Physical inactivity in early pregnancy and the determinants in an urban city setting of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract Background Physical inactivity in pregnancy has been associated with excessive gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum depression. Despite these risks, physical inactivity level remains high especially in higher income countries. The prevalence of physical inactivity among women in Malaysia aged ≥16 years was 28.2% in 2019 exceeding men by 6.1%. However, little is known regarding the subpopulation of pregnant women especially in Kuala Lumpur which is the most urbanized and highly populated city in Malaysia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the physical inactivity prevalence among first trimester pregnant women in Kuala Lumpur and to identify its determining factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 339 first trimester pregnant women were sampled from 13 maternal and child health clinics located in all four parliament districts of Kuala Lumpur. Self-administered questionnaires which contained the Malay version of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) were used. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the physical inactivity prevalence followed by simple and multiple logistic regression to identify the determinants of physical inactivity with significant level of 5%. Results The prevalence of physical inactivity was 38.3%. The highest activity was seen in the household activity domain, despite only 24.8% of the respondents were housewives/unemployed. There was little to no participation observed in the vigorous intensity category. The determinants of physical inactivity were primigravida (aOR 3.54 95% CI 1.40, 8.97), education level (aOR 3.77 95% CI 1.35, 10.52) and body mass index (aOR 0.88 95% CI 0.80, 0.97) which explained 22.6% variation of physical inactivity in the final adjusted model. Conclusion The prevalence of physical inactivity among first trimester pregnant mothers in this study was 38.3%, and the highest activity was seen in the household category. Health education on physical activity in pregnancy should be focused on those who are primigravida and have no tertiary education. The educational content should be updated and tailored to current pandemic situation where self-isolation is the new norm, by advocating for home-based, moderate to vigorous intensity physical activities.

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Cross-sectional study to assess etiology and associated factors for anaemia during first trimester of pregnancy in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka: a protocol

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.28226.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 223

Author(s):

Gayani Amarasinghe ◽

Vasana Mendis ◽

Thilini Agampodi

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Data Collection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy, which can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, is a significant global health problem. Despite Sri Lanka’s strong public health system and commitment towards prevention, maternal anaemia remains a major problem in the country. While prevention is focused on iron deficiency, detailed etiological studies on this topic are scarce. Moreover, estimates of socio demographic and economic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy, which can provide important clues for anaemia control, are also lacking. This study aims to evaluate the hemoglobin distribution, spatial distribution, etiology and associated factors for anaemia in pregnant women in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of pregnant women in their first trimester registered for antenatal care from July to September 2019 in the Anuradhapura district. The minimal sample size was calculated to be 1866. Initial data collection has already been carried out in special field clinics for pregnant women between June to October 2019. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, a self-completed dietary questionnaire and an examination checklist were used for data collection. In addition, all participants underwent complete blood count testing. Further investigations are being conducted for predicting the etiology of anaemia based on a developed algorithm (such as high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and peripheral blood film analysis). Discussion: Being the largest study on anaemia during pregnancy in a single geographical area in Sri Lanka, this study will provide important clues about geographical clustering of anaemia cases with similar etiology, associated factors and etiologies which would help to develop interventions to improve the health of pregnant women in the area. The possibility of selection bias is a potential limitation associated with the study design.

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Barriers to Physical Activity Among Pregnant Women During Pregnancy

International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) ◽

10.31344/ijhhs.v5i0.314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Fatima Aslam ◽

Karimah Hanim Abd Aziz ◽

Nurjasmine Aida Jamani ◽

Razman Mohd Rus

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epigastric Discomfort ◽

Primary Health ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Co-morbidities such as obesity, gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy can be dangerous to the mother and foetus. Regular physical activity during pregnancy not only maintains maternal and foetal wellbeing, but it also maintains physical fitness and brings various health benefits. However, many women reduce their physical activity levels during pregnancy.Objectives: Thus, this study aimed to identify the barriers that could prevent pregnant mothers from doing physical activities.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 168 pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years between gestational age 12 to 35 weeks in a primary health clinic in Kuantan, Pahang. Their socio-demographic characteristics were recorded, and barriers for physical activity assessed through a set of pre-tested questionnaire.Descriptive statisticswere used to describe the sociodemographiccharacteristics and the barriers.Results: The mean (SD) age was 28.0 (3.6) and majority of them were of Malay ethnicity from B40 group. Two thirds (74.4%) had tertiary education and 66.7% were working mothers. More than half (53.0%) of the participants wereoverweight and obese.Moreover, 58% of the participants had leg cramp and 63.1% felt fatigue. Almost 80.4% had backache and 46.4% had epigastric discomfort.Conclusion: Barriers such as leg cramp, backache, fatigue and epigastric discomfort could prevent pregnant women from conducting physical activities. Opportunistic recommendation by physician and concerns on the physical activity should be addressed.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S23

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Assessment of Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy

Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjnm.v19i2.35864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Mohammad Saifur Rahman ◽

Sadia Sultana ◽

Ayesha Nazneen

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are commonly observed in pregnancy. Thyroid hormones play an important role in embryogenesis and fetal development. The fetus is completely dependent on the mother for thyroid hormone in first trimester. About 10% of all pregnant women can be affected by thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Thyroid function abnormalities in pregnancy are a challenge for the concerned physicians. The objective of this study was to assess the maternal thyroid function in first trimester of pregnancy.Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka over a period of one year from January 2013 to December 2013 to see the serum FT3, FT4, TSH, thyroid antibodies level and common thyroid disorders in pregnancy. A total of 138 pregnant women in their first trimester (up to 12 weeks) of pregnancy with an age range of 18-35 years were enrolled in this study. Pregnant women with known thyroid disorder and on treatment and pregnancy more than three months were excluded. Measurement of serum FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti TPO-Ab and Anti TG-Ab were done in each patient at the time of enrolment. Ultrasonography of each patient was done for confirmation of pregnancy and correlation of gestational age.Results: Among 138 pregnant women, subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 10 (7.2%) patients and subclinical hyperthyroidism was detected in 3 (2.2%) patients. Mean difference of the investigation findings were not statistically significant among primi and multi gravida. TPO-Ab and TG-Ab difference were statistically significant between two age groups.Conclusion: Subclinical thyroid disorders are fairly high among pregnant women. Correct diagnosis in early pregnancy and prompt treatment will bring an excellent prognosis for both mother and offspring.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 98-102, July 2016

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Assessment of physical activity status among pregnant women in southwestern China

Frontiers of Nursing ◽

10.2478/fon-2019-0020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ya-Nan Yin ◽

Yan Huang ◽

Xing-Hui Liu ◽

Bi-Ru Luo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Chinese Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exercise During Pregnancy

Abstract Objective To assess the patterns and intensities of physical activity among pregnant women in southwestern China, which help us create a fitness regimen based on the 2002 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines for exercise during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to recruit pregnant women at a prenatal checking visit clinic with the self-administered Chinese version of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Results A total of 1179 Chinese pregnant women were enrolled, of whom 92.60% were classified as not meeting the ACOG guidelines. By intensity, 47.36% of the score was attributed to light-intensity activities (1.5 to <3.0 metabolic equivalent [MET]) in the first trimester; the other 2 trimesters were similar. By patterns, about 45.15% of the score was attributed to inactivity. More than 82.35% of enrolled pregnant women regarded slowly walking as the most common type of exercise during pregnancy. Conclusions This study represents a group of Chinese women who maintained an inactive lifestyle, including low-intensity activities and unitary type of exercises during their pregnancy. Health-care providers are advised to provide appropriate physical activity guidelines to pregnant women. Development of MET-hours/week recommendations is warranted to promote greater physical activity during pregnancy.

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FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN TERHADAP CARA MENGATASI MUAL MUNTAH PADA KEHAMILAN TRIMESTER I

JOMIS (Journal of Midwifery Science) ◽

10.36341/jomis.v4i2.1317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

Nelfi Sarlis

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Center ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

First Trimester ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Knowledge Variable ◽

In Pregnancy

Every pregnant woman in the first trimester experiences nausea and vomiting. This situation is natural and often occurs in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Nausea usually occurs in the morning, this case can occur almost 50% of pregnant wowen and many occur at 6-12 weeks. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women on how to cope with vomiting nausea in pregnancy trimester 1 in the work area of Payung Sekaki health center in Pekanbaru. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross sectional, so that the number of samples obtained was 71 respondents. Sampling used consecutive sampling technique, nominal and ordinal measuring scales, questionnaire research instruments and univariate and bivariate data collection. Based on the results of the chi square test obtained the knowledge variable is related to how to overcome nausea and vomiting with p = 0.008 where the value of α <0.1 then, Ha accepted means there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women on how to cope with nausea vomiting while the variable obtained p=0,000 where the value of α<0,1 in the working area of payung sekaki health center in Pekanbaru in 2019. Advised to puskesmas payung sekaki pekanbaru to try to increase public knowledge abaout nausea vomiting in pregnancy and the attitude of pregnant women to overcome nause and vomiting. By providing counseling to pregnant women abaout nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

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Malaria Detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method in Pregnant Women’s Saliva on Several Hospitals in North Sulawesi Province

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v36i1.279 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Dewanto Khrisnamurti

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

In Pregnancy

Objective: To detect malaria by PCR examination of saliva in pregnant women and to obtain the incidence of malaria and the type of plasmodium causing malaria in pregnant women at various hospital in North Sulawesi. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study in pregnant women during antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital in Manado, R.W. Monginsidi Hospital in Manado, Bethesda Hospital in Tomohon, and Datoe Binangkang Hospital in Kotamobagu, from 1 April until 31 May 2008. Result: There were 43 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with malaria, 23 (53.49%) by PCR examination of saliva and 20 (46.59%) by blood smears. From 23 cases of malaria in pregnancy detected by PCR, there were 18 diagnosed as tropical malaria, 3 tertian malaria, and 2 mixed malaria. Conclusions: The incidence of malaria in pregnancy at various hospital in North Sulawesi using PCR methods for saliva examination from April 1 - May 31 2008 is 53.49%. In this study malaria are mostly caused by Plasmodium falciparum with the largest incidence in primigravida, in the first trimester. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-1:14-9] Keywords: malaria, PCR, pregnancy, saliva

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Preventive and Curative treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Mali: Evaluation of the Healthcare Professionals based on the Malian National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) Guidelines

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i5-s.5092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5-S) ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

Mahamadou BALLO ◽

Karim Traoré ◽

Samou Sidibé ◽

Seidina Diakité ◽

Abdoulaye Guindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Malaria Transmission ◽

Control Program ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Antimalarial Drugs ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

In Pregnancy

Malaria infections in pregnancy should be treated promptly with safe and efficacious antimalarial drugs to prevent harmful effects on the mother and fetus. To succeed, the Malian has developed NMCP guidelines for the management of malaria cases in pregnant women. The study aimed at the analysis of the prescription of antimalarial drugs based on the Mali's NMCP guidelines. We conducted a cross-sectional study during malaria transmission season from June to August 2020. The sampling concerned all prescriptions for pregnant women containing at least one antimalarial drug. The frequency of prescription of antimalarial drugs was 85%. 132 (74.16%) were preventive treatments and 46 (25.84%) curative treatments. 30 (90.91%) of pregnant women in the first trimester received one dose of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine. 6 (12.5%) received three doses in the third trimester. Of the 46 antimalarial drugs prescribed for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, 30 (65.22%) were Artemether-lumefantrine (tablet), 10 (21.74%) were Quinine (tablet). 29 (63.04%) were compliant with NMCP guidelines and 17 (36.96%) were not. The non-compliances concerned 3 prescriptions of Artemether-lumefantrine in the first trimester, 3 and 5 prescriptions of Quinine (tablet) in the second and third trimester respectively and at the end 2 and 4 non-compliances respectively for the prescription of injectable dosage forms of Quinine and Artesunate. This study showed a great noncompliance with the Mali's NMCP guidelines in the prescription of antimalarial in pregnant women. Chemoprophylaxis should be prohibited in the first trimester. Keywords: Curative and Preventive Treatment, Malaria in Pregnancy, Malaria Transmission, Mali

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Sedentary lifestyle among adolescents living in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP)

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.v29.9539 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 403-409

Author(s):

Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo ◽

Adriana L Louro ◽

Ieda RL Del Ciampo ◽

Ivan S Ferraz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Public Schools ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Short Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

The City

Introduction: Physical inactivity has been pointed out as one of the major public health problems of the 21st century and the benefits of the regular practice of physical activity during adolescence are important for the biological process of growth and development. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents enrolled in schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP). Methods: From September 1 to November 30, 2013, a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study was conducted with adolescents enrolled in 14 state schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP) using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, short version. Results: A total of 535 adolescents participated, 35% of them boys and 65% girls; 65% were 10 to 14 years old and 35% were 15 to 19 years old; 52.3% studied in the evening period and 10.3% worked part time on a daily basis. Regarding the level of physical activity, 15.5% of the boys and 24.1% of the girls were classified as sedentary (p>0.05). 60.4% of the boys performed physical activity of vigorous intensity, while 56.3% of the girls showed preference for physical activity of low or moderate intensity (p=0.03). The girls aged 15 to 19 years spent more time sitting during the week, while the girls aged 10 to 14 years were less active during the weekend. 24.2% of the girls aged 10 to 14 years who studied during the morning period and 13.7% of the boys and 18% of the girls who studied during the evening period were classified as sedentary. Conclusion: High rates of sedentary lifestyle were observed among adolescents enrolled in state (or public?) schools in Ribeirão Preto (Brazil). Girls presented higher rates of sedentary lifestyle than boys. Boys performed physical activity of vigorous intensity more frequently than girls. The older girls had higher rates of physical inactivity (hours spent in the sitting position) during the week days compared to the younger ones, while the latter spent more time in physical inactivity during the weekend.

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Factors Associated with the Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during the First Trimester of the Pregnancy: The Cross-Sectional Study among Pregnant Women in Serbia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jovana Todorovic ◽

Zorica Terzic-Supic ◽

Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic ◽

Pavle Piperac ◽

Stefan Dugalic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Background: The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy include lower maternal weight gain, a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes, low back pain, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, caesarian delivery, and macrosomia. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with insufficient leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during the first trimester. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, between January and June of 2018. The final analyses included 162/175 pregnant women. The questionnaire was used to obtain social characteristics, pregnancy, and lifestyle characteristics (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System—PRAMS), pre-pregnancy LTPA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire—IPAQ), and LTPA during the first trimester (Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire—PPAQ). Women were classified into two groups of sufficient and insufficient LTPA during the first trimester based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: A total of 27.2% of the women had insufficient LTPA during pregnancy. Insufficient LTPA during pregnancy was associated with <12 years of education (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.05–5.04), self-rated financial status as poor (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.79), and hours spent walking before pregnancy (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99). Conclusions: Our results can help direct health care professionals advice for women who are planning pregnancy towards walking as it seems to be sustained during pregnancy.

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Depression in Pregnancy and Its Association with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in 4 Cities of China

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1107-1107

Author(s):

Chenlu Yang ◽

Ai Zhao ◽

HangLian Lan ◽

Fengzhen Xie ◽

Peiyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Depression Scale ◽

First Trimester ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depression In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the depression in pregnancy and its association with fruit and vegetable consumption in 4 cities of China. Methods A total of 382 eligible participants from 4 cities were recruited. Depression was defined as a score of >9.5 based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data on fruit and vegetable consumption in the past month was obtained using a Semi-Food Intake Frequencies Questionnaire. Consumption of fruit and vegetable amount was transformed to tertiles (T1: lowest, T2: medium, T3: highest) respectively. Sociodemographic and health-related information was collected by a self-administrated questionnaire. The associations of fruit and vegetable consumption and depression were estimated by logistic regression models after adjusting for maternal age, education, per capita family food expenditures, gestational weeks and parity. Results The percentage of depression during pregnancy was 26.8%, of which the highest was 34.4% in the first trimester and the lowest was 21.9% in the second trimester. The percentage of depression decreased with maternal age (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97). According to the recommendation of Chinese Balanced Dietary Pagoda, 22.0% and 72.4% of pregnant women did not consume appropriate amount of fruit and vegetable, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, ORs (95% CIs) for the 1st and 2nd tertile of fruit consumption compared with the 3rd tertile were: 0.88 (95% CI: 0.46, 1.70) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.31, 1.02) respectively; ORs (95% CIs) for the 1st and 2nd tertile of vegetable consumption compared with the 3rd tertile were: 1.98 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.73) and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.36, 5.20) respectively. Conclusions The present study suggested that depression was a common mental health disorder among pregnant women and vegetable consumption inversely associated with depression during pregnancy in 4 cities of China. Funding Sources This study was supported by the Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd.

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