MtSOS2 gene gave the highest numbers of alleles per primer pair while the highest polymorphism rate (77.8%) was obtained from the MtP5CS gene. The first three components of principal component analysis explained 57.63% of total variation. This study concluded that the cultivars determined to be salt tolerant and sensitive at germination stage distributed into three main clades determined by UPGMA analysis while the GTFMs associated with salt tolerance successfully determined the genetic relationships of common vetch cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Salt Tolerance at Germination Stage in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waltram Second Ravelombola ◽  
Ainong Shi ◽  
Yuejin Weng ◽  
John Clark ◽  
Dennis Motes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index ◽  
Germination Stage

Cowpea is a leguminous and versatile crop which provides nutritional food for human consumption. However, salinity unfavorably reduces cowpea seed germination, thus significantly decreasing cowpea production. Little has been done for evaluating and developing salt-tolerant cowpea genotypes at germination stage. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the response of cowpea genotypes to salinity stress through seed germination rate and to select salt-tolerant cowpea genotypes. The seed germination rates under nonsalt condition and salinity stress (150 mm NaCl) were evaluated in 151 cowpea genotypes. Four parameters, absolute decrease (AD), the inhibition index (II), the relative salt tolerance (RST), and the salt tolerance index (STI) were used to measure salt tolerance in cowpea. The results showed that there were significant differences among the 151 cowpea genotypes for all parameters (P values <0.0001). The AD in germination rate was 5.8% to 94.2%; the II varied from 7.7% to 100%; the RST ranged from 0 to 0.92; and STI varied from 0 to 0.92. A high broad sense heritability (H2) was observed for all four parameters. High correlation coefficients (r) were estimated among the four parameters. PI582422, 09–529, PI293584, and PI582570 were highly salt tolerant at germination stage. In addition, genotypes from the Caribbean and Southern Asia exhibited better tolerance to salinity, whereas those from Europe and North America were the most salt-susceptible.

INFLUENCE OF SALINITY TOLERANCE GENES ON SELECTIVELY VALUABLE TRAITS OF DURUM WHEAT LINES

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
А. Z. Shikhmuradov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Saline Medium

The studies were carried out at the Dagestan experimental station of All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR). The material for the study was hybrids from the first to fifth generations, as well as plants of backcross progeny on saline (Khoshmenzil) and normal (VIR) backgrounds. The work was carried out under irrigation conditions on the following soils: 1. Meadow chestnut, slightly saline medium and heavy loamy (central farmstead). The degree of salinity in the 0 - 50 cm layer is weak, in 50 - 75 cm – only occasionally average, ph level – 7.8 - 8.4. 2. Meadow-chestnut strongly saline medium-solonetzic medium loamy (site "Khoshmenzil"). The soils are highly saline throughout the profile. The type of salinity in the upper layer is chloride-sulfate, in the lower horizons – sulfate-chloride. Among the traits considered, the most variable were the number of grains and the weight of grain per ear. According to these features the lines selected from the combinations k-31542 x k-15061, k-16470 x k-15061 were distinguished. According to the coarse-grained on a saline background were distinguished hybrid lines k-46718 x k-40194, k-58732 x k-50092 x k-50092 and k-58732 x k-46718 x k-46718. Hybrid forms are a valuable starting material for breeding salt-tolerant high-yielding durum wheat varieties. In our view, the selection of salt-tolerant wheat varieties for specific growing should be based on identifying and studying the most effective alleles of the genes that determine this trait conditions in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Salinity Tolerance of Prairie Junegrass, a Potential Low-maintenance Turfgrass Species

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Eric Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Salt Tolerant

Prairie junegrass (Koeleria macrantha) is a perennial, cool-season, native grass that has shown potential for use as a turfgrass species in the northern Great Plains; however, limited information is available on its salt tolerance. In this study, salinity tolerance of four junegrass populations from North America (Colorado, Minnesota, Nebraska, and North Dakota) and two improved turf-type cultivars from Europe (‘Barleria’ and ‘Barkoel’) was evaluated and compared with kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina), hard fescue (F. brevipila), and tall fescue (F. arundinacea). Salinity tolerance was determined based on the predicted salinity level causing 50% reduction of final germination rate (PSLF) and daily germination rate (PSLD) as well as electrolyte leakage (EL), tissue dry weight (DW), and visual quality (VQ) of mature plants. All populations of prairie junegrass showed similar salt tolerance with an average of PSLF and PSLD being 7.1 and 5.3 g·L−1 NaCl, respectively, comparable to kentucky bluegrass and hard and sheep fescue but lower than tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Larger variations were observed in VQ in the junegrasses compared with EL and DW, in which ‘Barleria’ from the European population showed the highest VQ, following two salt-tolerant grasses, tall fescue and sheep fescue. Nebraska population was the least salt-tolerant within the species but still exhibited similar or higher tolerance than kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass cv. Arctic Green. Overall, junegrass was more salt-sensitive during germination but more tolerant to salinity when mature. Salinity tolerance of junegrass may be further improved through turfgrass breeding because salinity tolerance varied in different populations.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Identification of miRNAs and Their Target mRNAs in Wheat Variety Qing Mai 6 Under Salt Stress Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan He ◽  
Zhen Han ◽  
Huayan Yin ◽  
Fan Chen ◽  
Yihuan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Target Mrnas

Soil salinization is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect the yield and quality of crops such as wheat, a leading cereal crop worldwide. Excavating the salt-tolerant genes and exploring the salt tolerance mechanism can help breeding salt-tolerant wheat varieties. Thus, it is essential to identify salt-tolerant wheat germplasm resources. In this study, we carried out a salt stress experiment using Qing Mai 6 (QM6), a salt-tolerant wheat variety, and sequenced the miRNAs and mRNAs. The differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in salt stress conditions were compared with the control. As results, a total of eight salt-tolerance-related miRNAs and their corresponding 11 target mRNAs were identified. Further analysis revealed that QM6 enhances salt tolerance through increasing the expression level of genes related to stress resistance, antioxidation, nutrient absorption, and lipid metabolism balance, and the expression of these genes was regulated by the identified miRNAs. The resulting data provides a theoretical basis for future research studies on miRNAs and novel genes related to salt tolerance in wheat in order to develop genetically improved salt-tolerant wheat varieties.

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