scholarly journals The teratogenic effect of pregabalin on heart, liver and kidney in rats: a light microscopic, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia I. Ismail ◽  
Eman S. Shaltout ◽  
Nora Z. Abdellah ◽  
Diab F. Hetta ◽  
Wael M. A. Abd El-Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background Pregabalin (PGB) was approved as new anti-epileptic drugs with little information about its teratogenic effect. Aim of the work to evaluate the developmental toxicity of PGB. Materials and methods 60 pregnant albino rats were divided into three groups. PGB (500 mg/kg body weight/day) was given to group II, PGB (1250 mg/kg body weight/day) was given to Group III and no medications were given to group I. The pups were normally delivered. Liver, kidney and heart specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies. Results A dose of 500 mg of PGB had minimal toxic effects in the form of mild collagen deposition and moderate positive caspase-3 immunoexpression. PGB dose of 1250 mg/kg induced gross toxic effects in form of degenerated cardiac myofibres, ruptured blood vessels, vacuolations in the renal cortex, fibrosis and strong positive caspase-3 immunoexpression. Conclusion PGB at dose of 500 mg/kg revealed minimal toxic changes. PGB cause embryotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, as the higher dose induced more degenerative changes.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL EFFECT OF CURCUMIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diarrheal Episode

Turmeric has been used in traditional medicine as household remedy for various diseases including biliary diseases, cough, hepatic diseases, wound healing and diarrhea etc. Curcumin is the active salt present in turmeric. This study was carried out to provide scientic basis for the use of curcumin in diarrhea and to compare it with standard medicine i.e. Loperamide. The albino rats were divided into ve groups of six animals in each group. Group I (control) received vehicular uid. Group II (positive control) received standard drug for diarrhea i.e. loperamide at the dose of 2mg/kg body weight. Group III, IVand Vwere administered curcumin intragastrically by the naso-gastric tube, in the dose of 500mg/kg, 750mg/kg and 1 gm/kg body weight respectively, suspended in normal saline. After one hour of above treatment, 1 ml of castor oil was given intragastrically to all the overnight-fasted animals to induce diarrhea. Each animal was housed separately and observed for time of onset and number of diarrheal episode for 4 hours. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 11. Remarkable anti-diarrheal effect of curcumin against castor oil induced diarrhea was observed in dose dependent manner. From the present study, we can draw a conclusion that, Curcumin have signicant anti-diarrheal effect. It may be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of CD3, TNF-α, and VEGF Induced by Olanzapine on the Spleen of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sahar Youssef ◽  
Marwa Salah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii

Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug effective in the treatment of stress-associated psychiatric illnesses, but its effect on the spleen remains unclear. Vitamin C is essential for the optimum function of the immune system. We aim to investigate the effect of Olanzapine on spleen structures and to assess the protective effect of vitamin C. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group (I), a control; group (II), rats were given vitamin C at 40 mg/kg body weight; group (III), rats were given Olanzapine at 2 mg/kg body weight; and group (IV), rats were given vitamin C and Olanzapine at the same dose of group (II) and group (III) for one month. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) of the olanzapine treated group showed focal areas of cellular depletion and a decrease in the size of the white pulp. The red pulp was expanded and showed marked congestion and dilatation of blood sinusoids. Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) was significantly reduced, however both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly higher. The administration of vitamin C repaired structural and immunohistochemical changes via increased CD3 and decreased TNF-α and VEGF. Therefore, the oxidative and the inflammatory pathways may be the possible mechanisms underlying olanzapine immunotoxicity. Vitamin C exerted immune modulator and antioxidant effects against olanzapine.

scholarly journals Effect of Amomum subulatum seeds against cypermethrin induced haematological changes in wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Goutham Sagarkatte Puttanna ◽  
Purushotham K. ◽  
Swarnalatha Nayak ◽  
Eesha B. Rao ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Amomum Subulatum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Cypermethrin is a well know agricultural pesticide used in the developing countries. It is associated with significant toxic potential on human health. Hence the present study was aimed to evaluate the protective role of Amomum subulatum against cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes in Wistar albino rats.Methods: The albino rats were divided into five different groups of six rats each. Group I considered as normal control, group II cypermethrin control (25mg/kg body weight p.o.), group III only test drug and group IV and V administered with cypermethrin 25mg/kg body weight along test drug 1.08 and 2.16mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. At the end of 28th day blood was withdrawn and total haematalogical parameters were estimated.Results: In the cypermethrin control there was significant reduction in the WBC, Platelet, MCHC and considerable reduction in the haemoglobulin concentration in comparison to normal control. The test drug administered at both dose levels was significantly reversed the cypermethrin induced changes in haematalogical parameters.Conclusions: Authors can conclude that the Amomum subulatum has potency to reverse the cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and diuretic activity of Euphorbia granulata

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Saleem ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
M. Shoaib Ali Gill
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diuretic Agent

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate diuretic activity of aqueous methanolic extract of <em>Euphorbia granulate</em> in rats. Albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as reference, Group II as standard and Group III, IV and V served as test. The three doses of extract (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were given to rats (i.p) in acute diuretic model. Furosemide (10 mg/kg i.p) was used as standard drug. The extract induced diuretic effects and induced electrolytes excretion in a dose-dependent manner when compared with control. The extract (100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.01) increased the volume of urine in comparison to control group. Similarly, the excretion of potassium and sodium were also significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased following extract administration. However, there was no significant change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated group compared with control. The result of this study thus offers support to the traditional folker use of this plant as a diuretic agent.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Alpha-tocopherol on E-cigarette liquid induced histomorphological changes in adrenal cortex of male Albino rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 520-526
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
Mehreen Lashari ◽  
Muhammad Imran Bajwa ◽  
Jahanzaib Lashari ◽  
Syeda Sara Bano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: To study the ameliorative effect of Alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) against E-cigarette induced histomorphalogical changes in adrenal cortex of male Albino rats. Study Design: Randomized Animal Control Trial. Setting: Department of Anatomy, Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad. Period: September 2018 to September 2019. Material & Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were divided in three groups having 10 rats each. Normal diet and distilled water was given to control group (Group I) including 10 rats, for 4 weeks. The Rats of Group II were injected E-cigarette liquid 0.5mg per kg body weight per day diluted in 500ul normal saline intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The experimental rats in Group III, in addition to E-cigarette liquid also received Vitamin E, 100mg per kg body weight per day mixed in daily diet. Dissection of the animals was done after completion of 4 weeks and adrenal gland was removed for histological analysis. Data was recorded and analyzed in SPSS™ version 21. Results: Alpha-Tocopherol restored the quantitative changes induced by E-Cigarette liquid in adrenal cortex in Group III, which was increased in the rats of Group II who were injected E-Cigarette liquid. Among microscopic parameters Orientation of cells, sinusoidal dilatation was significantly reduced in all adrenal cortex zones by Alpha-Tocopherol in Group III animals. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that Alpha-Tocopherol had an ameliorative effect on histological changes caused by E-cigarette liquid on adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nephroprotective activity of Tinospora cordifolia against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats: an experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Jyoti Pundir ◽  
Pinki Vishwakarma ◽  
Raj Kumar Goel ◽  
Manish Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Background: Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity is a major contributor to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) resulting from free radicals induced oxidative stress. Tinospora cordifolia is an Indian medicinal plant, widely used because of its antioxidant activity. Due to limited scientific literature exploring its nephroprotective potential, the present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.Methods: The study was commenced following approval from Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut (UP). Twenty four rats were randomised into four groups of six animals each. Total duration of study was 21 days. Group I received normal saline p.o., group II received normal saline along with gentamicin on last 5 days, group III and IV received Tinospora cordifolia in graded doses p.o. along with gentamicin on last 5 days. Injection gentamicin (40mg/kg) i.p. was given once daily for last 5 days to induce nephrotoxicity in rats of groups II, III and IV. The rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia, blood samples analysed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels and histopathological changes were studied. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc test.Results: Tinospora cordifolia pre-treated groups exhibited significant (p<0.001) limitation in rise in levels of BUN and serum creatinine in a dose dependent manner. Histolopathological observations further corroborated the biochemical findings.Conclusions: The present study concluded that aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia possesses nephroprotective potential against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals The Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Role of Crocin against Expression of MMp-9, TIMP-1, MCP-1, Caspase-3, PPARα in Heart Tissue, and Metamorphoses of MicroRNA 188 in Hyperhomocysteinemic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Samy A. Hussein ◽  
Tahia E. Ahmed ◽  
Aziza Amin ◽  
Aliaa H. Ali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gene Expression Level ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Crocin (a water-soluble carotenoid) is the most abundant antioxidant among active constituents of Crocus sativus. Crocin has protective effects on brain, skeletal muscle, and kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury models via its antioxidant properties. The protective and anti-inflammatory effect of crocin against L-methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats was evaluated. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I (control normal): rats fed ordinary diet without any treatment. Group II (L-methionine-induced HHcy): rats received L-methionine (1.7 g/kg body weight/day) orally for 8 weeks continuously. Group III (HHcy 1 crocin): rats received crocin in dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day, I.P.) for 4 weeks after induction of HHcy. The results obtained showed a significant increase in serum Hcy concentration and upregulation of NF-kβ gene expression in liver tissue and also in the gene expression level of TIMP-1, MMp-9, MCP-1, Caspase-3, and PPARα in heart tissues with significant downregulation of serum miRNA188 gene expression level in hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy) rats. However, crocin treatment to HHcy induced in rats significantly improved all previous indicators to its normal ranges. The histopathological findings revealed that crocin treatment markedly reduced the HHcy-induced pathological changes and displayed marked improvement with normal histological architecture of the heart and brain tissues. These results suggested that crocin had a potentially ameliorating role with powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on cardiac tissue, as revealed by suppression of proinflammatory mediators and secretion through inhibition of NF-kB signaling pathways, which may lead to upregulated miR-188 gene expression, suppress proapoptotic Caspase-3, and may protect from heart tissue injury against HHcy.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Suppression of Mesangial-Cell Proliferation by Trapidil in Glomerulonephritis Induced by Anti-Thymocyte Serum in Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Razzaque ◽  
M Cheng ◽  
T Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mesangial Cell ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mesangial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Group Ii

Trapadil (Mochida Pharmaceuticals, Japan), an antiplatelet drug, suppresses the growth of several cell types and is thought to antagonize platelet-derived growth factor. The effects of trapidil on mesangial-cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis induced by anti-thymocyte serum in Wistar rats were investigated. Control rats were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (group I); group II rats were injected with a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight), and group III rats were treated with both a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight) and with trapidil (5 mg/kg body weight/day). Three rats in each group were killed on day 3, and the other three on day 10. Control rats showed no significant histological changes on day 3 or day 10. In group II, on day 3, there was a marked decrease in glomerular cell numbers, with mesangiolysis. Histologically severe mesangial-cell proliferation with expansion of mesangial areas was noted on day 10. None of the rats in group III showed mesangial alterations, histologically, indicating that mesangial-cell proliferation was suppressed by trapidil. This suppression may result from antagonism of the binding of platelet derived growth factor to the specific surface receptors in the mesangial cells. Trapidil may have clinical value in the treatment of mesangial-cell proliferative glomerular diseases.

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