scholarly journals Development and applications of a monoclonal antibody against caprine interferon-gamma

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Tao Ma ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Meng-Xia Ning ◽  
Yu-Xu Qi ◽  
Saad Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Orf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fusion Tag ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important mediator of type I immune response and has antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties, plays a wide range of roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to obtain monoclonal antibody (mAb) against caprine IFN-γ by immunizing of BALB/c mice with the purified rIFN-γ. Results Recombinant caprine IFN-γ was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) and monoclonal antibodies against caprine IFN-γ were produced by immunizing of BALB/c mice with rIFN-γ. One hybridoma secreting mAb was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which was designated as 2C. MAb secreted by this cell line were analyzed through ELISA, western blot and application of the mAb was evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis using goat lip tissues infected with Orf virus. ELISA analysis revealed that mAb 2C can specifically recognize rIFN-γ protein and culture supernatant of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) but cannot recognize the fusion tag protein of pET-32a. Western blot analysis showed that mAb 2C can specifically react with the purified 34.9 kDa rIFN-γ protein but does not react with the fusion tag protein of pET-32a. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that mAb 2C can detect IFN-γ secreted in histopathological sites of goats infected with Orf virus. Conclusions A caprine IFN-γ-specific mAb was successfully developed in this study. Further analyses showed that the mAb can be used to detect IFN-γ expression level during contagious ecthyma in goats.

scholarly journals PRRSV Vaccine Strain-Induced Secretion of Extracellular ISG15 Stimulates Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Antiviral Response against PRRSV

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Bingjun Shi ◽  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Bao Zhao ◽  
Guangming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Porcine Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Type I ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Isg15 Expression

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has disrupted the global swine industry since the 1980s. PRRSV-host interactions are largely still unknown but may involve host ISG15 protein. In this study, we developed a monoclonal antibody (Mab-3D5E6) specific for swine ISG15 (sISG15) by immunizing mice with recombinant sISG15. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) incorporating this sISG15-specific Mab was developed to detect sISG15 and provided a lower limit of sISG15 detection of 200 pg/mL. ELISA results demonstrated that infection of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) with low-virulence or attenuated PRRSV vaccine strains induced intracellular ISG15 expression that was independent of type I IFN production, while PAMs infection with a PRRSV vaccine strain promoted extracellular ISG15 secretion from infected PAMs. Conversely, the addition of recombinant sISG15 to PAMs mimicked natural extracellular ISG15 effects whereby sISG15 functioned as a cytokine by activating PAMs. Once activated, PAMs could inhibit PRRSV replication and resist infection with PRRSV vaccine strain TJM. In summary, a sandwich ELISA incorporating homemade anti-ISG15 Mab detected ISG15 secretion induced by PAMs infection with a PRRSV vaccine strain. Recombinant ISG15 added to cells exhibited cytokine-like activity that stimulated PAMs to assume an anti-viral state that enabled them to inhibit PRRSV replication and resist viral infection.

scholarly journals Safety Profile of a Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Targeting Self-Protein Interleukin-5 in Horses

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigridur Jonsdottir ◽  
Victoria Fettelschoss ◽  
Florian Olomski ◽  
Stephanie C. Talker ◽  
Jelena Mirkovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an eosinophilic allergic dermatitis of horses caused by type I/IVb reactions against mainly Culicoides bites. The vaccination of IBH-affected horses with equine IL-5 coupled to the Cucumber mosaic virus-like particle (eIL-5-CuMVTT) induces IL-5-specific auto-antibodies, resulting in a significant reduction in eosinophil levels in blood and clinical signs. Objective: the preclinical and clinical safety of the eIL-5-CuMVTT vaccine. Methods: The B cell responses were assessed by longitudinal measurement of IL-5- and CuMVTT-specific IgG in the serum and plasma of vaccinated and unvaccinated horses. Further, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the same horses were re-stimulated in vitro for the proliferation and IFN-γ production of specific T cells. In addition, we evaluated longitudinal kidney and liver parameters and the general blood status. An endogenous protein challenge was performed in murine IL-5-vaccinated mice. Results: The vaccine was well tolerated as assessed by serum and cellular biomarkers and also induced reversible and neutralizing antibody titers in horses and mice. Endogenous IL-5 stimulation was unable to re-induce anti-IL-5 production. The CD4+ T cells of vaccinated horses produced significantly more IFN-γ and showed a stronger proliferation following stimulation with CuMVTT as compared to the unvaccinated controls. Re-stimulation using E. coli-derived proteins induced low levels of IFNγ+CD4+ cells in vaccinated horses; however, no IFN-γ and proliferation were induced following the HEK-eIL-5 re-stimulation. Conclusions: Vaccination using eIL-5-CuMVTT induces a strong B-cell as well as CuMVTT-specific T cell response without the induction of IL-5-specific T cell responses. Hence, B-cell unresponsiveness against self-IL-5 can be bypassed by inducing CuMVTT carrier-specific T cells, making the vaccine a safe therapeutic option for IBH-affected horses.

scholarly journals Depressed Interleukin-12 (IL-12), but not IL-18, Production in Response to a 30- or 32-Kilodalton Mycobacterial Antigen in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4477-4484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hwa Song ◽  
Hwa-Jung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Kyu Park ◽  
Jae-Hyun Lim ◽  
Un-Ok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigen ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The secreted 30-kDa antigen (Ag) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly stimulates Th1-type protective cytokine responses in healthy tuberculin reactors but not in patients with active tuberculosis (TB). To examine the cytokine profiles attributable to Th1 suppression associated with active TB, interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and IL-10 production in response to a 30- or 32-kDa Ag in 16 patients with active pulmonary TB and 24 healthy controls was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In TB patients, production of IL-12 p40, as well as gamma interferon (IFN-γ), by 30- or 32-kDa Ag-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly decreased compared with that in healthy tuberculin reactors. There were no significant differences in IL-18 production between patients and controls early during stimulation (16 h). However, PBMC from patients showed significantly enhanced IL-18 proteins after 96 h of stimulation. Similarly, higher IL-10 production was observed in the TB patients than in healthy tuberculin reactors. After 2 months of anti-TB therapy, the mean IFN-γ and IL-12 p40 production and the mean blastogenic responses were significantly increased in PBMC in the 10 TB patients who were followed up. Our findings provide evidence that depressed IL-12 in response to the 30- or 32-kDa Ag is involved in the immunopathogenesis of human active pulmonary TB.

scholarly journals Fulminant H1N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections with a 4-year interval without an identifiable underlying cause: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terese L. Katzenstein ◽  
Sofie E. Jørgensen ◽  
Jann Mortensen ◽  
Marie Helleberg ◽  
Anna Kalhauge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Genetic Changes

Abstract Background The clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is highly variable from asymptomatic infection to fulminant disease. The reasons for the variation are only starting to unravel, with risk factors including age and certain comorbidities as well as genetic defects causing immunological perturbations in the interferon pathways. Case presentation We report the case of an otherwise healthy Caucasian man, who at ages 60 and 64 years suffered from severe H1N1 influenza virus infection and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections, respectively. In both cases, there were acute kidney impairment and the need for intensive care unit admission as well as mechanical ventilation. Fortunately, after both infections there was full clinical recovery. The severity of the infections indicates an underlying impairment in the ability to control these kinds of infections. Challenge of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed impaired type I and III antiviral interferon responses and reduced interferon-stimulated gene expression. However, despite investigation of patient samples by whole exome sequencing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, no known disease-causing genetic variants related to interferon pathways were found, nor were interferon autoantibodies demonstrated. Thus, any underlying immunological cause of this unusual susceptibility to severe viral infections remains unresolved. Conclusion The patient experienced very similar severe clinical pictures triggered by H1N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections, indicating an underlying inability to contain these infections. We were unable to show that the patient had any of the currently known types of immune incompetence but identified genetic changes possibly contributing to the severe course of both infections. Further analyses to delineate contribution factors are needed.

scholarly journals Effects of caffeoylxanthiazonoside on airway inflammation in an allergic asthma mice model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-766
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiaowen Che ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Ifn Γ

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory effects of caffeoylxanthiazonoside (CYT) on airway inflammation in mice and its mechanism of action. Methods: An allergic asthma mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection and aerosol nebulization with ovalbumin (OVA). After treatment with CYT, the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from the mice. The leukocytes were classified and counted with Giemsa solution. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum levels of IgE, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ in the BALF of mice. Lung tissues were obtained from the mice and MUC5AC protein expression was measured by western blot. Results: CYT significantly decreased the serum level of IgE in asthmatic mice. Inflammatory cells in BALF of mice were markedly reduced (p < 0.05) by CYT treatment at varying doses (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Treatment with CYT also significantly suppressed the cytokines of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and increased the IFN-γ in the BLAF of OVA-induced allergic asthma mice (p < 0.05). Western blot results indicate that CYT treatment significantly decreased the expression of MUC5AC protein in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. In addition, no significant effects on the body weight of the mice were found after CYT treatment. Conclusion: Caffeoylxanthiazonoside inhibits airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice by altering Th1/Th2 via re-balancing of related cytokines and downregulation of lung MUC5AC protein expression. Therefore, this compound can potentially be developed for the therapeutic management of inflammation in allergic asthma.

scholarly journals Glycoproteins From Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via TLR4/NF-κB Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-qi Ren ◽  
Hui-jun Wang ◽  
Hai-yan Zhu ◽  
Guan Ye ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Tnf Α

Background and Aims:Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for various inflammatory diseases. This present work aimed to investigate the protective effects of R. japonica var. glaucocalyx glycoproteins on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the potential mechanism.Methods: Glycoproteins (XPS) were isolated from R. japonica var. glaucocalyx, and homogeneous glycoprotein (XPS5-1) was purified from XPS. ANA-1 cells were used to observe the effect of glycoproteins on the secretion of inflammatory mediators by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry assay, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blot analysis were performed to detect macrophage polarization in vitro. The ALI model was induced by LPS via intratracheal instillation, and XPS (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically 2 h later. The mechanisms of XPS against ALI were investigated by Western blot, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry.Results:In vitro, XPS and XPS5-1 downregulated LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators production including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) and upregulated LPS-induced IL-10 secretion. The LPS-stimulated macrophage polarization was also modulated from M1 to M2. In vivo, XPS maintained pulmonary histology with significantly reducing protein concentration and numbers of mononuclear cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The level of IL-10 in BALF was upregulated by XPS treatment. The level of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was downregulated. XPS also decreased infiltration of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in lung. XPS suppressed the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway.Conclusion: XPS was demonstrated to be a potential agent for treating ALI. Our findings might provide evidence supporting the traditional application of R. japonica var. glaucocalyx in inflammation-linked diseases.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Calves after Infection with the Genogroup II.4-HS66 Strain of Human Norovirus

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1777-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Souza ◽  
M. S. P. Azevedo ◽  
K. Jung ◽  
S. Cheetham ◽  
L. J. Saif
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT We previously characterized the pathogenesis of two host-specific bovine enteric caliciviruses (BEC), the GIII.2 norovirus (NoV) strain CV186-OH and the phylogenetically unassigned NB strain, in gnotobiotic (Gn) calves. In this study we evaluated the Gn calf as an alternative animal model to study the pathogenesis and host immune responses to the human norovirus (HuNoV) strain GII.4-HS66. The HuNoV HS66 strain caused diarrhea (five/five calves) and intestinal lesions (one/two calves tested) in the proximal small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) of Gn calves, with lesions similar to, but less severe than, those described for the Newbury agent 2 (NA-2) and NB BEC. Viral capsid antigen was also detected in the jejunum of the proximal small intestine of one of two calves tested by immunohistochemistry. All inoculated calves shed virus in feces (five/five calves), and one/five had viremia. Antibodies and cytokine (proinflammatory, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]; Th1, interleukin-12 [IL-12] and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]; Th2, IL-4; Th2/T-regulatory, IL-10) profiles were determined in serum, feces, and intestinal contents (IC) of the HuNoV-HS66-inoculated calves (n = 5) and controls (n = 4) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the acute (postinoculation day 3 [PID 3]) and convalescent (PID 28) stages of infection. The HuNoV-HS66-specific antibody and cytokine-secreting cells (CSCs) were quantitated by ELISPOT in mononuclear cells of local and systemic tissues at PID 28. Sixty-seven percent of the HuNoV-HS66-inoculated calves seroconverted, and 100% coproconverted with immunoglobulin A (IgA) and/or IgG antibodies to HuNoV-HS66, at low titers. The highest numbers of antibody-secreting cells (ASC), both IgA and IgG, were detected locally in intestine, but systemic IgA and IgG ASC responses also occurred in the HuNoV-HS66-inoculated calves. In serum, HuNoV-HS66 induced higher peaks of TNF-α and IFN-γ at PIDs 2, 7, and 10; of IL-4 and IL-10 at PID 4; and of IL-12 at PIDs 7 and 10, compared to controls. In feces, cytokines increased earlier (PID 1) than in serum and TNF-α and IL-10 were elevated acutely in the IC of the HS66-inoculated calves. Compared to controls, at PID 28 higher numbers of IFN-γ and TNF-α CSCs were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) or spleen and Th2 (IL-4) CSCs were elevated in intestine; IL-10 CSCs were highest in spleen. Our study provides new data confirming HuNoV-HS66 replication and enteropathogenicity in Gn calves and reveals important and comprehensive aspects of the host's local (intestine and MLN) and systemic (spleen and blood) immune responses to HuNoV-HS66.

scholarly journals Expression of Interferon Gamma by a Recombinant Rabies Virus Strongly Attenuates the Pathogenicity of the Virus via Induction of Type I Interferon

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryll A. Barkhouse ◽  
Samantha A. Garcia ◽  
Emily K. Bongiorno ◽  
Aurore Lebrun ◽  
Milosz Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTPrevious animal model experiments have shown a correlation between interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression and both survival from infection with attenuated rabies virus (RABV) and reduction of neurological sequelae. Therefore, we hypothesized that rapid production of murine IFN-γ by the rabies virus itself would induce a more robust antiviral response than would occur naturally in mice. To test this hypothesis, we used reverse engineering to clone the mouse IFN-γ gene into a pathogenic rabies virus backbone, SPBN, to produce the recombinant rabies virus designated SPBNγ. Morbidity and mortality were monitored in mice infected intranasally with SPBNγ or SPBN(−) control virus to determine the degree of attenuation caused by the expression of IFN-γ. Incorporation of IFN-γ into the rabies virus genome highly attenuated the virus. SPBNγ has a 50% lethal dose (LD50)more than 100-fold greater than SPBN(−).In vitroandin vivomouse experiments show that SPBNγ infection enhances the production of type I interferons. Furthermore, knockout mice lacking the ability to signal through the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR−/−) cannot control the SPBNγ infection and rapidly die. These data suggest that IFN-γ production has antiviral effects in rabies, largely due to the induction of type I interferons.IMPORTANCESurvival from rabies is dependent upon the early control of virus replication and spread. Once the virus reaches the central nervous system (CNS), this becomes highly problematic. Studies of CNS immunity to RABV have shown that control of replication begins at the onset of T cell entry and IFN-γ production in the CNS prior to the appearance of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, antibody-deficient mice are able to control but not clear attenuated RABV from the CNS. We find here that IFN-γ triggers the early production of type I interferons with the expected antiviral effects. We also show that engineering a lethal rabies virus to express IFN-γ directly in the infected tissue reduces rabies virus replication and spread, limiting its pathogenicity in normal and immunocompromised mice. Therefore, vector delivery of IFN-γ to the brain may have the potential to treat individuals who would otherwise succumb to infection with rabies virus.

scholarly journals Protective Killed Leptospira borgpetersenii Vaccine Induces Potent Th1 Immunity Comprising Responses by CD4 and γδ T Lymphocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7550-7558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Naiman ◽  
David Alt ◽  
Carole A. Bolin ◽  
Richard Zuerner ◽  
Cynthia L. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Leptospira Borgpetersenii ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo is the most common cause of bovine leptospirosis and also causes zoonotic infections of humans. A protective killed vaccine against serovar hardjo was shown to induce strong antigen-specific proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from vaccinated cattle by 2 months after the first dose of vaccine. This response was absent from nonvaccinated control cattle. The mean response peaked by 2 months after completion of the two-dose vaccination regimen, and substantial proliferation was measured in in vitro cultures throughout the 7 months of the study period. Variations in magnitude of the response occurred among the vaccinated animals, but by 7 months postvaccination there was a substantial antigen-specific response with PBMC from all vaccinated animals. Up to one-third of the PBMC from vaccinated animals produced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) after 7 days in culture with antigen, as ascertained by flow cytometric analysis, and significant levels of IFN-γ were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that one-third of the IFN-γ-producing cells were γδ T cells, with the remaining cells being CD4+ T cells. The significance of this study is the very potent Th1-type immune response induced and sustained following vaccination with a killed bacterial vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide and the involvement of γδ T cells in the response. Moreover, induction of this Th1-type cellular immune response is associated with the protection afforded by the bovine leptospiral vaccine against L. borgpeterseniiserovar hardjo.

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