scholarly journals 3D AGSE-VNet: an automatic brain tumor MRI data segmentation framework

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Guan ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Jianming Ye ◽  
Weiji Yang ◽  
Xiaomei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Tumor Segmentation ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Data Segmentation ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
Segmentation Framework ◽  
Tumor Mri

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common brain malignant tumor, with a high morbidity rate and a mortality rate of more than three percent, which seriously endangers human health. The main method of acquiring brain tumors in the clinic is MRI. Segmentation of brain tumor regions from multi-modal MRI scan images is helpful for treatment inspection, post-diagnosis monitoring, and effect evaluation of patients. However, the common operation in clinical brain tumor segmentation is still manual segmentation, lead to its time-consuming and large performance difference between different operators, a consistent and accurate automatic segmentation method is urgently needed. With the continuous development of deep learning, researchers have designed many automatic segmentation algorithms; however, there are still some problems: (1) The research of segmentation algorithm mostly stays on the 2D plane, this will reduce the accuracy of 3D image feature extraction to a certain extent. (2) MRI images have gray-scale offset fields that make it difficult to divide the contours accurately. Methods To meet the above challenges, we propose an automatic brain tumor MRI data segmentation framework which is called AGSE-VNet. In our study, the Squeeze and Excite (SE) module is added to each encoder, the Attention Guide Filter (AG) module is added to each decoder, using the channel relationship to automatically enhance the useful information in the channel to suppress the useless information, and use the attention mechanism to guide the edge information and remove the influence of irrelevant information such as noise. Results We used the BraTS2020 challenge online verification tool to evaluate our approach. The focus of verification is that the Dice scores of the whole tumor, tumor core and enhanced tumor are 0.68, 0.85 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusion Although MRI images have different intensities, AGSE-VNet is not affected by the size of the tumor, and can more accurately extract the features of the three regions, it has achieved impressive results and made outstanding contributions to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of brain tumor patients.

scholarly journals Surveillance of influenza A H1N1 2009 among school children during 2009 and 2010 in São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Baltazar Guatura ◽  
Aripuana Sakurada Aranha Watanabe ◽  
Clarice Neves Camargo ◽  
Ana Maria Passos ◽  
Sheila Negrini Parmezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

INTRODUCTION: Influenza A H1N1 2009 is associated with a high morbidity rate among children around the world, including Brazil. This survey was conducted on samples of symptomatic children (< 12 years) to investigate the influenza virus as the etiological agent of respiratory infections in a day care school in a health facility during the first and second pandemic wave of H1N1 (2009-2010) in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Influenza infections were determined by real-time PCR in 34% (47/137) of children with a median age of 5 years (8 months - 12 years), from June to October 2009 and in 16% (14/85) of those with median age of 6 years (1-12 years), from March to November 2010. RESULTS: In general, most positive cases (64%) occurred in children aged 5-12 years, this age group was significantly the most affected (39.8%, p = 0.001, OR = 8.3, CI 95% 1.9-36.9). Wheezing was reported by 31% (19/61) and dyspnea by 23% (14/61) of the studied patients. An outbreak of influenza H1N1 with an attack rate of 35.7% among children (median age 6 years) was documented in April 2010, before the vaccination campaign against the pandemic virus was extended for children up to 5 years in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the study reinforces the recommendation to immunize school children to reduce the incidence of the disease.

scholarly journals A Survey and Analysis on Automated Glioma Brain Tumor Segmentation and Overall Patient Survival Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal Agravat ◽  
Mehul Raval
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Brain Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Overall Survival Prediction

<div>Glioma is the most deadly brain tumor with high mortality. Treatment planning by human experts depends on the proper diagnosis of physical symptoms along with Magnetic Resonance(MR) image analysis. Highly variability of a brain tumor in terms of size, shape, location, and a high volume of MR images makes the analysis time-consuming. Automatic segmentation methods achieve a reduction in time with excellent reproducible results.</div><div>The article aims to survey the advancement of automated methods for Glioma brain tumor segmentation. It is also essential to make an objective evaluation of various models based on the benchmark. Therefore, the 2012 - 2019 BraTS challenges database evaluates state-of-the-art methods. The complexity of tasks under the challenge has grown from segmentation (Task1) to overall survival prediction (Task 2) to uncertainty prediction for classification (Task 3). The paper covers the complete gamut of brain tumor segmentation using handcrafted features to deep neural network models for Task 1. The aim is to showcase a complete change of trends in automated brain tumor models. The paper also covers end to end joint models involving brain tumor segmentation and overall survival prediction. All the methods are probed, and parameters that affect performance are tabulated and analyzed.</div>

scholarly journals Brain Tumor Segmentation in MRI Images using Convolution Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2051-2054
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Brain Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Brain

Medical image processing is an important task in current scenario as more and more humans are diagnosed with various medical issues. Brain tumor (BT) is one of the problems that is increasing at a rapid rate and its early detection is important in increasing the survival rate of humans. Detection of tumor from Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) of brain is very difficult when done manually and also time consuming. Further the tumors assume different shapes and may be present in any portion of the brain. Hence identification of the tumor poses an important task in the lives of human and it is necessary to identify its exact position in the brain and the affected regions. The proposed algorithm makes use of deep learning concepts for automatic segmentation of the tumor from the MRI brain images. The algorithm is implemented using MATLAB and an accuracy of 99.1% is achieved.

Automated Early Detection of Astrocytomas Tumor Based on Optimized Adaptive Cluster with Super Pixel Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (06n08) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Deepak ◽  
R. Sarath
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Dice Coefficient ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimization ◽  
Brain Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Better Than

In the medical image-processing field brain tumor segmentation is aquintessential task. Thereby early diagnosis gives us a chance of increasing survival rate. It will be way much complex and time consuming when comes to processing large amount of MRI images manually, so for that we need an automatic way of brain tumor image segmentation process. This paper aims to gives a comparative study of brain tumor segmentation, which are MRI-based. So recent methods of automatic segmentation along with advanced techniques gives us an improved result and can solve issue better than any other methods. Therefore, this paper brings comparative analysis of three models such as Deformable model of Fuzzy C-Mean clustering (DMFCM), Adaptive Cluster with Super Pixel Segmentation (ACSP) and Grey Wolf Optimization based ACSP (GWO_ACSP) and these are tested on CANCER IMAGE ACHRCHIEVE which is a preparation information base containing High Grade and Low-Grade astrocytoma tumors. Here boundaries including Accuracy, Dice coefficient, Jaccard score and MCC are assessed and along these lines produce the outcomes. From this examination the test consequences of Grey Wolf Optimization based ACSP (GWO_ACSP) gives better answer for mind tumor division issue.

scholarly journals Unsafe abortion among secondary school girls in a local authority in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Matthias G. Abah ◽  
Emem E. Bassey ◽  
Emmanuel B. Edu ◽  
Okupa D. Ovie
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Dilation And Curettage ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Background: Voluntary abortion for social reasons is illegal in Nigeria; however, the practice remains mostly clandestine and unsafe with varying consequences and determinants yet to be studied in all settings.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence, practice and determinants of termination of pregnancy amongst 119 female Secondary School students in South-South Nigeria.Results: The prevalence of abortion was 57.1%. Most of the students were above 18years (58.8%), Christian (95.8%) and of rural residence (66.4%). While 58.8% had experienced an unwanted pregnancy, 61.4% had used some form of contraceptive with condom being the commonest (39.5%). Most (89.1%) have heard of abortions while 67.6% and 16.2% have had abortions once and twice respectively with the top reasons for abortion being that they were still in school (33.8%), too young (25.9%) and to avoid shame or stigma associated with the pregnancy (11.7%). Dilation and curettage was the predominant method employed (40.2%) mainly by medical doctors (34.1% and pharmacists (35.6%) while 51 (75%) had post-abortal complaints such as pain (41.2%) and bleeding (21.6%). There was a significant association between having an abortion and place of residence (rural more than urban), (p=0.04), being pregnant more than once (p<0.001), mothers` level of education (p=0.03), fathers` level of education (p=0.02) and mothers occupation (p=0.04).Conclusions: The prevalence of abortion is high and complicated by high morbidity rate despite a higher contraceptive prevalence rate whose major determinants were the socio-demographic characteristics of the parents. There is a need for early sex education from parents as this can influence abortion perception and practice in later years.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis: Present and Future

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Voge ◽  
Enrique Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Risk Ratios

The global incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) appears to be increasing. Although it may not be associated with a high mortality rate, this disease has a high morbidity rate which affects the quality of life of patients and reduces their ability to do their activities of daily living. Thankfully, the development of novel disease modifying therapies continues to increase. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have become a mainstay of MS treatment and they are likely to continue to be developed for the treatment of this disease. Specifically, MABs have proven to be some of the most efficacious treatments at reducing relapses and the inflammation in MS patients, including the first treatment for primary progressive MS and are being explored as reparative/remyelinating agents as well. These relatively new treatments will be reviewed here to help evaluate their efficacy, adverse events, immunogenicity, and benefit-risk ratios in the treatment of the diverse spectrum of MS. The focus will be on MABs that are currently approved or may be approved in the near future.

scholarly journals The Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin in Japanese Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nishimura ◽  
Haruichi Kohno ◽  
Hideaki Nagai ◽  
Daisuke Maruoka ◽  
Yuichi Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Power Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

AbstractIn Japan, tuberculosis has been recognized as one of the major infections requiring urgent measures because of its high morbidity rate even now especially in elderly people suffering from tuberculosis during the past epidemic and its reactivation. Hence, many Japanese clinicians have made efforts to suppress the onset of tuberculosis and treat it effectively. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify covariate(s) that may explain the variation of rifampicin, which is the key antitubercular agent, under the steady-state by evaluating its population pharmacokinetics and (2) to propose an appropriate dosing method of rifampicin to Japanese patients. For this purpose, serum concentration–time data were obtained from 138 patients receiving rifampicin (300–450 mg) and isoniazid (300–400 mg) every day over 14 days, and analyzed using nonlinear mixed effects model. Thereby, population pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated followed by elucidating relations between the parameters and statistical factors. The analysis adopted one-compartment model including Lag-time by assuming that the absorption process is 0+1st order. The analyses demonstrate that meal affected the bioavailability, primary absorption rate constant, and zero order absorption time in the constructed model. A body weight calculated from the power model was selected as the covariate by the Stepwise Covariate Model method and found to highly affect the clearance in the range from −31.6% to 47.4%. We conclude that the dose in Japanese tuberculous patients can be well estimated by the power model formula and should be taken into consideration when rifampicin is administered.

High morbidity rate after converted laparoscopic colorectal surgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1406-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Slim ◽  
D. Pezet ◽  
Y. Riff ◽  
E. Clark ◽  
J. Chipponi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

scholarly journals Analysis Of Heart Decrease In Hypertension Patients With Karotis Artery Massage

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asnidar ◽  
Tenriwati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Heart Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Hypertension is a disease that causes a high morbidity rate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the decrease in heart rate of hypertensive patients before and after doing massage on the carotid artery at the Bontobangun Public Health Center. design with population and sample that is all hypertension patients in Public Health Center of Bonto Public Health Center as many as 30 people. The sampling technique used was accidentaly sampling. The results of this study were in the pre-test there were 17 people (56.7%) who were in the category of moderate heart rate, 13 people (43.3%) high heart rate, in the post-test there were 25 people (83.3%) who had moderate heart rate , and 5 people (16.7%) had high heart rates. The conclusion of this study is that there is a decrease in heart rate of hypertension patients after carotid artery massage in public polyclinic public clinics at Bonto Wake with a value of p = 0.008 <α = 0.05. suggestions from this study are so that the results of this study can add a reference regarding carotid artery massage to decrease heart rate in patients with hypertension in the general poly bontobangun puskesmas.

scholarly journals SPINK7 Expression Changes Accompanied by HER2, P53 and RB1 may be Potential Biomarkers to Predict Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Molecular Level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Penachiotti ◽  
Fabio Valdez ◽  
Wilfredo A González-Arriagada ◽  
Hector F Montes ◽  
Judith Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Abstract Background. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects more than 300,000 patients annually worldwide with a high morbidity rate (37.8%). Several tumor biomarkers have been suggested to anticipate outcome but results were poor. Changes of SPINK7 and associated proteins in precancerous oral lesions could lead to genomic instability and promote oncogenesis. Our aim was to evaluate SPINK7as apotential molecular biomarkerpredictive of OSCC stages, compared with well-known molecules altered in cancer: HER2,TP53, RB1, NFKB and CYP4B1. Methods.Oral biopsies from patientswith dysplasia (n=33), less invasive(n=28) andhighly invasiveOSCC (n=18) were collected. 20 cases with a clinical suspicion but normal mucosa confirmedwere included ascontrol. Gene expression of SPINK7, P53,RB, NFKBand CYP4B1 were quantified by qPCR.SPINK7 levels were correlated with a cohort of 330 patients from the TCGA. Also,SPINK7, HER2, TP53, and RB1, were evaluated by immunohistofluorescence. One-way Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hocwith a p<0.05 significance were used to data analyze.Results.In OSCC, SPINK7wasdown regulated andP53, RB, NFKB and CYP4B1were up regulatedrespect tothe others groups (p<0.001). Also,SPINK7 expressionwasdiminished in patients of TCGA(p=2.10e-6). In less invasive OSCC,SPINK7 and HER2 proteinswere decreasedandTP53 and RB1 significantly increasedrespect todysplasia and highly invasivegroups (p<0.05).Conclusion. Our results suggest that SPINK7changes accompanied of HER2, P53 and RB1 can be used to classify the molecular stage of epithelial oral lesion inthe OSCC, allowing a more accuratediagnosis to molecular and histopathological level.

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