Biochemical response and nutrient uptake of two arbuscular mycorrhiza-inoculated chamomile varieties under different osmotic stresses

Abstract Background Water-deficit stress is known as one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting the growth of plants through marked reduction of water uptake, which leads to osmotic stress by lowering water potential. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, can significantly reduce the adverse effects of water deficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformis mosseae on nutrient uptake and certain physiological traits of two chamomile varieties, namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári (Sor) under osmotic stress. For pot culture, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three factors: osmotic stress (PEG 6000) was applied along with Hoagland solution at three levels (0, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa), two German chamomile varieties (Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksari (Sor)), and AM inoculation (Funneliformis mosseae species (fungal and non-fungal)) at four replications in perlite substrate. Results Osmotic stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N and P) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under osmotic stress. Regarding the Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing the adverse effects of osmotic stress. Under osmotic stress, the growth and total dry weight were improved upon AM inoculation. Conclusions In general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients and increased the level of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes; hence, it improved plant characteristics under osmotic stress in both varieties. However, it was found to be more effective in reducing stress damages in the Sor variety.

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Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties under Different Water Potentials

10.21203/rs.3.rs-600084/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽

Amin Salehi ◽

Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi ◽

Amin Mirshekari ◽

Mohammad Hamidian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Crop Production ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Dry Weight

Abstract BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) fungi can significantly reduce the adverse effects of water deficiency. This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformis mosseae on nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári (Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three factors: water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) was applied along with Hoagland solution at three levels (0, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa), two German chamomile varieties (Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksari (Sor)) and AM inoculation (Funneliformis mosseae species (fungal and non-fungal)) at four replications in perlite substrate. ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing the adverse effects of water-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.

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Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties Under Different Water Potentials

10.21203/rs.3.rs-600084/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽

Amin Salehi ◽

Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi ◽

Amin Mirshekari ◽

Mohammad Hamidian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Crop Production ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Dry Weight

Abstract BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) can significantly reduce theadverseeffectsofwater deficiency.This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformismosseaeon nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári(Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a hydroponic system within a completely randomized design considering four replications. Three levels of water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) were taken into account at water potentials of -0.4 and -0.8MPa. The second factor was AM inoculation.ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing theadverseeffectsofwater-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.

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Submergence of Rice. II. Adverse Effects of Low CO2 Concentrations

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9890265 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

TL Setter ◽

H Greenway ◽

T Kupkanchanakul

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Low Co2 ◽

Co2 Concentrations ◽

Insoluble Material ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Phytotron Experiments

Submergence of rice in water at low CO2 concentrations was studied in phytotron experiments using plants in the 3rd to 4th leaf stage. Cultivars known to differ in tolerance to complete submergence were adversely affected by the same mechanisms but to a different degree. Submergence for 4-12 days either reduced dry weight production of the whole plant by 6 to 10 fold or even resulted in a loss of dry weight. Nevertheless, the emerging leaf elongated, and both ethanol insoluble material and protein content increased with time. These increases were associated with translocation of dry matter and nitrogen from expanded to expanding leaves. Submergence also reduced concentrations of soluble sugars and starch in all plant parts by 4 to 12 fold. In contrast, concentrations of potassium and free amino acids in shoots were either the same or, in the case of the emerging leaf, higher than in plants which were not submerged. These results indicate (i) these solutes were not limiting growth and (ii) the tissues retained their semipermeability to these solutes during submergence. Insufficient capacity of root metabolism in submerged plants was indicated by low rates of respiration, which persisted in the presence of glucose, and by a low ability to consume ethanol. A model is presented on the adverse effects of submergence of rice which considers possible interactions between CO2, low O2 and high ethylene concentrations.

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Aplikasi Mikoriza Arbuskula Untuk Meningkatkan Serapan Fosfat, Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

EnviroScienteae ◽

10.20527/es.v15i1.6323 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Muhammad Mujibur Rahman ◽

Akhmad Rizalli Saidy ◽

Chatimatun Nisa

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Quartz Sand ◽

Phosphate Uptake ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Fertilization ◽

The University

One of the problems in phosphate nutrient fertilization is a low level of efficiency, so the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza is often done to increase phosphate uptake. In this study mycorrhizal was applied to shallots which were given P fertilizer to assess the effect of mycorrhizal applications on growth, yield, and phosphate uptake. This research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture's Greenhouse of the University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru from March to May 2016. The seed of shallot was grown on 5 kg of soil and quartz sand (3:1) fertilized by P (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg SP-36 ha-1) and applied with mycorrhiza (without and with 10 g of plant-1 mycorrhizal inoculum) at planting. The observations made after 75 days after planting showed that the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza was effected to improve several observation variables, namely plant dry weight, bulb dry weight, phosphate nutrient uptake, and phosphate efficiency. The application of mycorrhiza at phosphate doses of 250 kg SP-36 ha-1 can increase plant dry weight by 97% and bulb dry weight by 203% compared to without mycorrhiza. Whereas the application of mycorrhiza at a phosphate dose of 100 kg SP-36 ha-1 is the best and most efficient treatment to increase phosphate nutrient uptake and phosphate efficiency. The results of this study show that the application of mycorrhizal can increase nutrient uptake of phosphate which ultimately increases the growth and production of shallot plants.

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Performances of different sources of arbuscular mycorrhiza on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20067 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

MAH Bhuiyan ◽

ME Ali ◽

MR Khatun ◽

F Alam ◽

MB Banu

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Different Sources

An experiment on the effect of different sources of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on tomato seedlings (var. Roma VF) was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during rabi 2007-08 and 2008-09. Eight sources of AM fungi viz., AM-01 (Jessore), AM-02 (Rahmatpur), AM-03 (Joydebpur), AM-04 (Ullapara), AM-05 (Jamalpur), AM-06 (Hathazari), AM-07 (Ishurdi), and AM-08 (Rajshahi) were studied along with a control and mixed sources on tomato seedlings. Soil based AM inoculum at the rate of 2.0 kg/m2 was used. Biomass yield of tomato (Roma VF) increased from 14.8% to 53.6% in 2007-08 and 32.1% to 58.4% in 2008-09 over control by inoculation with different sources of AM. The highest biomass yield (301 mg/seedling) of tomato (Roma VF) was observed with AM-05 (Jamalpur source), which was higher to all AM sources except AM-07 (Ishurdi source). Nutrient uptake by tomato seedlings was improved by inoculation with AM fungi. The AM fungi from all the sources appeared to be effective in enhancing the growth and development of tomato seedlings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20067 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 23-31, March 2014

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Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and hedgerow trees to the yield and nutrient uptake of cassava in an alley-cropping system

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698005516 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

O. FAGBOLA ◽

O. OSONUBI ◽

K. MULONGOY

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Alley Cropping ◽

Cropping System ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

P Uptake ◽

Root Competition ◽

Woody Legumes ◽

Woody Legume

A field trial on alley-cropping was conducted at the University of Ibadan research farm in the 1990/91 cropping season to assess the contributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and hedgerow woody legumes to the yield and nutrient uptake of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an intercrop in an infertile soil. The trial also investigated the influence of AM fungi on the interplanting of a non-nodulating woody legume Senna siamea (syn. Cassia siamea) with a nodulating woody legume (Leucaena leucocephala).AM contributions to cassava were greater than the hedgerow contributions, which demonstrated that AM associations are an essential component in the nutrition of cassava. In contrast to cassava, AM inoculation only influenced the leaf dry weight and uptake of nutrients of non-interplanted woody legumes but not the above-ground biomass and P uptake of interplanted woody legumes. However, non-inoculated interplanted Leucaena benefited more from indigenous AM fungi than the competing Senna. The negative contributions to the nutrient uptake (K, Ca and Mg) of cassava by hedgerows and the lack of response to AM inoculation in interplanted hedgerow woody legumes could be attributed to root competition among the different plant species growing in close proximity to each other. The present results show that cassava benefits more from AM association than Leucaena which in turn benefits more than Senna in an alley-cropping system.

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Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03097-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Irshad ◽

Faizan Ullah ◽

Shah Fahad ◽

Sultan Mehmood ◽

Asif Ullah Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Stress ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Carotenoid Content

Abstract Background Organic mulches are widely used in crop production systems. Due to their benefits in improving soil fertility, retention of soil moisture and weed control. Field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to evaluate the effects of Jatropha leaves mulch on the growth of wheat varieties ‘Wadan-17’ (rainfed) and ‘Pirsabaq-2013’ (irrigated) under well irrigated and water stress conditions (non-irrigated maintaining 40% soil field capacity). Jatropha mulch was applied to the soil surface at 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha−1 before sowing grains in the field. Under conditions of water stress, Jatropha mulch significantly maintained the soil moisture content necessary for normal plant growth. Results We noted a decrease in plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll, and carotenoid content due to water stress. However, water stress caused an increase in leaf and root phenolics content, leaf soluble sugars and electrolytes leakage. We observed that Jatropha mulch maintained LRWC, plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content under water stress. Moreover, water stress adverse effects on leaf soluble sugar content and electrolyte leakage were reversed to normal by Jatropha mulch. Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that Jatropha leaves mulch will minimize water stress adverse effects on wheat by maintaining soil moisture and plant water status.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization Enhanced Early Growth ofMallotus paniculatusandAlbizia samanunder Nursery Conditions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2014/898494 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dewi Wulandari ◽

Saridi ◽

Weiguo Cheng ◽

Keitaro Tawaraya

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

P Uptake ◽

Forest Conversion ◽

Opencast Mining ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Forest over logging, forest fire, forest conversion, and opencast mining have promoted deforestation in Indonesia, and reforestation is needed immediately. However, reforestation is limited by low seedling quality and production, and slow seedling growth in nurseries. Native tropical tree and fast-growing species,Mallotus paniculatusandAlbizia saman, are potential to promote the first rotation of reforestation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to promote nutrient uptake and plant growth. We examined the effects of two native AM fungi,Gigaspora decipiensandGlomus clarum, on the growth ofM. paniculatusandA. samanseedlings under nursery conditions. At harvest, after six months, we determined AM colonization, shoot dry weight, and shoot N and P concentration. Approximately 90% and 50% ofM. paniculatusandA. samanroots, respectively, were colonized by AM fungi, without any difference between the inoculation treatments.G. decipiensandG. clarumincreased shoot height, leaf number, shoot dry weight, and shoot N and P uptake of both species. A positive correlation was observed between N and P uptake and shoot dry weight. These results suggest that AM fungi are effective in accelerating nutrient uptake and plant growth, which will, in turn, promote reforestation and sustainable forest timber production.

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Effects of Inoculation with Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Pea Grown in Soil

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v27i1.9164 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

ARM Solaiman ◽

D Khanam ◽

AJM Sirajul Karim ◽

MA Karim

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Dual Inoculation

The experiment was conducted in pot at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to study the response of pea (Pisum sativum) cv. IPSA Motorshuti-3 to dual inoculation with Rhizobium (R) and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) in presence and absence of phosphorus (P) on root colonization, spore population, nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by shoot. The performance of Rhizobium inoculant alone was superior to control in all the parameters of the crop studied. Among the treatments dual inoculation with Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in combination with 25 kg P ha-1 performed best in recording per cent root colonization, number and dry weight of nodules, dry weight of shoots, nitrogenase activity, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, pod and seed yields, and nutrient uptake by pea. This treatment combination recorded green pod yield of 12.0 g/plant (140 % increase over control) and mature pod yield of 7.0 g/plant (146% increase over control). The effect of this treatment was however similar to the effect of dual inoculation with R and AM in combination with 12.5 kg P ha-1 in most of the parameters. From the view point of nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth, and yield of pea, dual inoculation with Rhizobium inoculant and arbuscular mycorrhiza in combination with 25 kg P ha-1 was considered to be the best for the supply of balanced combination of nutrients for achieving the maximum output through cultivation of pea in Shallow Red Brown Terrace soil of Bangladesh. Keywords: Pea; Rhizobium; Arbuscular mycorrhiza; Phosphorus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v27i1.9164 BJM 2010; 27(1): 22-27

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AM Fungi Influences the Photosynthetic Activity, Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes in Allium sativum L. under Salinity Condition

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb245434 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 64-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mahesh BORDE ◽

Mayura DUDHANE ◽

Paramjit Kaur JITE

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Moderate Salinity

Potential of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in alleviating adverse salt effects on growth was tested in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Towards this objective we analyzed the AM root colonization and the activities of various antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM salinity levels. The activities of all the antioxidant enzymes studied were found to be increased in AM garlic plants. Antioxidant activity was maximum in 100 and 200 mM NaCl (sodium chloride) in AM and non-AM plants. Proline accumulation was induced by salt levels and it was more in leaves as well as roots of AM plants as compared to non-AM plants, this indicating that mycorrhiza reduced salt injury. Growth parameters of garlic plants like leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight and antioxidant enzyme activities were higher at moderate salinity level. This work suggests that the mycorrhiza helps garlic plants to perform better under moderate salinity level by enhancing the antioxidant activity and proline content as compared to non-AM plants.

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