scholarly journals Dietary patterns and associations with biomarkers of inflammation in adults: a systematic review of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hart ◽  
Susan J. Torres ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton ◽  
Catherine M. Milte
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Background Evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation is involved in manychronic diseases of ageing. Modifiable lifestyle factors including dietcan affect low-grade inflammation. Dietary patterns allow assessment of the complex interactions of food nutrients and health and may be associated with inflammatory status. This systematic review aimed to summarises current evidence from observational studies for associations between dietary patterns and inflammatory biomarkers in the general adult population. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Methods We conducted a systematic search in Embase, CINAHL Complete, Global Health and MEDLINE complete databases. Search terms included terms for diet (“dietary patterns”, “diet scores”) and inflammation (“inflammation“, “c-reactive protein“, “interleukin“). Results The search produced 7161 records. Duplicates were removed leaving 3164 for screening. There were 69 studies included (60 cross-sectional, 9 longitudinal). Papers included studies that were: 1) observational studies; 2) conducted in community-dwelling adults over 18 years of age; 3) assessed dietary patterns; 4) measured specified biomarkers of inflammation and 5) published in English. Dietary patterns were assessed using diet scores (n = 45), data-driven approaches (n = 22), both a data-driven approach and diet score (n = 2). The most frequently assessed biomarkers were CRP (n = 64) and/or IL-6 (n = 22). Cross-sectionally the majority of analyses reported an association between higher diet scores (mostly Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory diet scores) and lower inflammatory markers with 82 significant associations from 133 analyses. Only 22 of 145 cross-sectional analyses using data-driven approaches reported an association between a dietary patterns and lower inflammatory markers; the majority reported no association. Evidence of an association between dietary patterns and inflammatory markers longitudinally is limited, with the majority reporting no association. Conclusions Adherence to healthy, Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory dietary scores, appear to be associated with lower inflammatory status cross-sectionally. Future research could focus on longitudinal studies using a potential outcomes approach in the data analysis. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42019114501.

Lifestyle Measures to Reduce Inflammation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Gaesser ◽  
Siddhartha S. Angadi ◽  
Dana M. Ryan ◽  
Carol S. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Chronic low-grade inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be ameliorated with exercise and/or diet. High levels of physical activity and/or cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced risk of low-grade inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise have been found to improve inflammatory status, with the majority of evidence suggesting that aerobic exercise may have broader anti-inflammatory effects. In particular, aerobic exercise appears to improve the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Improvement in inflammatory status is most likely to occur in persons with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers prior to intervention. A number of dietary factors, including fiber-rich foods, whole grains, fruits (especially berries), omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins (eg, C and E), and certain trace minerals (eg, zinc) have been documented to reduce blood concentrations of inflammatory markers. Anti-inflammatory foods may also help mitigate the pro-inflammatory postprandial state that is particularly evident after ingestion of meals high in saturated fat. Intensive lifestyle interventions involving both exercise and diet appear to be most effective. For the most part, anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and diet are independent of weight loss. Thus overweight and obese men and women, who are most likely to have a pro-inflammatory profile, do not necessarily have to normalize body mass index to improve inflammatory status and reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of central obesity in adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽  
Mahdi Vajdi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Obesity Indices

Abstract. Backgrounds: Central obesity, as a pivotal component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous co-morbidities. Dietary factors influence central obesity by increased inflammatory status. However, recent studies didn’t evaluate the association between central obesity and dietary inflammation index (DII®) that give score to dietary factors according to their inflammatory potential. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that investigated the association between DII® with central obesity indices in the general populations. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences and Cochrane electronic databases, we collected relevant studies written in English and published until 30 October 2019. The population of included studies were apparently healthy subjects or individuals with obesity or obesity-related diseases. Observational studies that evaluated the association between DII® and indices of central obesity including WC or WHR were included. Results: Totally thirty-two studies were included; thirty studies were cross-sectional and two were cohort studies with 103071 participants. Meta-analysis of observational studies showed that higher DII® scores were associated with 1.81 cm increase in WC (Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.813; CI: 0.785–2.841; p = 0.001). Also, a non-significant increase in the odds of having higher WC (OR = 1.162; CI: 0.95–1.43; p = 0.154) in the highest DII category was also observed. In subgroup analysis, the continent, dietary assessment tool and gender were the heterogeneity sources. Conclusion: The findings proposed that adherence to diets with high DII® scores was associated with increased WC. Further studies with interventional designs are necessary to elucidate the causality inference between DII® and central obesity indices.

scholarly journals A Genetic Score of Predisposition to Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Obesity May Contribute to Discern Population at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastià Galmés ◽  
Margalida Cifre ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
Paula Oliver ◽  
Francisca Serra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Genetic Score ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Omega-3 rich diets have been shown to improve inflammatory status. However, in an ex vivo system of human blood cells, the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulating lipid metabolism and cytokine response is attenuated in overweight subjects and shows high inter-individual variability. This suggests that obesity may be exerting a synergistic effect with genetic background disturbing the anti-inflammatory potential of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the present work, a genetic score aiming to explore the risk associated to low grade inflammation and obesity (LGI-Ob) has been elaborated and assessed as a tool to contribute to discern population at risk for metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production as a response to omega-3 were associated with LGI-Ob score; and lower anti-inflammatory effect of PUFA was observed in subjects with a high genetic score. Furthermore, overweight/obese individuals showed positive correlation of both plasma C-Reactive Protein and triglyceride/HDLc-index with LGI-Ob; and high LGI-Ob score was associated with greater hypertension (p = 0.047), Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.026), and metabolic risk (p = 0.021). The study shows that genetic variation can influence inflammation and omega-3 response, and that the LGI-Ob score could be a useful tool to classify subjects at inflammatory risk and more prone to suffer metabolic syndrome and associated metabolic disturbances.

Effects of Vitamin D Status on Inflammatory Markers in Obese Subjects: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Geórgia R.R. de Alencar ◽  
Lailton da Silva Freire ◽  
Beatriz de Mello Pereira ◽  
Verbena R. da Silva ◽  
Aline C. Holanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
High Concentrations

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated the role of micronutrients in the manifestation of comorbidities associated with obesity. Vitamin D deficiency, in particular, appears to be associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers, which may lead to chronic low-grade inflammation, elevating the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of observational studies conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on inflammatory markers in obese subjects. Methodology: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the “STROBE” and PRISMA recommendations. Observational studies that evaluated the effect of vitamin D status on inflammatory markers in obese subjects were selected and reviewed. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, and Web of Science databases from February 21 to 22, 2018. Results: After the selection and removal of duplicate articles, 10 eligible articles were identified. Results from eight observational studies showed an association between vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in the body and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers in obese individuals. On the other hand, two of the studies did not demonstrate any correlation. With regard to the inflammatory markers evaluated, eight studies showed high concentrations of ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, five studies found an increase in interleukin-6 concentrations, and two studies noted increased levels of tumor necrosis factor. Conclusion: The data presented in this systematic review provide evidence of the association between vitamin D deficiency and increased inflammation in obesity.

scholarly journals Can Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Be a Good Model for the Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet in Humans?

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Spyridon Methenitis ◽  
Ioanna Stergiou ◽  
Smaragdi Antonopoulou ◽  
Tzortzis Nomikos
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Subclinical, low-grade, inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the majority of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Several methodological approaches have been applied for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of nutrition, however, their impact in human body remains uncertain, because of the fact that the majority of the studies reporting anti-inflammatory effect of dietary patterns, have been performed under laboratory settings and/or in animal models. Thus, the extrapolation of these results to humans is risky. It is therefore obvious that the development of an inflammatory model in humans, by which we could induce inflammatory responses to humans in a regulated, specific, and non-harmful way, could greatly facilitate the estimation of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in a more physiological way and mechanistically relevant way. We believe that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) could serve as such a model, either in studies investigating the homeostatic responses of individuals under inflammatory stimuli or for the estimation of the anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, supplements, nutrients, or phytochemicals. Thus, in this review we discuss the possibility of exercise-induced muscle damage being an inflammation model suitable for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in humans.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Patterns Represents a Potential, Yet Variable, Measure of Inflammatory Status: A Review and Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana C. Calle ◽  
Catherine J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic low-grade, systemic inflammation is a well-characterized risk factor in the development of chronic metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Diet could be an effective strategy for reducing inflammation associated with chronic disease. While anti-inflammatory properties of isolated dietary bioactive and functional foods have been routinely studied, the evaluation of dietary patterns on inflammation warrants further review—especially given the recent inclusion of dietary pattern recommendations into dietary guidelines and policies. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to examine current evidence linking diet to low-grade, systemic inflammation within the context of chronic disease. Specifically, we provide an update on the findings from human trials that have characterized anti-inflammatory properties of dietary patterns, defined by various methods and indexes. Given the complexity of interpreting results from dietary pattern analysis, we further present recent evidence on the anti-inflammatory roles of isolated bioactive nutrients and functional foods that are common components of distinct dietary patterns, in addition to considerations for interpreting dietary pattern research, population-specific dietary recommendations, and future studies. Overall, we observe a vast range of variability in the evidence from observational studies that have evaluated the relationships between healthy dietary patterns and inflammatory markers. These studies highlight the need for additional intervention studies with study designs that account for metabolic status, diversity in populations, breadth of inflammatory measurements, fasting vs. postprandial effects of diet, and control of confounding factors (e.g., genotype, microbiome profiles, and dietary adherence) in order to better understand the effect that diet has, as a whole, on inflammation. These strategies will help to strengthen diet recommendations aimed at reducing inflammation and chronic disease risk.

Adherence to healthy dietary pattern and risk of kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sepideh Soltani ◽  
Ahmad Jayedi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Epidemiological studies show that adherence to healthy dietary patterns may be associated with a lower risk of decline in kidney function. However, existing evidence has not been quantitatively gathered. Pertinent observational studies investigating the association of adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, either priori-defined dietary pattern/indices or data-driven dietary patterns, with risk of kidney disease in the general population were identified by searching Medline and Scopus databases to May 28, 2018. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied. The analysis included eight prospective cohorts (5734 cases among 569,688 participants) and five cross-sectional studies (1955 cases among 16,614 participants). Higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (either priori-defined or data-driven dietary patterns) was associated with a 28% lower risk of kidney disease in the analysis of prospective cohort studies (RR = 0.72, 95 % CI = 0.58, 0.86; I2 = %71, n = 8). A subgroup analysis based on definition of healthy dietary pattern resulted in significant inverse association only in the subgroup of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern (RR: 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.54, 0.93; I2 = 73%, n = 5). A dose-response analysis indicated a monotonic inverse association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern with risk of kidney disease. A 32% lower risk was observed in the analysis of cross-sectional studies (OR: 0.68, 95 %CI: 0.53, 0.83, I2 = 0%, n = 5). The findings suggest that higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of kidney disease.

scholarly journals The Role of Circulating Lycopene in Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4378
Author(s):  
Hidde P. van Steenwijk ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Alie de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background and aims: In recent years, it has become clear that low-grade chronic inflammation is involved in the onset and progression of many non-communicable diseases. Many studies have investigated the association between inflammation and lycopene, however, results have been inconsistent. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of circulating lycopene on inflammation and to investigate the effect of consuming tomato products and/or lycopene supplements on markers of inflammation. Methods: Eligible studies, published before March 2020, were identified from PubMed, EBSCOhost and ScienceDirect. Human studies published in English, that evaluated the effect of circulating lycopene in relation to inflammation biomarkers were screened and included. Studies assessing lycopene intake or general intake of carotenoids/antioxidants without measuring circulating lycopene, as well as those not reporting inflammation biomarkers as outcomes, were excluded. Results: Out of 80 publications identified and screened, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Results from 18 cross-sectional studies suggest that lycopene levels are adversely affected during inflammation and homeostatic imbalance. Most of the 17 included intervention studies reported increased circulating lycopene levels after tomato/lycopene supplementation, but almost no changes in inflammation biomarkers were observed. Conclusions: There is little evidence that increasing tomato intake or lycopene supplementation diminuates this inflammation. However, depletion of lycopene may be one of the first signs of low-grade inflammation. The available data thereby imply that it is beneficial to consume lycopene-rich foods occasionally to stay healthy and keep circulating lycopene at a basal level.

Pulmonary Function Changes in the Older adults with and without Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysa Brandao Rangel ◽  
Renilson Moraes-Ferreira ◽  
Manoel Oliveira-Junior ◽  
Alana Santos-Dias ◽  
André Bachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Resistance ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) triggers alterations in several organs, but its effects on pulmonary functional and immunological response in older adults are unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated such responses in older adults with and without MS. The study consisted of 77 older adults with MS (68 ± 3 years old) and without MS (67 ± 3 years old). Impulse oscillometry (IOS) was used to evaluate airway and tissue resistance and reactance. Biomarkers of systemic and pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were studied. Total resistance of respiratory system (R5Hz; p < 0.009), and resistance of proximal (R20Hz; p < 0.001) and distal (R5Hz-R20Hz; p < 0.004) airways were impaired in MS individuals compared to those without MS. The levels of pro-inflammatory (leptin; IL-1beta; IL-8, p < 0.001; TNF-alpha, p < 0.04) and pro-fibrotic (VEGF, p < 0.001) factor increased in MS, while reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin; IL-1ra; IL-10; p < 0.001), and anti-fibrotic (relaxin 1; relaxin 3; Klotho, p < 0.001) factors were found. We conclude that MS accelerates lung function and mechanics impairment in older adults in detriment of an imbalance between pro and anti-inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. Furthermore, this study shows that the lungs also are a target organ in MS, deserving clinical assessment in older adults’ population.

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