Schisandra chinensis bee pollen’s chemical profiles and protective effect against H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes

Abstract Background Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill bee pollen extract (SCBPE) is often used as a functional food in China due to its good antioxidant property. However, its chemical compositions and effects on H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced cell injury still lacks of reports thus far. This study aimed to characterize the main components of SCBPE and investigate its protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury. Methods The main components of SCBPE were analyzed via ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF MS/MS). The three main nucleosides in SCBPE were quantitatively analyzed via ultraperformance liquid chromatography–diode array detection. Furthermore, the potential mechanism by which SCBPE exerts protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury was explored for the first time via cell survival rate measurements; cell morphological observation; myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) level determination; flow cytometry; and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Two carbohydrates, three nucleosides, and nine quinic acid nitrogen-containing derivatives in SCBPE were identified or tentatively characterized via UPLC–QTOF MS/MS. The nine quinic acid nitrogen-containing derivatives were first reported in bee pollen. The contents of uridine, guanosine, and adenosine were 2.4945 ± 0.0185, 0.1896 ± 0.0049, and 1.8418 ± 0.0157 μg/mg, respectively. Results of in vitro experiments showed that cell survival rate, myocardial SOD activity, and GSH level significantly increased and myocardial MDA level significantly decreased in SCBPE groups compared with those in H2O2 group. Cell morphology in SCBPE groups also markedly improved compared with that in H2O2 group. Results indicated that SCBPE protected H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced apoptosis by downregulating the mRNA expressions of Bax, cytochrome C, and caspase-3 and upregulating the Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Conclusions This study is the first to report that SCBPE could protect against oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in H2O2-injured H9c2 cells. Results indicated that the nucleosides and quinic acid nitrogen-containing derivatives could be the main substances that exert protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury.

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Schisandra chinensis extract ameliorates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i1.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Yang Lou ◽

Bo Xu ◽

Xianshuai Li ◽

Xiaoyi Xu ◽

Xiaoguo Chen

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Myocardial Infarct ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Myocardial Infarct Size ◽

Schisandra Chinensis ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Myd88 Signaling

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE) on myocardial ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action. Methods: A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was used. Ischemia was induced by occluding the left anterior descending artery for 30 min and the myocardium was then reperfused for 2 h in Sprague-Dawley rats. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure myocardial infarct size, while the levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot assay was conducted to determine protein levels. Results: TTC staining showed that myocardial I/R injury was ameliorated after SCE treatment. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased after SCE treatment. Moreover, seruminterleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels were reduced after SCE treatment. Furthermore, SCE treatment remarkably downregulated the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Conclusion: SCE may exert protective effects against myocardial I/R injury by downregulating TLR4-mediated NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway. However, this needs to confirmed in clinical studies. Keywords: Schisandra chinensis, TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88, Inflammasome, Myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury

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Vanillin Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Rat H9c2 Cardiomyocytes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2317 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivana Sirangelo ◽

Luigi Sapio ◽

Angela Ragone ◽

Silvio Naviglio ◽

Clara Iannuzzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Point Of View ◽

Protective Effects ◽

H9c2 Cells ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Erk Phosphorylation ◽

H9c2 Cardiomyocytes ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Tumor Types

Doxorubicin (doxo) is an effective anticancer compound in several tumor types. However, as a consequence of oxidative stress induction and ROS overproduction, its high cardiotoxicity demands urgent attention. Vanillin possesses antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidepressant and anti-glycating properties. Therefore, we investigated the potential vanillin protective effects against doxo-induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Using multiparametric approach, we demonstrated that vanillin restored both cell viability and damage in response to doxo exposure. Contextually, vanillin decreased sub-G1 appearance and caspase-3 and PARP1 activation, reducing the doxo-related apoptosis induction. From a mechanistic point of view, vanillin hindered doxo-induced ROS accumulation and impaired the ERK phosphorylation. Notably, besides the cardioprotective effects, vanillin did not counteract the doxo effectiveness in osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, our results suggest that vanillin ameliorates doxo-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells, opening new avenues for developing alternative therapeutic approaches to prevent the anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity and to improve the long-term outcome of antineoplastic treatment.

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Induction of Apoptosis by Nano‐Synthesized Complexes of H2L and its Cu(II) Complex in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520620666200204103756 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Thoria Diab ◽

Tarek M. Mohamed ◽

Alaa Hamed ◽

Mohamed Gaber

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Metal Complexes ◽

Hepg2 Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Free Ligand ◽

Organometallic Complexes ◽

Phase Cell ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Background: Chemotherapy is currently the most utilized treatment for cancer. Therapeutic potential of metal complexes in cancer therapy has attracted a lot of interest. The mechanisms of action of most organometallic complexes are poorly understood. Objective: This study was designed to explore the mechanisms governing the anti-proliferative effect of the free ligand N1,N6‐bis((2‐hydroxynaphthalin‐1‐yl)methinyl)) adipohydrazone (H2L) and its complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). Methods: Cells were exposed to H2L or its metal complexes where cell viability determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to monitor the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Moreover, molecular docking was carried out to find the potentiality of Cu(II) complex as an inhibitor of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA). ADA, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the most affected cancer cell line. Results: The obtained results demonstrated that H2L and its Cu(II) complex exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity compared to other complexes against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 4.14±0.036μM/ml and 3.2±0.02μM/ml), respectively. Both H2L and its Cu(II) complex induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Additionally, they induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. Interestingly, the activity of ADA was decreased by 2.8 fold in HepG2 cells treated with Cu(II) complex compared to untreated cells. An increase of SOD activity and GSH level in HepG2 cells compared to control was observed. Conclusion: The results concluded that Cu(II) complex of H2L induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Further studies are needed to confirm its anti-cancer effect in vivo.

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Pattern-Type Separation of Triacylglycerols by Silver Thiolate×Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations8060088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Paola Arena ◽

Danilo Sciarrone ◽

Paola Dugo ◽

Paola Donato ◽

Luigi Mondello

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Ion Trap ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Borago Officinalis ◽

Animal Fats ◽

Group Type ◽

Degree Of Unsaturation ◽

Main Components

Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and authenticity of food products. The high complexity of many foodstuffs often makes untargeted elucidation of TAG components a challenging task; thus, more efficient separation techniques may be mandatory. In this research, the TAG profile of a borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil was obtained by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC×LC), by the coupling of silver thiolate and octadecylsilica monodisperse materials. A total 94 TAG compounds were identified by ion trap-time of flight detection, using atmospheric pressure ionization, with the degree of unsaturation varying from 0 to 9, and partition values ranging from 36 to 56. The group-type separation afforded by this analytical approach may be useful to quickly fingerprint TAG components of oil samples.

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5-ALA Attenuates the Palmitic Acid-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26041183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1183

Author(s):

Mst Mamuna Sharmin ◽

Md Aminul Islam ◽

Itsuki Yamamoto ◽

Shin Taniguchi ◽

Shinichi Yonekura

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Er Stress ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽

Mammary Epithelial ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽

Induced Apoptosis

The conservation of mammary gland physiology by maintaining the maximum number of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is of the utmost importance for the optimum amount of milk production. In a state of negative energy balance, palmitic acid (PA) reduces the number of bovine MECs. However, there is no effective strategy against PA-induced apoptosis of MECs. In the present study, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was established as a remedial agent against PA-induced apoptosis of MAC-T cells (an established line of bovine MECs). In PA-treated cells, the apoptosis-related genes BCL2 and BAX were down- and upregulated, respectively. The elevated expression of major genes of the unfolded protein response (UPR), such as CHOP, a proapoptotic marker (C/EBP homologous protein), reduced the viability of PA-treated MAC-T cells. In contrast, 5-ALA pretreatment increased and decreased BCL2 and BAX expression, respectively. Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression was significantly reduced in the 5-ALA-pretreated group in comparison with the PA group. The downregulation of major UPR-related genes, including CHOP, extended the viability of MAC-T cells pretreated with 5-ALA and also reduced the enhanced intensity of the PA-induced expression of phospho-protein kinase R-like ER kinase. Moreover, the enhanced expression of HO-1 (antioxidant gene heme oxygenase) by 5-ALA reduced PA-induced oxidative stress (OxS). HO-1 is not only protective against OxS but also effective against ER stress. Collectively, these findings offer new insights into the protective effects of 5-ALA against PA-induced apoptosis of bovine MECs.

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UVB protective effects of Sargassum horneri through the regulation of Nrf2 mediated antioxidant mechanism

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88949-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eui Jeong Han ◽

Seo-Young Kim ◽

Hee-Jin Han ◽

Hyun-Soo Kim ◽

Kil-Nam Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Barrier ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Sargassum Horneri ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Skin Damage ◽

Antioxidant Mechanism ◽

Induced Apoptosis

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a methanol extract of Sargassum horneri (SHM), which contains 6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)-one (HTT) and apo-9′-fucoxanthinone, against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cellular damage in human keratinocytes and its underlying mechanism. SHM significantly improved cell viability of UVB-exposed human keratinocytes by reducing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, SHM inhibited UVB exposure-induced apoptosis by reducing the formation of apoptotic bodies and the populations of the sub-G1 hypodiploid cells and the early apoptotic cells by modulating the expression of the anti- and pro-apoptotic molecules, Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively. Furthermore, SHM inhibited NF-κB p65 activation by inducing the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The cytoprotective and antiapoptotic activities of SHM are abolished by the inhibition of HO-1 signaling. In further study, SHM restored the skin dryness and skin barrier disruption in UVB-exposed human keratinocytes. Based to these results, our study suggests that SHM protects the cells against UVB-induced cellular damages through the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and may be potentially useful for the prevention of UVB-induced skin damage.

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Separation of phenolics (benzoic acids, cinnamic acids, phenylacetic acids, quinic acid esters, benzaldehydes and acetophenones, miscellaneous phenolics) and coumarins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96403-3 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 111-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Karel Vande Casteele ◽

Hans Geiger ◽

Christiaan F. Van Sumere

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Benzoic Acids ◽

Cinnamic Acids ◽

Acid Esters

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Cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuates 4-hydroxynonenal- and visible light-induced retinal damage in vitro and in vivo

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo00273a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 2871-2880 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yong Wang ◽

Wentao Qi ◽

Yazhen Huo ◽

Ge Song ◽

Hui Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽

Retinal Damage ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Pigment Epithelial ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Pigment Epithelial Cells

Cyanidin-3-glucoside has efficient protective effects on 4-hydroxynonenal-induced apoptosis, senescence, and angiogenesis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

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An Evaluation of the Possible Protective Effects of Neonatal Striatal Transplants Against Kainic Acid-Induced Lesions

Journal of Neural Transplantation ◽

10.1155/np.1991.75 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 75-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David R. Nash ◽

Stanley M. Kaplan ◽

Andrew B. Norman ◽

Paul R. Sanberg

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Kainic Acid ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Striatal Neurons ◽

Tissue Transplants ◽

Significant Difference

The present study examined the recent report that transplantation of neonatal striatal tissue into kainic acid (KA) lesioned striatum protected the contralateral striatum from a subsequent KA lesion. We did not find a significant difference in the survival rate of animals that received neonatal striatal transplants into a KA lesioned striatum followed by a subsequent lesion of the contralateral striatum compared to those animals that received bilateral KA-induced striatal lesions alone. The tissue transplants did not protect against the degeneration of striatal neurons induced by KA. Indeed, the survival rate was very low (25%) in the transplant groups. A second experiment was also performed to examine whether a neonatal striatal transplant might reduce the severe syndrome of aphagia and adipsia associated with KA lesions of the striatum. Animals that received the neonatal striatal transplants showed increased aphagia and adipsia compared to animals only receiving the KA lesion. Again, the transplant group had a very low survival rate (10%). The present study was unable to confirm that neonatal striatal transplants protect against KA lesions either by themselves or in conjunction with a recent KA lesion.

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