scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection among preschool-aged children from Panamasso village, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoudou Cisse ◽  
Ibrahim Sangare ◽  
Arthur D. Djibougou ◽  
Marc C. Tahita ◽  
Souleymane Gnissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Although schistosomiasis is well documented in school-aged children in Burkina Faso, prevalence data among preschool-aged children (PSAC) are limited and outdated, and its risk factors in this group remain poorly documented. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with Schistosoma (S.) mansoni infection among PSAC from Panamasso village, western Burkina Faso. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out among 228 children under 6 years old from Panamasso village. Sociodemographic and water contact data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration techniques were used to detect S. mansoni eggs in stool samples. Urine samples were subjected to a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) cassette test and a centrifugation method to check for both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infection, respectively. Potential risk factors for S. mansoni infection were explored using multivariable logistic regression. Results The mean age of children was 40.2 ± 15.0 months. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection as determined by Kato-Katz, formol-ether concentration and POC-CCA was 42.1%, 39.5% and 80.7%, respectively. Based on the combined results of the three methods, the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 81.1%. No case of S. haematobium infection was found. The geometric mean intensity of S. mansoni infection was 107.2 eggs per gram of feces with 54.2%, 33.3% and 12.5% of the children having light, moderate and heavy infections, respectively. Girls (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.1), a household located within 500 m from the pond (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.6) or between 500 and 1000 m from the pond (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.2), and the child’s history of going to the pond (AOR = 5.0, 95% CI 1.7–14.3) were the variables significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. Conclusion S. mansoni was the sole species infecting a high proportion of PSAC in the study area. A mass drug administration program with praziquantel is therefore urgently required for those below 6 years old. Other control strategies should include increased community-awareness and provision of safe water.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Schistosoma Mansoni Infection Among Preschool-Aged Children From Panamasso Village, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoudou Cisse ◽  
Ibrahim Sangare ◽  
Arthur D. Djibougou ◽  
Marc C. Tahita ◽  
Souleymane Gnissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Abstract BackgroundSchistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Although schistosomiasis is well documented in school-aged children in Burkina Faso, prevalence data among preschool-aged children (PSAC) are limited and outdated, and its risk factors in this group remain poorly documented. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with Schistosoma (S.) mansoni infection among PSAC from Panamasso village, western Burkina Faso.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out among 228 children under 6 years old from Panamasso village. Sociodemographic and water contact data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration techniques were used to detect S. mansoni eggs in stool samples. Urine samples were subjected to a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) cassette test and a centrifugation method to check for both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infection, respectively. Potential risk factors for S. mansoni infection were explored using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of children was 40.2 ± 15.0 months. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection as determined by Kato-Katz, formol-ether concentration, and POC-CCA was 42.1%, 39.5% and 80.7%, respectively. Based on the combined results of the three methods, the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 81.1%. No case of S. haematobium infection was found. The geometric mean intensity of S. mansoni infection was 107.2 eggs per gram of faeces with 54.2%, 33.3%, and 12.5% of the children having light, moderate, and heavy infections, respectively. Girls (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3-6.1), a household located within 500 m from the pond (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0-8.6), or between 500 and 1000 m from the pond (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2-7.2), and child’s history of going to the pond (AOR = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.7-14.3) were the variables significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. ConclusionS. mansoni was the sole species infecting a high proportion of PSAC in the study area. A mass drug administration program with praziquantel is therefore urgently required for those below 6 year-old. Other control strategies should include increased community-awareness and provision of safe water.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with Ctenocephalides felis flea infestation of peri-urban goats: a neglected parasite in an under-appreciated host

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rose Dahm ◽  
Jordana Burdon Bailey ◽  
Robert F. Kelly ◽  
Patrick Chikungwa ◽  
Julius Chulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flea Infestation

AbstractGoats are critical in mixed smallholder agricultural systems in lower and middle-income countries, while fleas are important human and animal health concerns around the world. Convenience sampling was used to describe and consider risk factors for flea infestations of peri-urban goats, with the aim of informing the iterative development of animal husbandry and management based control strategies. Seven hundred and ninety-two goats were examined in 228 households across 10 peri-urban communities surrounding Blantyre in southern Malawi. The prevalence of Ctenocephalides felis fleas was 18.3, 37.1 and 100% at the levels of individual goats, households and communities, respectively, highlighting a neglected human and animal health concern. Constant introduction of new livestock coupled to a lack of biosecurity within communities, the ubiquitous presence of dog and cat hosts for C. felis, the frequency and thoroughness of cleaning overnight goat accommodation, and goat age less than 12 months old were identified as risk factors for flea infestation. This focal cross-sectional study highlights the significance of fleas in peri-urban communities and uncovers trends and commonalities that are needed to inform sustainable disease management. The majority of the peri-urban goat keepers were female, had resided in the same community throughout their whole life and had primary level education. Advice on the planned management of fleas in livestock needs to be tailored towards this demographic group. This approach affords an opportunity to promote public health measures to address household flea infestations and zoonotic disease spread.

scholarly journals Intestinal Schistosomiasis among Primary Schoolchildren in Two On-Shore Communities in Rorya District, Northwestern Tanzania: Prevalence, Intensity of Infection and Associated Risk Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Z. Munisi ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
Emmanuel A. Mpolya ◽  
Safari M. Kinung’hi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

In Tanzania,Schistosoma mansoniis of great public health importance. Understanding the prevalence and infection intensity is important for targeted, evidence-based control strategies. This study aimed at studying the prevalence, intensity, and risk factors ofS. mansoniamong schoolchildren in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Busanga and Kibuyi villages. Sampled 513 schoolchildren provided stool specimens which were examined using kato-katz method. Pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and associated risk factors. The prevalence ofS. mansoniinfection was 84.01%, with geometric mean egg intensity of 167.13 (95% CI: 147.19–189.79) eggs per gram of stool (epg). Other parasites detected wereAscaris lumbricoides(1.4%) and hookworms (1.4%). The geometric mean infection intensity in Busanga and Kibuyi were 203.70 (95% CI: 169.67–244.56) and 135.98 (95% CI: 114.33–161.73) epg, respectively. Light, moderate, and heavy infection intensities were 34.11%, 39.91%, and 25.99%, respectively. Village of residence, parent’s level of education, toilet use, and treatment history were predictors of infection. The high prevalence and infection intensity in this study were associated with village, parent’s level of education, inconsistent toilet use, and treatment history. To control the disease among at-risk groups, these factors need to be considered in designing integrated schistosomiasis control interventions.

scholarly journals Seasonal Depiction of Malariometric Indices in Children under Five Years in a Sudanese Semi-urban Area of Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
San M. Ouattara ◽  
Alphonse Ouédraogo ◽  
Alfred B. Tiono ◽  
Benjamin Sombié ◽  
Amidou Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
Transmission Period

Aims: Malariometric indices are essential for the assessment of both new therapies and control strategies. As part of the characterization of a new malaria clinical trial site, this study was carried out to assess malariometric indices during the two seasons of a Sudanese area of Burkina Faso, in children aged under five years. Study Design: Two community-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted as follow: the first during the rainy season of 2009 and the second during the following dry season. Socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded. A finger prick blood sample was collected to perform malaria blood films and to measure the hemoglobin level. Results: Malaria parasitemia prevalence was 55.2% (N = 677) in the rainy season with a geometric mean of parasite density (GMPD) of 3439 trophozoites/µl against 23.3% (N = 720) in the dry season with a GMPD of 1368 trophozoites/µl. Gametocytemia prevalence was 21.7% and 6.5% respectively in rainy and dry season while splenomegaly prevalence was 11.2% (N = 689) in rainy season against 4.2% (N = 752) in dry season. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dl) was 90.0% in rainy season and 70.6% in dry season. All indices in rainy season were statistically higher than those in dry season (p-value < 0.0001). The odds of parasite carriage were 3 to 5 times higher in rainy season compared to dry season (95% CI for OR = [3.1, 5.0]). Conclusion: The site is located in a seasonal hyper-endemic malaria area and seems appropriate for the conduct of malaria drugs or vaccines studies. Though the gap between seasons is considerable, the residual level of parasite carriage during low transmission period is not negligible and may command the development of strategies targeting this specific period, to break the chain of transmission of the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Typhoid Fever in Children Attending “Deo Gratias” Hospital in Douala, Littoral Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teh Exodus Akwa ◽  
Nguimbous Simone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Typhoid fever is a communicable disease transmitted by the bacteria Salmonella typhi, related to serotype paratyphi A, B and C. The disease is of a significant health concern in most developing countries especially Cameroon. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of typhoid fever in children ( 0-18 years) attending the &ldquo;Deo Gratias&rdquo; hospital in Douala. Method: A hospital base cross sectional study from August to September 2018 was carried out in patients&rsquo; age 0-18 years suffering from typhoid fever at the Deo gratias Catholic hospital. Widal slide agglutination test was the diagnostic test used. Positive tested patients were administered questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practice toward the disease, as well as their self-management abilities. Data obtained from respondents was analysed by descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA and means comparison using Tukey&rsquo;s test (&alpha; = 0.05) was performed to check whether the population of respondents differed significantly across risk factor practices. Results were finally presented on bar charts, tables and pie chart. Results: Typhoid fever was more prevalent in females (52.3%) than in males (47.7%), with a high proportion in the ages 5-9 years (38.6%). A significant difference was observed in population of respondents across risk factor practices. Conclusion: Water quality have a great impact on the burden of typhoid fever among children. The identification of risk factors associated to the disease is of great importance in the development of rational control strategies of the disease.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis A Virus Infection among Pregnant Women at the Samandin Medical Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rouamba Poda Somda Hortense ◽  
Ouoba Jean Bienvenue ◽  
Traoré Kuan Abdoulaye ◽  
Ouoba Bruno Lalidia ◽  
Kagambéga Asséta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Care Test

Aims: This study determined prevalence and possible risk factors associated with HAV infection and compared Immunochromatography (IgG) rapid point of care test with standard ELISA test for diagnosis. Study Design:  Cross sectional epidemiological survey. Place and duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Samandin Medical Center (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso), from July 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: A total of 180 pregnant women were recruited at the Samandin Medical Center. Anti-HAV IgM and IgG detection tests were performed using AccuDiag™ HAV ELISA kit (Calabasas, CA, USA) and SD BIOLINE HAV IgG/IgM Rapid Diagnostic Test (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Results: IgG anti-HAV antibodies (AccuDiag Elisa) were found with a prevalence of 88.9% (160/180) and Anti-HAV IgM were 1.1% (2/180). Of the 160 AccuDiag HAV IgG positive samples, 44.4% (80/180) tested positive using SD BIOLINE Diagnostics HAV IgG. Regarding risk factors, 86.9% (86/99) of the IgG positive women were illiterate; 90.7% (39/43) lived mostly in peripheral areas; 89.2% (74/83) were household workers and 88.6% (93/105) used fountain water. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated poor agreement between the assays tested, which are consistent with previous reports demonstrating significant variability between HAV ELISA and RDT HAV. Moreover, the detection of HAV specific IgM antibodies in two asymptomatic pregnant women signaled the current circulation of HAV in this area.

scholarly journals Urogenital schistosomiasis burden in school-aged children in Tiko, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, intensity, knowledge and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele ◽  
Doris Bennen Tabi ◽  
Rene Ning Teh ◽  
Anne Longdoh Njunda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background This study aimed at determining urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) prevalence, intensity, knowledge and risk factors in school-aged children (SAC) in the new endemic focus of Tiko, Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study including 389 SAC of both sexes aged 5–15 years was carried out between April and June 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, clinical and predisposing factors. Urine sample collected was used to detect Schistosoma haematobium eggs by filtration technique and microhaematuria by Heme dipstick COMBI 11. Logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors of UGS. Results The overall prevalence of UGS was 37.0% (CI 32.4–41.9) and 32.6% (CI 28.2–37.5) were positive by egg excretion while 24.4% (CI 20.4–28.9) by haematuria. S. haematobium egg excretion and haematuria were significantly higher in males (P = 0.016; P = 0.049) and children 12–15 years old (P = 0.009; P = 0.002), respectively. The mean number of eggs per 10 mL of urine was 77.6 (10.2) and ranged from 2 to 400. The proportion of light intensity of infection was higher (67.7%, CI 59.2–75.2) with no significant differences by sex, age and residence. However, the older children were more heavily infected when compared to the younger children, who had more of light infection. Overall, the mean knowledge score 1.42 (CI 1.32–1.51) on a scale of 6, was poor and the proportion of good knowledge of the disease (23.14%, CI 19.2–27.6) was low. Stream water contact (AOR = 4.94; P = 0.001) was the only significant risk factor identified. Conclusion Urogenital schistosomiasis is of public health concern among SAC in Tiko, Cameroon. Most participants have poor knowledge about the disease, hence education on vector-borne diseases and the avoidance of stream water contact should be implemented.

scholarly journals Joint spatial mapping of childhood anemia and malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study of small-scale geographical disparities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2692-2712
Author(s):  
Rasheed A Adeyemi ◽  
Temesgen Zewotir ◽  
Shaun Ramroop
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Childhood Anemia ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: In epidemiological studies, several diseases share common risk factors or co-exist in their spatial prevalence. Disease mapping allows the health practitioners and epidemiologists to hypothesize the disease aetiology and gain better understanding of the geographical prevalence of the disease risks.Objective: This paper investigates the differences in small scale geographical variations and the underlying risk factors of child’s health outcomes (anemia, stunting and wasting) in Sub-Saharan Africa using spatial epidemiology. Method: The study first carried out an independent univariate analysis on each malnutrition indicator to identify underlying risk factors. A multivariate conditional autoregressive prior was explored to jointly model the spatial correlation between the undernutrition indicators and the small area-geographical disparities at sub-national levels in two sub-Saharan African countries.Results: The approach was implemented on data from National cross-sectional household- based demographic and health surveys conducted in 17,307 under-five children in Burkina Faso and Mozambique in 2010-2012. Out of these children, 31.8% are found to be stunted, 15.5% wasted and 30.9% had anemia among Burkina Faso children, while 42.5% of Mozambican children were stunted, 5.9% wasted and 30.9% suffered from iron-deficiency anemia. The multivariate analysis revealed that the spatial prevalence existed across regions in Burkina Faso with geographical variations in stunting estimated as: 0.7549, CI (0.4693, 1.264); wasting 0.9197; (95%CI : 0.535, 1.591)and anemia : 0.734; (0.4606, 1.214). In additin, the spatial correlation between stunting and wasting was negatively correlated: -0.998; 95% CI (-1.000, -0.984), and a perfect negative correlation;(-1) between stunting and anemia, and positive for wasting and anemia: 0.997; (0.978, 1.000). The spatial occurrence across provinces in Mozambique indicated that there was strong positive correlation between stunting and wasting; 0.986; (0.899, 1.000) and a significant negative correlation between stunting and anemia: -0.720, (-0.934, -0.308) and wasting and anemia: -0.640; (-0.903 -0.174) with individual geographical variability in child stunting: 1427, (913.6, 2268); wasting:1751, (1117, 2803) and anemia: 556, (279.5, 978.9). These extra random effect parameters computed in our multivariate approach would outperform a univariate analysis in similar studies. Our model further detected high prevalent of malnutrition and anemia in the northern Burkina Faso, but high anemia prevalent found in central Mozambique, and high stunting and wasting identified Southern Mozambique. In addition, the risk factors of malnutrition and iron deficiency anemia included household poverty, morbidity, short birth interval (less 18 months), breast feeding, antenatal attendance and maternal literacy.Conclusion: The statistical relevance of the identified risk factors in this study is useful to target specific individual interventions and the maps of the geographical inequalities in sub-national region can be used for designing nutrition interventions and allocation of scarce health resources.Keywords: Joint spatial mapping, childhood anemia, malnutrition, sub-Saharan Africa.

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

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