scholarly journals Accessory enzymes of hypercellulolytic Penicillium funiculosum facilitate complete saccharification of sugarcane bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola A. Ogunyewo ◽  
Pooja Upadhyay ◽  
Girish H. Rajacharya ◽  
Omoaruemike E. Okereke ◽  
Laura Faas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Penicillium Funiculosum ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Catabolite Repressor ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is an abundant feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. This complex biomass requires an array of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), mostly from filamentous fungi, for its deconstruction to monomeric sugars for the production of value-added fuels and chemicals. In this study, we evaluated the repertoire of proteins in the secretome of a catabolite repressor-deficient strain of Penicillium funiculosum, PfMig188, in response to SCB induction and examined their role in the saccharification of SCB. Results A systematic approach was developed for the cultivation of the fungus with the aim of producing and understanding arrays of enzymes tailored for saccharification of SCB. To achieve this, the fungus was grown in media supplemented with different concentrations of pretreated SCB (0–45 g/L). The profile of secreted proteins was characterized by enzyme activity assays and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A total of 280 proteins were identified in the secretome of PfMig188, 46% of them being clearly identified as CAZymes. Modulation of the cultivation media with SCB up to 15 g/L led to sequential enhancement in the secretion of hemicellulases and cell wall-modifying enzymes, including endo-β-1,3(4)-glucanase (GH16), endo-α-1,3-glucanase (GH71), xylanase (GH30), β-xylosidase (GH5), β-1,3-galactosidase (GH43) and cutinase (CE5). There was ~ 122% and 60% increases in β-xylosidase and cutinase activities, respectively. There was also a 36% increase in activities towards mixed-linked glucans. Induction of these enzymes in the secretome improved the saccharification performance to 98% (~ 20% increase over control), suggesting their synergy with core cellulases in accessing the recalcitrant region of SCB. Conclusion Our findings provide an insight into the enzyme system of PfMig188 for degradation of complex biomass such as SCB and highlight the importance of adding SCB to the culture medium to optimize the secretion of enzymes specific for the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse.

scholarly journals Decomposition of Rice Chaff Using a Cocultivation System of Thermobifida fusca and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nakamura ◽  
Norio Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Basal Salt Medium ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Ureibacillus Thermosphaericus

Lignocellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and is a potential source of fuels and chemicals. Although this complex biomass is persistent, it can be cooperatively decomposed by a microbial consortium in nature. In this study, a coculture of the moderately thermophilic bacteria Thermobifida fusca and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus was used for biodegradation of rice chaff. The bacterial strains were incubated in modified Brock’s basal salt medium (pH 8.0) supplemented with yeast extract and rice chaff at 50 °C for 7 days. The concentration of reducing sugars and the enzymatic activities of laccase, lignin peroxidase, cellulase, and xylanase in the supernatant of the culture medium were measured every day. The concentrations of reducing sugars in solo cultures of T. fusca and U. thermosphaericus and a mixed culture of the two strains after 7 days of incubation were 0.047, 0.040, and 0.195 mg/mL, respectively, indicating that the decomposition of rice chaff was enhanced in the coculture. Based on the results, it is thought that the lignin surrounding the cellulose was decomposed by laccase and lignin peroxidase secreted from U. thermosphaericus, resulting in cellulose and hemicellulose in the rice chaff being easily decomposed by enzymes from T. fusca.

scholarly journals Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khaleghipour ◽  
Javier A. Linares-Pastén ◽  
Hamid Rashedi ◽  
Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽  
Andrius Jasilionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractSugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0–0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10–30 min and 50–150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.

An insight into an electro-catalytic reactor concept for high value-added production from crude glycerol: Optimization, electrode passivation, product distribution, and reaction pathway identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Ali Khosravanipour Mostafazadeh ◽  
Maria Samantha De La Torre ◽  
Yessika Padilla ◽  
Patrick Drogui ◽  
Satinder Kaur Brar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Electrode Passivation ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Comparison of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid proteomes identifies gene products guiding adult neurogenesis and neural differentiation in birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Voukali ◽  
Nithya Kuttiyarthu Veetil ◽  
Pavel Němec ◽  
Pavel Stopka ◽  
Michal Vinkler
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Csf Proteins ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Genome Information ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Brain Homeostasis

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins regulate neurogenesis, brain homeostasis and participate in signalling during neuroinflammation. Even though birds represent valuable models for constitutive adult neurogenesis, current proteomic studies of the avian CSF are limited to chicken embryos. Here we use liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) to explore the proteomic composition of CSF and plasma in adult chickens (Gallus gallus) and evolutionarily derived parrots: budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). Because cockatiel lacks a complete genome information, we compared the cross-species protein identifications using the reference proteomes of three model avian species: chicken, budgerigar and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and found the highest identification rates when mapping against the phylogenetically closest species, the budgerigar. In total, we identified 483, 641 and 458 unique proteins consistently represented in the CSF and plasma of all chicken, budgerigar and cockatiel conspecifics, respectively. Comparative pathways analyses of CSF and blood plasma then indicated clusters of proteins involved in neurogenesis, neural development and neural differentiation overrepresented in CSF in each species. This study provides the first insight into the proteomics of adult avian CSF and plasma and brings novel evidence supporting the adult neurogenesis in birds.

scholarly journals Effects of neuroactive metabolites of the tryptophan pathway on working memory and cortical thickness in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchao Huang ◽  
Jinghui Tong ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Yanfang Zhou ◽  
Yimin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tryptophan Pathway ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractA number of tryptophan metabolites known to be neuroactive have been examined for their potential associations with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Among these metabolites, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 5-hydroxyindole (5-HI), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are documented in their diverse effects on α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and/or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), two of the receptor types thought to contribute to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. In this study, serum levels of KYNA, 5-HI, and QUIN were measured in 195 patients with schizophrenia and in 70 healthy controls using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; cognitive performance in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and cortical thickness measured by magnetic resonance imaging were obtained. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower serum KYNA (p < 0.001) and QUIN (p = 0.02) levels, and increased 5-HI/KYNA (p < 0.001) and QUIN/KYNA ratios (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. Multiple linear regression showed that working memory was positively correlated with serum 5-HI levels (t = 2.10, p = 0.04), but inversely correlated with KYNA concentrations (t = −2.01, p = 0.05) in patients. Patients with high 5-HI and low KYNA had better working memory than other subgroups (p = 0.01). Higher 5-HI levels were associated with thicker left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (t = 3.71, p = 2.94 × 10−4) in patients. The different effects of 5-HI and KYNA on working memory may appear consistent with their opposite receptor level mechanisms. Our findings appear to provide a new insight into the dynamic roles of tryptophan pathway metabolites on cognition, which may benefit novel therapeutic development that targets cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Effect of Ni(NO3)2 Pretreatment on the Pyrolysis of Organsolv Lignin Derived from Corncob Residue

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Yichen Liu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Longfei Liu ◽  
Changwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
Nickel Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Formation

The thermal degradation of lignin for value-added fuels and chemicals is important for environment improvement and sustainable development. The impact of pretreatment and catalysis of Ni(NO3)2 on the pyrolysis behavior of organsolv lignin were studied in the present work. Samples were pyrolyzed at 500 ∘C with an upward fixed bed, and the characteristics of bio-oil were determined. After pretreatment by Ni(NO3)2, the yield of monophenols increased from 23.3 wt.% to 30.2 wt.% in “Ni-washed” and decreased slightly from 23.3 wt.% to 20.3 wt.% in “Ni-unwashed”. Meanwhile, the selective formation of vinyl-monophenols was promoted in “Ni-unwashed”, which indicated that the existence of nickel species promoted the dehydration of C-OH and breakage of C-C in pyrolysis. In comparison with “Water”, HHV of bio-oil derived from “Ni-unwashed” slightly increased from 27.94 mJ/kg to 28.46 mJ/kg, suggesting that the lowering of oxygen content in bio-oil is associated with improved quality. Furthermore, the content of H2 in gas products dramatically increased from 2.0% to 7.6% and 17.1%, respectively.

scholarly journals Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Devendra P. Tekale ◽  
Ganapati D. Yadav ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

scholarly journals An insight into the bioelectrochemical photoreduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 102294
Author(s):  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Mohammad Tabish Noori ◽  
Abraham Esteve Núñez ◽  
Nishith Verma
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Analysis Using Colorimetry, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Bioassays for the Assessment of Indole Related Compounds Produced by Endophytes of Selected Wheat Cultivars

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kuźniar ◽  
Kinga Włodarczyk ◽  
Ilona Sadok ◽  
Magdalena Staniszewska ◽  
Małgorzata Woźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Related Compounds

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), colorimetry, and bioassays were employed for the evaluation of the ability of endophytic bacterial strains to synthesize indole-related compounds (IRCs) and in particular indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A total of 54 endophytic strains belonging to seven bacterial genera isolated from tissues of common and spelt wheat cultivars were studied. The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of the tested wheat types were capable of IRCs production, including IAA, which constituted from 1.75% to 52.68% of all IRCs, in in vitro conditions via the tryptophan dependent pathway. The selected post-culture medium was also examined using a plant bioassay. Substantial growth of wheat coleoptile segments treated with the bacterial post-culture medium was observed in several cases. Our data suggest that the studied endophytic bacteria produce auxin-type compounds to support plant development. Summarizing, our approach to use three complementary methods for estimation of IRCs in different endophytic strains provides a comprehensive picture of their effect on wheat growth.

scholarly journals Nucleus-specific expression in the multinuclear mushroom-forming fungusAgaricus bisporusreveals different nuclear regulatory programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (17) ◽  
pp. 4429-4434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thies Gehrmann ◽  
Jordi F. Pelkmans ◽  
Robin A. Ohm ◽  
Aurin M. Vos ◽  
Anton S. M. Sonnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Nuclear Level ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Nuclear Separation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Mrna

Many fungi are polykaryotic, containing multiple nuclei per cell. In the case of heterokaryons, there are different nuclear types within a single cell. It is unknown what the different nuclear types contribute in terms of mRNA expression levels in fungal heterokaryons. Each cell of the mushroomAgaricus bisporuscontains two to 25 nuclei of two nuclear types originating from two parental strains. Using RNA-sequencing data, we assess the differential mRNA contribution of individual nuclear types and its functional impact. We studied differential expression between genes of the two nuclear types, P1 and P2, throughout mushroom development in various tissue types. P1 and P2 produced specific mRNA profiles that changed through mushroom development. Differential regulation occurred at the gene level, rather than at the locus, chromosomal, or nuclear level. P1 dominated mRNA production throughout development, and P2 showed more differentially up-regulated genes in important functional groups. In the vegetative mycelium, P2 up-regulated almost threefold more metabolism genes and carbohydrate active enzymes (cazymes) than P1, suggesting phenotypic differences in growth. We identified widespread transcriptomic variation between the nuclear types ofA. bisporus. Our method enables studying nucleus-specific expression, which likely influences the phenotype of a fungus in a polykaryotic stage. Our findings have a wider impact to better understand gene regulation in fungi in a heterokaryotic state. This work provides insight into the transcriptomic variation introduced by genomic nuclear separation.

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