scholarly journals Covid-19 and gender: lower rate but same mortality of severe disease in women—an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Raimondi ◽  
◽  
Luca Novelli ◽  
Arianna Ghirardi ◽  
Filippo Maria Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Gender-related factors might affect vulnerability to Covid-19. The aim of this study was to describe the role of gender on clinical features and 28-day mortality in Covid-19 patients. Methods Observational study of Covid-19 patients hospitalized in Bergamo, Italy, during the first three weeks of the outbreak. Medical records, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings upon admission and treatment have been collected. Primary outcome was 28-day mortality since hospitalization. Results 431 consecutive adult patients were admitted. Female patients were 119 (27.6%) with a mean age of 67.0 ± 14.5 years (vs 67.8 ± 12.5 for males, p = 0.54). Previous history of myocardial infarction, vasculopathy and former smoking habits were more common for males. At the time of admission PaO2/FiO2 was similar between men and women (228 [IQR, 134–273] vs 238 mmHg [150–281], p = 0.28). Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) assistance was needed in the first 24 h more frequently in male patients (25.7% vs 13.0%; p = 0.006). Overall 28-day mortality was 26.1% in women and 38.1% in men (p = 0.018). Gender did not result an independent predictor of death once the parameters related to disease severity at presentation were included in the multivariable analysis (p = 0.898). Accordingly, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis in female and male patients requiring CPAP or non-invasive ventilation in the first 24 h did not find a significant difference (p = 0.687). Conclusion Hospitalized women are less likely to die from Covid-19; however, once severe disease occurs, the risk of dying is similar to men. Further studies are needed to better investigate the role of gender in clinical course and outcome of Covid-19.

scholarly journals What is the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with idiopathic tinnitus?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2983
Author(s):  
Suleyman Erdogdu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cochlear Blood Flow ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender

Background: Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that results from imbalanced and overfeeding as well as sedentary life. Elevated blood lipid levels can affect cochlear blood flow and fluidity, leading to decreased hearing and tinnitus. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between tinnitus and dyslipidemia by investigating the blood lipoprotein values of patients with tinnitus.Methods: The lipid profiles of the patients with idiopathic tinnitus who were selected among the patients who applied to Istanbul Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of tinnitus between January 2019 and May 2020 were examined. The test results and age and gender distributions were compared with control groups without tinnitus complaints and statistical evaluation was performed.Results: Hypercholesterolemia in 42% of 6472 patients with idiopathic tinnitus, 18% low HDL, 50% high LDL, Hyperlipidemia was detected in 21%. 1942 (30%) of these patients were male; 4530 (70%) are women. The number of patients in the control group without tinnitus was 6470. Hypercholesterolemia in 49% of this group; 21% low HDL, 42% high LDL, 16% hyperlipidemia was detected. In this control group, 1950 (30%) of the patients were male and 4520 (70%) were female. Cholesterol of male and female patients with tinnutus. When the cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride values of HDL and LDL values and female and male patients in the control group were examined, a statistically significant difference was found (p <0.005). No statistically significant difference was found between HDL values of female and male patients with tinnutus and HDL values of female and male patients in the control group (P> 0.05).Conclusions: There is a statistically relationship between tinnitus and dyslipidemia. The presence of dyslipidemia is vital due to atherosclerosis caused by dyslipidemia, especially coronary artery involvement. Therefore, dyslipidemia should be treated as it causes many diseases.

scholarly journals Role of platelet distribution width and plateletcrit in assessment of nonthrombocytopenic preeclampsia and eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1996
Author(s):  
Kirtirekha Mohapatra ◽  
Pranati Mohanty ◽  
Nahida Nigar Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Platelet Distribution Width ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Platelet Indices

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. A decreased platelet count is observed during the progression of preeclampsia, and is considered a marker of the severity of preeclampsia. Considering the role of the PDW, PCT and platelet indices during the disease, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using platelet indices as a severity marker for PE.Methods: This was a prospective, observational study, hospital-based study, from 2017-19 with 400 pregnant women being included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, through antenatal clinic, and labour room of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, S. C. B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.Results: Study found that platelet count and plateletcrit showed a significant negative correlation with MAP whereas platelet distribution width showed a maximum positive correlation. In the preeclampsia group, subjects with PCT <0.22% were at risk of developing severe disease with a sensitivity of 53.5% and a high specificity of 85.5%. The AUC of 0.75 showed that it has a good predictability. In the eclampsia group, subjects with PCT <0.16% had a risk of developing severe disease with a sensitivity of 89.5% and specificity of 73.7%. The AUC 0.9 shows PCT to be a good predictor for assessing severity of eclampsia.Conclusions: This study suggests that platelet distribution width and plateletcrit are useful in risk evaluation of preeclampsia. These are a valid measurement tool to predict the severe progression of PE even when normal platelet counts are observed.

scholarly journals Does Pulmonary Embolism Differ Between Genders in Terms of Clinical, Laboratory Findings, Prognosis and Mortality?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damla Serçe Unat ◽  
Aysu Ayrancı ◽  
Gulru Polat ◽  
Gülistan Karadeniz ◽  
Fatma Demirci Üçsular ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a disease that mortal and hardly diagnosed. Since findings of PTE are nonspesific diagnosed can be so hard sometimes. Major risk factors are malignancy, immobility, previous surgery, thrombophilia, advanced age, and genetic factors. Studies on the relationship between gender and prognosis in PTE have very different results. In this study, we aimed to evaluate gender differences in terms of prognosis, intensive care admission, laboratory, and radiological tests. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 348 patients diagnosed with Acute PTE between January 2012 and December 2015. All of these patients were patients who applied to the emergency department of our center, which is a third step chest diseases hospital. We used the PTE guideline jointly designed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) for prognosis classifications. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 62.7, while the male patients were younger. Women's sPESI scores and mean ages were observed higher than men. Although women had more bad prognostic factors, no significant difference was found between both genders in terms of early mortality. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although there is a difference between mean age and simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) scores; no difference in early mortality between men and women. Gender studies in PTE are an area that is open to new studies, since the studies conducted on this subject give quite different results and these results may affect the follow-up protocols.

The Role of Deceptive Communication and Gender in Shaping Online Dating Interactions

2019 ◽  
pp. 460-474
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Deceptive Communication

Online dating is becoming an increasingly used method for meeting significant others. As the research of lying behavior has advanced so has the technique of detecting the act of lying, especially in the online environment where deception is more likely to happen. The aim of this chapter is to simplify the perception of lying behavior to the general population and examine gender differences of lying behavior, namely, to verify whether one can observe a statistically significant difference in the speech behavior and exploitation of lying cues among men and women. The study shows correlation between gender and deception in online environment.

scholarly journals Bend it like Beckham or fix them like Florence—proportional representation of healthcare in New Year honours: an observational study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6721
Author(s):  
John A Emelifeonwu ◽  
James E Hazelwood ◽  
Oscar Nolan ◽  
Emma Sharland ◽  
Anna O’Donald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
To Receive

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the proportional representation of healthcare workers in receipt of New Year honours (NYHs) with workers in other industries and to determine whether the NYH system has gender or geographical biases.DesignObservational study of the UK honours system with a comparative analysis of proportional representation of the UK workforce and subgroup analyses of gender and geographical representations.ParticipantsRecipients of NYHs from 2009 to 2018.Main outcome measuresAbsolute risk of receiving an NYH based on industry, gender, or region of the UK. Relative risk of receiving an NYH for services to healthcare compared with other industries.Results10 989 NYHs were bestowed from 2009 to 2018, 47% of which were awarded to women. 832 awards (7.6%) were for services to healthcare. People working in sport and in the arts and media were more likely to receive NYHs than those working in healthcare (relative risks of 22.01 (95% confidence interval 19.91 to 24.34) and 5.84 (5.31 to 6.44), respectively). There was no significant difference between the rate of receiving honours for healthcare and for science and technology (P=0.22). 34% (3741) of awards were issued to people living in London and in the southeast of England, and only 496 of 1447 (34%) higher order awards (knighthoods, damehoods, companions of honour, and commanders of the order of the British empire) were received by women.ConclusionsIn relation to the size of its workforce, a career in healthcare is not as “honourable” as careers in certain other industries. Geographical and gender biases might exist in the honours system.

scholarly journals Increased DJ-1 in Urine Exosome of Korean Males with Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hwan Ho ◽  
Sanghak Yi ◽  
Hyemyung Seo ◽  
Ilhong Son ◽  
Wongi Seol
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Urine Exosomes ◽  
Potential Use

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a difficult disease to diagnose although it is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies show that exosome isolated from urine contains LRRK2 or DJ-1, proteins whose mutations cause PD. To investigate a potential use for urine exosomes as a tool for PD diagnosis, we compared levels of LRRK2,α-synuclein, and DJ-1 in urine exosomes isolated from Korean PD patients and non-PD controls. LRRK2 and DJ-1, but notα-synuclein, were detected in the urine exosome samples, as reported previously. We initially could not detect any significant difference in these protein levels between the patient and the control groups. However, when age, disease duration, L-dopa daily dose, and gender were considered as analytical parameters, LRRK2 and DJ-1 protein levels showed clear gender-dependent differences. In addition, DJ-1 level was significantly higher (1.7-fold) in male patients with PD than that in male non-PD controls and increased in an age-dependent manner in male patients with PD. Our observation might provide a clue to lead to a novel biomarker for PD diagnosis, at least in males.

scholarly journals Prior Routine Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Important Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilidh Bruce ◽  
Fenella Barlow-Pay ◽  
Roxanna Short ◽  
Arturo Vilches-Moraga ◽  
Angeline Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes acute lung injury, resulting from aggressive inflammation initiated by viral replication. There has been much speculation about the potential role of non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which increase the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a binding target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cell, which could lead to poorer outcomes in COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between routine use of NSAIDs and outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. This was a multicentre, observational study, with data collected from adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to eight UK hospitals. Of 1222 patients eligible to be included, 54 (4.4%) were routinely prescribed NSAIDs prior to admission. Univariate results suggested a modest protective effect from the use of NSAIDs, but in the multivariable analysis, there was no association between prior NSAID use and time to mortality (adjusted HR (aHR) = 0.89, 95% CI 0.52–1.53, p = 0.67) or length of stay (aHR 0.89, 95% CI 0.59–1.35, p = 0.58). This study found no evidence that routine NSAID use was associated with higher COVID-19 mortality in hospitalised patients; therefore, patients should be advised to continue taking these medications until further evidence emerges. Our findings suggest that NSAID use might confer a modest benefit with regard to survival. However, as this finding was underpowered, further research is required.

scholarly journals Predictive Role of F2-Isoprostanes as Biomarkers for Brain Damage after Neonatal Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Stolwijk ◽  
P. M. A. Lemmers ◽  
M. Y. A. van Herwaarden ◽  
D. C. van der Zee ◽  
F. van Bel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Predictive Role

Objective. Neonates have a high risk of oxidative stress during anesthetic procedures. The predictive role of oxidative stress biomarkers on the occurrence of brain injury in the perioperative period has not been reported before. Methods. A prospective cohort study of patients requiring major surgery in the neonatal period was conducted. Biomarker levels of nonprotein-bound iron (NPBI) in plasma and F2-isoprostane in plasma and urine before and after surgical intervention were determined. Brain injury was assessed using postoperative MRI. Results. In total, 61 neonates were included, median gestational age at 39 weeks (range 31–42) and weight at 3000 grams (1400–4400). Mild to moderate brain lesions were found in 66%. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant difference between plasma NPBI in patients with nonparenchymal injury versus no brain injury: 1.34 umol/L was identified as correlation threshold for nonparenchymal injury (sensitivity 67%, specificity 91%). In the multivariable analysis, correcting for GA, no other significant relation was found with the oxidative stress biomarkers and risk factors. Conclusion. Oxidative stress seems to occur during anaesthesia in this cohort of neonates. Plasma nonprotein-bound iron showed to be associated with nonparenchymal injury after surgery, with values of 1.34 umol/L or higher. Risk factors should be elucidated in a more homogeneous patient group.

Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction of Bank Officers: Role of Type of Organization and Gender

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Job Involvement ◽  
Private Bank ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Officers

The main objective of the present study was to examine and compare the level of job involvement and job satisfaction of public and private bank officers. A 2X2 Factorial design was used to study the role of organization and gender on job involvement and job satisfaction The sample of the study comprised of forty bank officers who were divided into two groups of organization i.e. private banks (n=20) and government banks (n=20), these subjects were further divided into two sub-groups based on genders, males (n-10) and females (n=10) included in equal number. Results revealed significant differences between public and private bank officers and males and females and were in line with all the hypotheses on all the variables. The main findings were: (1) the public and private sector bank officers differed significantly on the variable of job involvement as the mean value of private sector bank officers was significantly higher as compared to public sector bank officers. (2) There was a significant difference for gender on the variable of job involvement. The female officers reported higher level of job involvement as compared to their counterparts viz. males of both the sectors irrespective of their organizations. (3) There was a significant difference for groups on the variable of job satisfaction. The job satisfaction of private sector bank officers was significantly higher as compared to public sector bank officers. (4) There was a significant difference for gender on the variable of job satisfaction. The female officers of both the sectors reported significantly higher level of job satisfaction to that of males.

The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of surgically resected primary pulmonary salivary gland-type carcinomas.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21009-e21009
Author(s):  
Moustafa Younis ◽  
Sunpreet Rakhra ◽  
Kevin F Kennedy ◽  
Jessica K Heimes ◽  
John Russell Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gland Type

e21009 Background: Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type carcinomas (PSGC) are rare tumors. There are limited data on the role of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of these tumors. Here, we examine the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of resected PSGC. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried to identify patients with PSGC who underwent surgical resection. Histology codes 8200- adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), 8430- mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 8550- acinic cell carcinoma (AIC) and 8551- adenocarcinoma, acinar predominant were used. Patients were divided based on chemotherapy status. Summary and univariate analysis was performed. Multivariable proportional hazard regression analyses were used to obtain hazard ratios (HR). Results: A total of 6685 patients, with a mean (±SD) age of 66.1 ± 11.0 years, were included; 4148 (62%) were females. Most patients were Caucasian (84%). Chemotherapy was administered in 1141 patients (17%); multiagent chemotherapy: n = 1034 (91%). AIC was the most common subtype (n = 6302, 94%) followed by MEC (n = 304, 4.6%) and ACC (n = 73, 1.1%). Patients who received chemotherapy were younger (64.0 ± 9.0 vs 66.5 ± 11.3; p < 0.001), otherwise, there was no significant difference in baseline demographics. Unadjusted 5-year survival for stage I PSGC was significantly lower in the chemotherapy arm (60.5% vs 72%, p < 0.001). Chemotherapy did not improve survival in resected stage II or III PSGC. Overall survival was inferior with chemotherapy on multivariable analysis (adjusted HR: 1.32, 95%CI (1.13-1.55), p = 0.0006). Older age, male gender, positive margins, higher clinical stage, comorbidities, rural population and pneumonectomy were associated with lower overall survival (Table). Conclusions: Contrary to previous studies AIC is the most common tumor type among PSGC. Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with worse survival in resected PSGC and current guidelines for administering adjuvant chemotherapy in resected lung cancer is inadequate for this population. [Table: see text]

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