scholarly journals Difference in oral microbial composition between chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetic nephropathy

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxue Zhang ◽  
Wenyan Liu ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Structural Composition ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Abstract Background To investigate the difference in the structural composition of salivary flora between chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Thirty salivary samples of 15 chronic periodontitis patients with DN (DN group) and 15 chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes but without DN (DM group) were subjected to pyrosequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16 s ribosomal RNA genes. After diversity testing, the differential flora were analyzed. The sequencing results were compared with GenBank database to determine the type of differential flora using species composition analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal co-ordinate analysis, and species difference analysis. Results There were significant between-group differences with respect to Gemella, Selenomonas spp, Lactobacillales_unclassified, Bacteria-unclassified and Abiotrophia (p < 0.05). Compared with DM group, the relative abundance of Selenomonas spp. in DN group was significantly higher; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Selenomonas spp. was 0.713 (P < 0.05). Multi-level biological identification and feature maps indicated that Selenomonas spp. might be used as a potential biomarker for DN patients. On binary logistic regression analysis, increase of Selenomonas spp. was related with DN. Conclusions We found significant between-group differences in the structural composition of oral flora. The increase in the relative abundance of Selenomonas spp. may be associated with DN in patients with chronic periodontitis.

scholarly journals Metatranscriptomic analysis of colonic microbiota’s functional response to different dietary fibers in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Rongying Xu ◽  
Menglan Jia ◽  
Yong Su ◽  
Weiyun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Colonic Microbiota

Abstract Background Dietary fibers are widely considered to be beneficial to health as they produce nutrients through gut microbial fermentation while facilitating weight management and boosting gut health. To date, the gene expression profiles of the carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that respond to different types of fibers (raw potato starch, RPS; inulin, INU; pectin, PEC) in the gut microbes of pigs are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the functional response of colonic microbiota to different dietary fibers in pigs through metatranscriptomic analysis. Results The results showed that the microbial composition and CAZyme structure of the three experimental groups changed significantly compared with the control group (CON). Based on a comparative analysis with the control diet, RPS increased the abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium and Alloprevotella but decreased Sutterella; INU increased the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Rhodococcus but decreased Bacillus; and PEC increased the relative abundance of the Streptococcus and Bacteroidetes groups but decreased Clostridium, Clostridioides, Intestinibacter, Gemmiger, Muribaculum and Vibrio. The gene expression of CAZymes GH8, GH14, GH24, GH38, GT14, GT31, GT77 and GT91 downregulated but that of GH77, GH97, GT3, GT10 and GT27 upregulated in the RPS diet group; the gene expression of AA4, AA7, GH14, GH15, GH24, GH26, GH27, GH38, GH101, GT26, GT27 and GT38 downregulated in the INU group; and the gene expression of PL4, AA1, GT32, GH18, GH37, GH101 and GH112 downregulated but that of CE14, AA3, AA12, GH5, GH102 and GH103 upregulated in the PEC group. Compared with the RPS and INU groups, the composition of colonic microbiota in the PEC group exhibited more diverse changes with the variation of CAZymes and Streptococcus as the main contributor to CBM61, which greatly promoted the digestion of pectin. Conclusion The results of this exploratory study provided a comprehensive overview of the effects of different fibers on nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota and CAZymes in pig colon, which will furnish new insights into the impacts of the use of dietary fibers on animal and human health.

scholarly journals Impact of the gut microbiome on the atorvastatin-dependent modulation of the serum lipidome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Roessler ◽  
F Zimmermann ◽  
D Schmidt ◽  
U Escher ◽  
A Jasina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Atorvastatin Treatment ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Regulatory Properties

Abstract Background and aims The modulation of serum lipids, in particular of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), by statins varies between individuals. The mechanisms regulating this interindividual variation are only poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relation between the gut microbiome and the regulatory properties of atorvastatin on the serum lipidome using mice with depleted gut microbiome. Methods Over a period of 6 weeks, mice (C57BL/6) with either an intact (conventional mice, CONV, n=24) or antibiotic-based depleted gut microbiome (antibiotic treated mice, ABS, n=16) were put on standard chow diet (SCD) or high fat diet (HFD), respectively. During the last 4 weeks of treatment atorvastatin (Ator, 10mg/kg body weight/day) or control vehicle was administered via daily oral gavage. Blood lipids (total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL-C, HDL-C) and serum sphingolipids were compared among the groups. The expressions of hepatic and intestinal genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Alterations in the gut microbiota profile of mice with intact gut microbiome were examined using 16S RNA qRT-PCR. Results In CONV mice, HFD led to significantly increased blood LDL-C levels as compared with SCD (HFD: 36.8±1.4 mg/dl vs. SCD: 22.0±1.8 mg/dl; P&lt;0.01). In CONV mice atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced blood LDL-C levels after HFD, whereas in ABS mice the LDL-C lowering effect of atorvastatin was markedly attenuated (CONV+HFD+Ator: 31.0±1.8 mg/dl vs. ABS+HFD+Ator: 46.4±3 mg/dl; P&lt;0.01). A significant reduction in the abundance of several plasma lipids, in particular sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids upon atorvastatin treatment was observed in CONV mice, but not in ABS mice. The expressions of distinct hepatic and intestinal cholesterol-regulating genes (ldlr, srebp2, pcsk9 and npc1l1) upon atorvastatin treatment were significantly altered in gut microbiota depleted mice. In response to HFD a decrease in the relative abundance of the bacterial phyla Bacteroides and an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes was observed. The altered ratio between Bacteroides and Firmicutes in HFD fed mice was partly reversed upon atorvastatin treatment. Conclusions Our findings indicate a crucial role of the gut microbiome for the regulatory properties of atorvastatin on the serum lipidome and, in turn, support a critical impact of atorvastatin on the gut microbial composition. The results provide novel insights into potential microbiota related mechanisms underlying interindividual variation in modulation of the serum lipidome by statins, given interindividual differences in microbiome composition and function. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): German Heart Research Foundation

Correlation of salivary neopterin and plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pteridines ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Fenol ◽  
V.R. Swetha ◽  
Sajitha Krishnan ◽  
Jayachandran Perayil ◽  
Rajesh Vyloppillil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractNeopterin is a novel predictor for coronary events especially in diabetic patients and also an indicator for the effectiveness of the periodontal treatment. In this study, we assessed whether salivary neopterin can be used as a potential biomarker in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Forty subjects between 25 and 75 years of age and who matched the criteria were selected and divided into four groups. Their periodontal status was evaluated. Stimulated whole saliva and blood were collected for analysis of salivary neopterin and fibrinogen and HbA1c levels, respectively. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was carried out. Patients were recalled after 3 months, and the same procedure was repeated. A reduction in all the parameters was seen after treatment in all the four groups. Salivary neopterin levels showed significant difference (p<0.001) in the values between the study groups and the control group before treatment. After 3 months of treatment, salivary neopterin levels showed a statistical significant reduction (p<0.001) in all the study groups. Neopterin could serve as an effective tool to assess the inflammatory process related to periodontitis and diabetes mellitus and also predict future cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarahi L. Garcia ◽  
Anna J. Szekely ◽  
Christoffer Bergvall ◽  
Martha Schattenhofer ◽  
Sari Peura
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Microbial Composition

ABSTRACT Climate change scenarios anticipate decreased spring snow cover in boreal and subarctic regions. Forest lakes are abundant in these regions and substantial contributors of methane emissions. To investigate the effect of reduced snow cover, we experimentally removed snow from an anoxic frozen lake. We observed that the removal of snow increased light penetration through the ice, increasing water temperature and modifying microbial composition in the different depths. Chlorophyll a and b concentrations increased in the upper water column, suggesting activation of algal primary producers. At the same time, Chlorobiaceae, one of the key photosynthetic bacterial families in anoxic lakes, shifted to lower depths. Moreover, a decrease in the relative abundance of methanotrophs within the bacterial family Methylococcaceae was detected, concurrent with an increase in methane concentration in the water column. These results indicate that decreased snow cover impacts both primary production and methane production and/or consumption, which may ultimately lead to increased methane emissions after spring ice off. IMPORTANCE Small lakes are an important source of greenhouse gases in the boreal zone. These lakes are severely impacted by the winter season, when ice and snow cover obstruct gas exchange between the lake and the atmosphere and diminish light availability in the water column. Currently, climate change is resulting in reduced spring snow cover. A short-term removal of the snow from the ice stimulated algal primary producers and subsequently heterotrophic bacteria. Concurrently, the relative abundance of methanotrophic bacteria decreased and methane concentrations increased. Our results increase the general knowledge of microbial life under ice and, specifically, the understanding of the potential impact of climate change on boreal lakes.

scholarly journals 2628. Nasopharyngeal Microbiome in the First Weeks of Life Distinguishes Infants Who Subsequently Develop Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S917-S917
Author(s):  
Rotem Lapidot ◽  
Tyler Faits ◽  
Ismail Arshad ◽  
Allam Mushal ◽  
William Macleod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Colonization of the nasopharynx (NP) is the initial event in the pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Evidence is accumulating that the NP microbiome influences host immune responses and whether colonization progresses to disease or not. We hypothesized that infants who experience LRTI early in life display distinct NP microbiome characteristics prior to infection, and potentially as early as the newborn period. Methods As part of the “Southern Africa Mother Infant Pertussis Study” in Zambia, NP samples were prospectively collected approximately every 2 weeks beginning at birth, through 3 months of age, in conjunction with clinical data. Samples were also collected when an infant experienced respiratory symptoms. We identified infants from the cohort with LRTI and matched with asymptomatic controls. We performed 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon sequencing on DNA extracted from the NP samples using Illumina MiSeq, and analyzed the data using Qiime2 and PathoScope2. We described the NP microbiome characteristics of asymptomatic infants and infants with LRTI and their changes over time and compared between the two populations at each 2-week interval using the R package DESeq2. Results Ten infants who had LRTI during the study period were matched with 17 healthy asymptomatic controls, together contributing 183 samples with high-quality reads. In asymptomatic infants, Dolosigranulum, Haemophilus and Moraxella’s relative abundance increased over the first 3 months of life, while Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus relative abundance decreased in the NP microbiome (Figure 1). In contrast, infants who developed LRTI had increased abundance of Staphylococcus, Anaerobacillus, and Bacillus, and decreased relative abundance of Dolosigranulum and Moraxella compared with asymptomatic controls (Figure 2). These differences were already present at the time of first sample collection (age 1 week). Conclusion Infants who develop LRTI early in life demonstrate altered NP microbial composition as early as the first week of life. These differences could potentially lead to early identification of at-risk infants. If confirmed, interventions to prevent LRTI in infancy could be evaluated to reduce respiratory mortality and morbidity. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Urinary heme oxygenase-1 as a potential biomarker for early diabetic nephropathy

Nephrology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Li ◽  
Yuliang Xu ◽  
Xianghua Liu ◽  
Yali Nie ◽  
Zhanzheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Early Diabetic Nephropathy

scholarly journals PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Camila S Marcolla ◽  
Benjamin Willing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P &lt; 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P &lt; 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P &lt; 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P &lt; 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P &gt; 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

scholarly journals The Effect of Xylitol on the Composition of the Oral Flora: A Pilot Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 024-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Aino Hirvonen ◽  
Sara Karjalainen ◽  
Margherita Fontana ◽  
Diana Catt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACTObjectives: Our aim was to investigate the effect of short-term xylitol consumption on the microbial composition of plaque and saliva. Methods: Twelve volunteers (22-38 yrs) harboring mutans streptococci (MS) participated in the randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The experimental chewing gum contained 65% xylitol while the control gum contained 63% sorbitol and 2% maltitol w/w. The polyol dose was approximately 6 g/day. Stimulated saliva and plaque samples were collected before and after the two four-week test periods. The samples were cultured for MS, total streptococci, lactobacilli, and total facultatives. A part of the samples were subjected to DNA-DNA hybridizations of 14 microbial plaque species: Actinomyces naeslundii, A. viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. paracasei, L. rhamnose, L. plantarum, Streptococcus gordonii, S. oralis, S. parasanguis, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, Veillonella parvula. Results: The MS counts of the plaque samples collected from “caries-prone” tooth sites decreased significantly (P<.01) in the xylitol gum group but not in the sorbitol gum group. Also the plaque MS percentage decreased significantly in the xylitol gum group (P<.01). The salivary MS counts did not decrease either in the xylitol or in the sorbitol gum groups. Nor were changes detected in the salivary levels of total streptococci or lactobacilli. The DNA-DNA hybridization assay revealed no study-induced changes in the microbial composition of the dental plaque. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this pilot study, xylitol consumption reduced MS counts in plaque but appeared not to affect the microbial composition of plaque or saliva in general. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:24-31)

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Stilbenoids on Human Fecal Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Jaimes ◽  
Veronika Jarosova ◽  
Ondrej Vesely ◽  
Chahrazed Mekadim ◽  
Jakub Mrazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Genus Clostridium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Dietary phenolics or polyphenols are mostly metabolized by the human gut microbiota. These metabolites appear to confer the beneficial health effects attributed to phenolics. Microbial composition affects the type of metabolites produced. Reciprocally, phenolics modulate microbial composition. Understanding this relationship could be used to positively impact health by phenolic supplementation and thus create favorable colonic conditions. This study explored the effect of six stilbenoids (batatasin III, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, pinostilbene, resveratrol, thunalbene) on the gut microbiota composition. Stilbenoids were anaerobically fermented with fecal bacteria from four donors, samples were collected at 0 and 24 h, and effects on the microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical tests identified affected microbes at three taxonomic levels. Observed microbial composition modulation by stilbenoids included a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, a decrease in the relative abundance of strains from the genus Clostridium, and effects on the family Lachnospiraceae. A frequently observed effect was a further decrease of the relative abundance when compared to the control. An opposite effect to the control was observed for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose relative abundance increased. Observed effects were more frequently attributed to resveratrol and piceatannol, followed by thunalbene and batatasin III.

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