scholarly journals Dietary resveratrol attenuation of intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage is linked to the alteration of gut microbiota and butyrate in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqin Qiu ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xuefen Yang ◽  
Kaiguo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Abstract Background Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widespread mycotoxin that induces intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in humans and animals. Resveratrol (RES) effectively exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the protective effects of RES on alleviating DON toxicity in piglets and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of RES on growth performance, gut health and the gut microbiota in DON-challenged piglets. A total of 64 weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 21-d-old, 6.97 ± 0.10 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups (8 replicate pens per treatment, each pen containing 2 males; n = 16 per treatment) for 28 d. The piglets were fed a control diet (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with 300 mg RES/kg diet (RES group), 3.8 mg DON/kg diet (DON) or both (DON+RES) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Results DON-challenged piglets fed the RES-supplemented diet had significantly decreased D-lactate concentrations and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA and protein expression, and increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA and protein expression compared with those of DON-challenged piglets fed the unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). Compared with unsupplemented DON-challenged piglets, infected piglets fed a diet with RES showed significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levelsand increased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant genes (i.e., GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, SOD1 and NQO-1) and glutamate-cysteine-ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM) protein expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, RES supplementation significantly abrogated the increase in the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells and the protein expression of caspase3 in DON-challenged piglets (P < 0.05). Finally, RES supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Roseburia and butyrate concentrations, while decreasing the abundances of Bacteroides and unidentified-Enterobacteriaceae in DON-challenged piglets compared with DON-challenged piglets alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions RES supplementation improved gut health in DON-challenged piglets by strengthening intestinal barrier function, alleviating intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage, and positively modulating the gut microbiota. The protective effects of RES on gut health may be linked to increased Roseburia and butyrate concentrations, and decreased levels of Bacteroides and unidentified-Enterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Interaction with Gut Microbiota Plays a Causative Role in Grape Powder-Mediated Anti-Colitis Effects in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 499-499
Author(s):  
Yiying Zhao ◽  
Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Microbial Composition

Abstract Objectives Gut microbiota is recognized to play a regulatory role in gut health and diseases. Previously, in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, we found that 10% grape powder (10GP) diet, which contains 0.033% polyphenols, attenuated colitis symptoms and restored colitis-changed gut microbial composition. However, it is not clear whether microbial modulation by 10GP directly contributes to the observed protective effects. To address the question, we compared the effect of 10GP on colitis in the presence and absence of antibiotics in mice. Methods Male Balb/c mice were gavaged with either water or antibiotic cocktail (ABX) daily for 7 days. For both water and ABX-treated mice, we further divided them into three subgroups: 1) healthy control (non-DSS), 2) mice fed with control diet and treated by 1.8% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water, and 3) mice fed with 10GP diet and treated with DSS (DSS-10GP). During the study, we monitored mice’ body weight and evaluated their colitis symptoms including stool consistency and rectal bleeding. All mice were sacrificed 9–10 days after DSS administration. Results Compared with conventional mice, ABX-treated mice had lowered liver and colon weight, increased level of fecal acetate and decreased levels of fecal butyrate and propionate. For both conventional and ABX-treated mice, DSS treatment caused colitis symptoms including rectal bleeding and diarrhea, colonic tissue damage, increased spleen weight and shortened colon length. Importantly, 10GP significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms in non-ABX conventional mice, as indicated by attenuated fecal bleeding and diarrhea, reduced colonic tissue damage, and lowered spleen weight and colon weight to length ratio as inflammatory indexes. In contrast, these protective effects of 10GP were not observed in the ABX-treated mice. Conclusions 10GP diet showed protective effects against DSS-induced colitis in conventional mice, but not ABX-treated mice. This observation indicates that interaction between 10GP and gut microbiota plays a causative role in 10GP-mediated protective effects on colitis. Funding Sources California Table Grape Commission.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage as an Alternative to Antibiotics Promotes Growth Performance by Regulating Intestinal Inflammation, Intestinal Barrier Function and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongdi Zeng ◽  
Zirui Wang ◽  
Tiande Zou ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Guanhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary bacteriophage supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diet. A total of 120 weaned piglets were allotted to four dietary treatments with five pens/treatment and six piglets/pen in a 21-d feeding trial. The control diet was supplemented with 25 mg/kg quinocetone and 11.25 mg/kg aureomycin in the basal diet, while the three treatment diets were supplemented with 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg bacteriophage in the basal diet, respectively. There was no difference for growth performance and all measured indices of serum and intestinal tissues between 200 mg/kg bacteriophage group and the control group with antibiotics (P &gt; 0.05). More importantly, compared with the control diet, dietary 400 mg/kg bacteriophage inclusion increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake, and decreased feed/gain ratio and diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets (P &lt; 0.05). Also, piglets fed 400 mg/kg bacteriophage had elevated villi height (VH) in jejunum and ileum, reduced crypt depth (CD) in jejunum and ileum, and elevated VH/CD ratio in duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the control group, piglets fed 400 mg/kg bacteriophage had lower interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and higher interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration in serum, and higher secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), and tumor growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) content in the ileal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05). Besides, dietary addition with 400 mg/kg bacteriophage decreased the D-lactate concentration and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in serum, and increased the relative mRNA expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, as well as the relative protein expression of Occludin in the jejunum (P &lt; 0.05). However, the growth performance and all analyzed parameters in serum and intestinal tissues were not further improved when piglets fed 600 vs. 400 mg/kg bacteriophage (P &gt; 0.05). MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that bacteriophage regulated the microbial composition in caecum digesta, as indicated by higher observed_species, Chao1, and ACE richness indices, as well as changes in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes (P &lt; 0.05). Collectively, 400 mg/kg bacteriophage can be used as an antibiotics alternative for promoting the growth of weaned piglets. The underlying mechanism is associated with a positive effect of bacteriophage on intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Curcumin and Resveratrol Regulate Intestinal Bacteria and Alleviate Intestinal Inflammation in Weaned Piglets

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhending Gan ◽  
Wenyao Wei ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Jiamin Wu ◽  
Yongwei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Human infants or piglets are vulnerable to intestinal microbe-caused disorders and inflammation due to their rapidly changing gut microbiota and immaturity of their immune systems at weaning. Resveratrol and curcumin have significant anti-inflammatory, bacteria-regulating and immune-promoting effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with resveratrol and curcumin can change the intestinal microbiota and alleviate intestinal inflammation induced by weaning in piglets. One hundred eighty piglets weaned at 21 ± 2 d were fed a control diet (CON group) or supplemented diet (300 mg/kg of antibiotics, ANT group; 300 mg/kg of resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, HRC group; 100 mg/kg of resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, LRC group; 300 mg/kg of resveratrol, RES group; 300 mg/kg of curcumin, CUR group) for 28 days. The results showed that compared with the CON group, curcumin alone and antibiotics decreased the copy numbers of Escherichia coli. Both curcumin and resveratrol down-regulated the level of Toll-like-receptor 4 mRNA and protein expression in the intestine to inhibit the release of critical inflammation molecules (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α), and increase the secretion of immunoglobulin. Our results suggested that curcumin and resveratrol can regulate weaned piglet gut microbiota, down-regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway, alleviate intestinal inflammation, and ultimately increase intestinal immune function.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of 2’-Fucosyllactose Against E. Coli O157 Infection Are Mediated by the Regulation of Gut Microbiota and the Inhibition of Pathogen Adhesion

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyifei Wang ◽  
Yan Zou ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
Bowei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beneficial Effects

As the richest component in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) can reduce the colonization of harmful microbiota in vivo, thus lowering the risk of infection; however, the mechanism for this is still unclear. In this study, a model of Escherichia coli O157 infection in healthy adult mice was established to explore the effect of 2’-FL intervention on E. coli O157 colonization and its protective effects on mice. The results showed that 2’-FL intake reduced E. coli O157 colonization in mice intestine by more than 90% (p < 0.001), and it also reduced intestinal inflammation, increased the content of fecal short-chain fatty acids, and enhanced intestinal barrier function. These beneficial effects were attributed to the increased expression of mucins such as MUC2 (increased by more than 20%, p < 0.001), and inhibition of E. coli O157 cell adhesion (about 30% reduction, p < 0.001), and were associated with the modulation of gut microbiota composition. 2’-FL significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia, a potential probiotic, which may represent the fundamental means by which 2’-FL enhances the expression of mucin and reduces the colonization of harmful bacteria. The current study may support the use of 2’-FL in the prevention of foodborne pathogen infections in human.

scholarly journals Dietary Interventions to Prevent High Fructose Diet-associated Worsening of Colitis and Colitis-associated Tumorigenesis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Nishiguchi ◽  
Srijani Basu ◽  
Hannah A Staab ◽  
Naotake Ito ◽  
Xi Kathy Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Chronic Colitis ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
High Fructose

Abstract Diet is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. High consumption of dietary fructose has been shown to exacerbate experimental colitis, an effect mediated through the gut microbiota. This study evaluated whether dietary alterations could attenuate the detrimental effects of a high fructose diet (HFrD) in experimental colitis. First, we determined whether the pro-colitic effects of a HFrD could be reversed by switching mice from a HFrD to a control diet. This diet change completely prevented HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, in association with a rapid normalization of the microbiota. Second, we tested the effects of dietary fiber, which demonstrated that psyllium was the most effective type of fiber for protecting against HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, compared to pectin, inulin or cellulose. In fact, supplemental psyllium nearly completely prevented the detrimental effects of the HFrD, an effect associated with a shift in the gut microbiota. We next determined whether the protective effects of these interventions could be extended to chronic colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model, we first demonstrated that HFrD feeding exacerbated chronic colitis and increased colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the same dietary changes tested in the acute colitis setting, we also showed that mice were protected from HFrD-mediated enhanced chronic colitis and tumorigenesis, upon either diet switching or psyllium supplementation. Taken together, these findings suggest that high consumption of fructose may enhance colon tumorigenesis associated with long-standing colitis, an effect that could be reduced by dietary alterations.

Desmethylbellidifolin Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis: Impact on Intestinal Barrier, Intestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbiota

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wu ◽  
Yuzheng Wu ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Mengyang Liu ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Biological Drugs

AbstractUlcerative colitis has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly disturbing the colon and rectum. Clinically, the aminosalicylates, steroids, immunosuppressants, and biological drugs are generally used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis at different stages of disease progression. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs does not satisfy the patients due to the frequent drug resistance. Herein, we reported the anti-ulcerative colitis activity of desmethylbellidifolin, a xanthone isolated from Gentianella acuta, in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 2% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water to induce acute colitis. Desmethylbellidifolin or balsalazide sodium was orally administrated once a day. Biological samples were collected for immunohistological analysis, intestinal barrier function evaluation, cytokine measurement, and gut microbiota analysis. The results revealed that desmethylbellidifolin alleviated colon shortening and body weight loss in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice. The disease activity index was also lowered by desmethylbellidifolin after 9 days of treatment. Furthermore, desmethylbellidifolin remarkably ameliorated colonic inflammation through suppressing the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The intestinal epithelial barrier was strengthened by desmethylbellidifolin through increasing levels of occludin, ZO-1, and claudins. In addition, desmethylbellidifolin modulated the gut dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. These findings suggested that desmethylbellidifolin effectively improved experimental ulcerative colitis, at least partly, through maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, and modulating dysregulated gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Whey protein concentrate enhances intestinal integrity and influences transforming growth factor-β1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Xiao ◽  
Lefei Jiao ◽  
Shuting Cao ◽  
Zehe Song ◽  
Caihong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
And Control ◽  
Protein Kinase Signalling

AbstractWhey protein concentrate (WPC) has been reported to have protective effects on the intestinal barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important component in the WPC, but whether TGF-β1 plays a role in these processes is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of WPC on the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as whether TGF-β1 is involved in these protection processes in a piglet model after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In total, eighteen weanling pigs were randomly allocated to one of the following three treatment groups: (1) non-challenged control and control diet; (2) LPS-challenged control and control diet; (3) LPS+5 %WPC diet. After 19 d of feeding with control or 5 %WPC diets, pigs were injected with LPS or saline. At 4 h after injection, pigs were killed to harvest jejunal samples. The results showed that WPC improved (P<0·05) intestinal morphology, as indicated by greater villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio, and intestinal barrier function, which was reflected by increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased mucosal-to-serosal paracellular flux of dextran (4 kDa), compared with the LPS group. Moreover, WPC prevented the LPS-induced decrease (P<0·05) in claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 expressions in the jejunal mucosae. WPC also attenuated intestinal inflammation, indicated by decreased (P<0·05) mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β. Supplementation with WPC also increased (P<0·05) TGF-β1 protein, phosphorylated-Smad2 expression and Smad4 and Smad7 mRNA expressions and decreased (P<0·05) the ratios of the phosphorylated to total c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 (phospho-JNK:JNK and p-p38:p38), whereas it increased (P<0·05) the ratio of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (phospho-ERK:ERK). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary inclusion of WPC attenuates the LPS-induced intestinal injury by improving mucosal barrier function, alleviating intestinal inflammation and influencing TGF-β1 canonical Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways.

Effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and changes in gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Gil-Cardoso ◽  
Iris Ginés ◽  
Montserrat Pinent ◽  
Anna Ardévol ◽  
Mayte Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

AbstractDiet-induced obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, which, in most cases, leads to the development of metabolic disorders, primarily insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although prior studies have implicated the adipose tissue as being primarily responsible for obesity-associated inflammation, the latest discoveries have correlated impairments in intestinal immune homeostasis and the mucosal barrier with increased activation of the inflammatory pathways and the development of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is essential to define the mechanisms underlying the obesity-associated gut alterations to develop therapies to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases. Flavonoids appear to be promising candidates among the natural preventive treatments that have been identified to date. They have been shown to protect against several diseases, including CVD and various cancers. Furthermore, they have clear anti-inflammatory properties, which have primarily been evaluated in non-intestinal models. At present, a growing body of evidence suggests that flavonoids could exert a protective role against obesity-associated pathologies by modulating inflammatory-related cellular events in the intestine and/or the composition of the microbiota populations. The present paper will review the literature to date that has described the protective effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and gut microbiota in studies conducted using in vivo and in vitro models.

scholarly journals Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction Accelerates Intestinal Mucosal Healing Through Modulation of Dysregulated Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Barrier and Immune Responses in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongmei Sun ◽  
Junxiang Li ◽  
Wenting Wang ◽  
Yuyue Liu ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Epithelial Regeneration

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of multifactorial and inflammatory infirmities, is closely associated with dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolome, but effective treatments are currently limited. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction (QCWZD) is an effective and classical traditional herbal prescription for the treatment of IBD and has been proved to attenuate intestinal inflammation in a model of acute colitis. However, the role of QCWZD in recovery phase of colitis is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that mice treated with QCWZD showed a faster recovery from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced epithelial injury, accompanied by reduced mucosal inflammation and attenuated intestinal dysbiosis using bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing compared to those receiving sterile water. The protective effects of QCWZD are gut microbiota dependent, as demonstrated by fecal microbiome transplantation and antibiotics treatment. Gut microbes transferred from QCWZD-treated mice displayed a similar role in mucosal protection and epithelial regeneration as QCWZD on colitis in mice, and depletion of the gut microbiota through antibiotics treatments diminished the beneficial effects of QCWZD on colitis mice. Moreover, metabolomic analysis revealed metabolic profiles alternations in response to the gut microbiota reprogrammed by QCWZD intervention, especially enhanced tryptophan metabolism, which may further accelerate intestinal stem cells-mediated epithelial regeneration to protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signals. Collectively, our results suggested that orally administrated QCWZD accelerates intestinal mucosal healing through the modulation of dysregulated gut microbiota and metabolism, thus regulating intestinal stem cells-mediated epithelial proliferation, and hold promise for novel microbial-based therapies in the treatment of IBD.

scholarly journals Butyric and Citric Acids and Their Salts in Poultry Nutrition: Effects on Gut Health and Intestinal Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10392
Author(s):  
Mebratu Melaku ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Fan Wan ◽  
Bao Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Poultry Nutrition

Intestinal dysfunction of farm animals, such as intestinal inflammation and altered gut microbiota, is the critical problem affecting animal welfare, performance and farm profitability. China has prohibited the use of antibiotics to improve feed efficiency and growth performance for farm animals, including poultry, in 2020. With the advantages of maintaining gut homeostasis, enhancing digestion, and absorption and modulating gut microbiota, organic acids are regarded as promising antibiotic alternatives. Butyric and citric acids as presentative organic acids positively impact growth performance, welfare, and intestinal health of livestock mainly by reducing pathogenic bacteria and maintaining the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pH. This review summarizes the discovery of butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and their salt forms, molecular structure and properties, metabolism, biological functions and their applications in poultry nutrition. The research findings about BA, CA and their salts on rats, pigs and humans are also briefly reviewed. Therefore, this review will fill the knowledge gaps of the scientific community and may be of great interest for poultry nutritionists, researchers and feed manufacturers about these two weak organic acids and their effects on intestinal health and gut microbiota community, with the hope of providing safe, healthy and nutrient-rich poultry products to consumers.

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