Study of the toxicological effect of mitomycin C in mice: alteration on the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals used for renal eva uations

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Gomes ◽  
D Mm de mattos ◽  
R de souza freitas ◽  
R Jac Bezerral ◽  
M Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
99Mtc Radiopharmaceuticals ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Well Counter

Mitomycin C (MMC) has been used as a component of many chemotherapeutic regimens and some toxic effects of this substance have been reported. As it has been reported that the toxicological effect of a drug can alter the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals and because patients on chemotherapeutic treatment can be submitted to a nuclear medicine procedure, we investigated whether MMC could affect the uptake of various technetium - 99m (99mTc) radiopharmaceuticals used for renal evaluations. The purpose of this study was to suggest a model to evaluate the toxic effect of substances in specific organs. Three doses of MMC (0.45 mg) were administered to mice (N= 15). One hour after the last dose, 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals, 99mTc-diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) or 99mTc-glucoheptonic acid (99mTc-GHA), with activity of 7.4 MBq, were also administered in the treated group and in the control group (N= 15). After another 0.5 h, the animals were sacrificed. The organs were isolated, the 99mTc radiopharmaceutical uptake in the organs quantified in a well counter and the percentages of radioactivity (%ATI) calculated. The results have shown that: (i) with 99mTc-DTPA, the%ATI increased in the pancreas, ovary, uterus, stomach, kidney, spleen, thymus, heart, lung, liver, thyroid and bone; (ii) with 99mTc-DMSA, the%YATI decreased in all the organs except for the brain; and (iii) with 99mTc-GHA, the%ATI increased in the liver and decreased in the stomach, thymus, heart and thyroid. The effects of this chemotherapeutic drug on the biodistribution of these radiopharmaceuticals were statistically significant (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05) and could be explained by the metabolization and/or therapeutic action of MMC. Studies with other radiopharmaceuticals are in progress.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Leukocyte Entry into the Brain by the Selectin Blocker Fucoidin Decreases Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Levels but Increases IL-8 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis in Rabbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 3153-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Østergaard ◽  
Runa Vavia Yieng-Kow ◽  
Thomas Benfield ◽  
Niels Frimodt-Møller ◽  
Frank Espersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide fucoidin is a selectin blocker that inhibits leukocyte recruitment into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. In the present study, the effect of fucoidin treatment on the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-8 into the CSF was investigated. Rabbits (n = 7) were treated intravenously with 10 mg of fucoidin/kg of body weight every second hour starting 4 h after intracisternal inoculation of ∼106 CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (untreated control group, n = 7). CSF samples were obtained every second hour during a 16-h study period. Treatment with fucoidin caused a consistent and significant decrease in CSF IL-1 levels (in picograms per milliliter) between 12 and 16 h (0 versus 170, 0 versus 526, and 60 versus 1,467, respectively;P < 0.02). A less consistent decrease in CSF TNF-α levels was observed in the fucoidin-treated group, but with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, there was no attenuation in CSF IL-8 levels. Indeed, there was a significant increase in CSF IL-8 levels (in picograms per milliliter) in the fucoidin-treated group at 10 and 12 h (921 versus 574 and 1,397 versus 569, respectively;P < 0.09). In conclusion, our results suggest that blood-derived leukocytes mainly are responsible for the release of IL-1 and to some degree TNF-α into the CSF during pneumococcal meningitis, whereas IL-8 may be produced by local cells within the brain.

scholarly journals Effect of an extract of Aloe vera on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Maria de Carvalho Xavier Holanda ◽  
Monique Batista da Costa ◽  
Natália Chilinque Zambão da Silva ◽  
Maurício Ferreira da Silva Júnior ◽  
Vanessa Santos de Arruda Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

PURPOSE: Aloe vera is a tropical plant popularly known in Brazil as babosa. We have investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera on the biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 and laboratorial parameters in Wistar rats. METHODS: Twelve animals were divided into treated and control groups. In the treated group, Aloe vera was given by gavage (5mg/mL/day) during 10 days. The control group received sorbitol by the same way and period. One hour after the last dose, we injected 0.1mL of Na99mTcO4 by orbital plexus. After 60 min, all the animals were killed. Samples were harvested from the brain, liver, heart, muscle, pancreas, stomach, femur, kidneys, blood, testis and thyroid and the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI/g) was determined. Biochemical dosages were performed. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of %ATI/g in blood, femur, kidneys, liver, stomach, testis and thyroid and also in blood levels of AST and ALT. A significant decrease in levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea occurred. The statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney test and T-Student test (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of Aloe vera facilitated the uptake of Na99mTcO4 in organs of rats and it was responsible to a high increase of levels of AST and ALT.

scholarly journals INTELLECTUAL DISTRACTION FOR DYSMENORRHEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Veryudha Eka Prameswari ◽  
ASIROTUL MA’RIFAH ◽  
NANING PUJI SURYANTINI ◽  
INDAH KUSMINDART
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Face Pain ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group Population ◽  
The Brain

Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual problem that usually occurs in young women. When dysmenorrhea, interferes with activity, non-pharmacological treatment will be an alternative to reduce dysmenorrhea. One way to deal with pain in a non-pharmacological way is by intellectual distraction, with the theory of reticular activation, which can inhibit pain stimulation when a person receives adequate or excessive sensory input, which results in the inhibition of pain impulses to the brain. Intellectual distraction techniques include filling in crosswords, playing cards, doing hobbies (in bed) such as collecting stamps, writing stories. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of intellectual disorders in reducing dysmenorrhea in young women. This study uses a design that is Quasi-Experiment with a pretest and posttest design without a control group. Population In this study were 122 female students from Mojoanyar Middle School. The sample in this study were all students of Mojoanyar Middle School who experienced dysmenorrhoea who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria of 23 respondents. The tool used to determine changes in the level of pain of respondents is the Face pain rating. The intervention provided was that respondents were asked to fill in the TTS. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS data normality test using the Wilcoxon test with SPSS 23 for Windows. And it was found that before less than half (43.5%) of Intellectual Distraction or 10 respondents experienced mild pain, whereas after being given Intellectual Distraction less than half (34.8%) or 8 respondents experienced mild and moderate pain and no more respondents experienced very severe pain. Therefore young women need to reduce the intensity of menstrual pain by providing Intellectual Distractions techniques with crosswords and accessing them can be through cellphones

scholarly journals Butin attenuates brain edema in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage by anti inflammatory pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyu Li ◽  
Cheng Jiwu
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neurological Score ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract Background This study evaluates the effect of butin against brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methodology ICH was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase in the brain and all the animals were separated into four groups such as control group, ICH group treated with vehicle, Butin 25 and 50 mg/kg group receives butin (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.)60 min after the induction of ICH in all animals. One day after neurological score, hemorrhagic injury and expressions of protein responsible for apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the brain tissue of ICH rats. Result Neurological scoring significantly increased and hemorrhagic lesion volume decreased in butin treated group of rats compared to ICH group. However, treatment with butin significantly decreases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and protein expression of Cleaved caspase-3 than ICH group in dose dependent manner. Level of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in the brain tissues were significantly decreased in the butin treated group than ICH group. In addition butin attenuates the altered signaling pathway of NF-κB in the brain tissues of ICH rats. Conclusion Our study concludes that butin attenuates the altered behavior and neuronal condition in ICH rats by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory response.

Effect of progesterone on phosphamidon-induced impairment of memory and oxidative stress in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit K Sharma ◽  
Swapan K Bhattacharya ◽  
Naresh Khanna ◽  
Ashok K Tripathi ◽  
Tarun Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Progesterone (a neurosteroid) is an important modulator of the nervous system functioning. Organophosphorus pesticides like phosphamidon have been shown to adversely affect memory and induce oxidative stress on both acute and chronic exposure. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of progesterone (PROG) on phosphamidon-induced modulation of cognitive function and oxidative stress in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using step-down latency (SDL) on a passive avoidance apparatus and transfer latency (TL) on an elevated plus maze. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and non-protein thiols (NP-SH) in isolated homogenized whole brain samples. The results showed a significant reduction in SDL and prolongation of TL in the phosphamidon (1.74 mg/kg/d; p.o.) treated group at weeks 6 and 8 as compared to the control group. Two weeks treatment with PROG (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) antagonized the effect of phosphamidon on SDL as well as TL. Phosphamidon alone produced a significant increase in the brain TBARS levels and decrease in the brain NP-SH levels. Treatment with PROG (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) attenuated the effect of phosphamidon on oxidative stress. Together, the results showed that progesterone attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and increased oxidative stress induced by phosphamidon in the brain.

scholarly journals Toxicological Effect of Biodiesel Emission Particles on Cellular System of Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Adeyemi, Olalekan ◽  
Adeyemi, Oyeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cellular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
The Brain

Aim: This study investigates toxicological effect of biodiesel smokes on cellular system of albino rats. Study Design: Biodiesel was blended with fuel diesel at 100, 75, 50, and 25% v/v. Rats were exposed to each flame for 120 seconds daily over a period of ten days. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory work was carried out in the Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria. Methodology: Rats were grouped into six each containing six rats designated; Control group (no exposure), FD (exposed to smoke of fuel diesel), 100BD, 75BD, 50BD and 25BD exposed to 100, 75, 50 and 25% blend of biodiesel respectively. Afterwards, rats were sacrificed, liver, lungs and brain was isolated and homogenized. Serum was also separated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), choline esterase (CEST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed for in the selected tissues. Results: ALP activity of liver of rats in Control group was significantly higher (p<.05) relative to rats in other treatment groups. Lungs ACP activity of rats in Control groups was 3 folds that of rats in FD group, 2 folds those of rats in 100BD, 75BD and 25BD groups. CEST activity in brain of rats in Control group was 3 folds that of FD group and two folds that of 50BD and 25BD group of rats. Conversely, serum CEST activity of rats in Control group was significantly lower (p<.05) relative to that of other treatment groups it is about 16% that of FD group in particular. Serum MDA level of Control rats was significantly lower (p<.05) relative to each of the other treatment groups. Conclusion: Biochemical evidence from this study indicated loss of membrane integrity, possible inflammation of cells of the brain, lungs, and liver.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effects on Liver Profile due to Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Somina on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Aisha Azmat ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Limited research studies are reported regarding the toxicological effect of different herbal medicine already used in different countries. Objective: This research study was planned to examine the changes in liver (biochemical and histological) associated with oral administration of somina (acute and sub-acute) in rats. Methodology: Group– I served as control (saline), while other groups (II, III) were daily treated with somina at different doses of 0.285g/kg (group – II), 10g/kg/day (group – III), for 14 (set I), 21 (set II), and 30 (set III) consecutive days.  Each group contains 12 rats. During the study period, signs and behavioral changes, mortality, were observed. At the end of study period, blood sample was drawn directly from heart, for the estimation of liver enzymes: Bilirubin (BIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic pyruvic transferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), Albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The liver was carefully dichotomized, weighed, and further processed for histopathological analysis. Results: Herbal drug somina was claimed to be practically non-toxic as in rats no mortality was recorded after the oral administration of somina (14, 21 and 30 consecutive days). Liver profile showed non-significant changes in treated group- II and III (P > 0.05), as compared to the control (group- I). The histopathological examination did not reveal any deteriorative effect. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral administration of somina did not produce any significant detrimental effects on rat liver (biochemical and histopathological parameters), even at doses of 10g/kg/day indicating its safe use.

scholarly journals INTELLECTUAL DISTRACTION FOR DYSMENORRHEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Veryudha Eka Prameswari ◽  
ASIROTUL MA’RIFAH ◽  
NANING PUJI SURYANTINI ◽  
INDAH KUSMINDART
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Face Pain ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group Population ◽  
The Brain

Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual problem that usually occurs in young women. When dysmenorrhea, interferes with activity, non-pharmacological treatment will be an alternative to reduce dysmenorrhea. One way to deal with pain in a non-pharmacological way is by intellectual distraction, with the theory of reticular activation, which can inhibit pain stimulation when a person receives adequate or excessive sensory input, which results in the inhibition of pain impulses to the brain. Intellectual distraction techniques include filling in crosswords, playing cards, doing hobbies (in bed) such as collecting stamps, writing stories. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of intellectual disorders in reducing dysmenorrhea in young women. This study uses a design that is Quasi-Experiment with a pretest and posttest design without a control group. Population In this study were 122 female students from Mojoanyar Middle School. The sample in this study were all students of Mojoanyar Middle School who experienced dysmenorrhoea who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria of 23 respondents. The tool used to determine changes in the level of pain of respondents is the Face pain rating. The intervention provided was that respondents were asked to fill in the TTS. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS data normality test using the Wilcoxon test with SPSS 23 for Windows. And it was found that before less than half (43.5%) of Intellectual Distraction or 10 respondents experienced mild pain, whereas after being given Intellectual Distraction less than half (34.8%) or 8 respondents experienced mild and moderate pain and no more respondents experienced very severe pain. Therefore young women need to reduce the intensity of menstrual pain by providing Intellectual Distractions techniques with crosswords and accessing them can be through cellphones

scholarly journals α-Adrenergic contribution to the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in the chick embryo

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. R2004-R2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. M. Mulder ◽  
C. A. van Goor ◽  
D. A. Giussani ◽  
C. E. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Output Distribution ◽  
Cardiac Output Distribution ◽  
Fetal Response ◽  
The Brain

Fetal responses to acute hypoxemia include bradycardia, increase in blood pressure, and peripheral vasoconstriction. Peripheral vasoconstriction contributes to the redistribution of the cardiac output away from ancillary vascular beds toward myocardial, cerebral, and adrenal circulations. We investigated the effect of α-adrenergic receptor blockade on this fetal response. Fluorescent microspheres were used to measure cardiac output distribution during basal and hypoxemic conditions with and without phentolamine treatment. Phentolamine altered basal cardiac output distribution, indicating a basal α-adrenergic tone, but this was mainly noted at the earlier stages of incubation. During hypoxemia, phentolamine prevented vasoconstriction in the carcass. At day 19 of incubation, the percent cardiac output distributed to the carcass increased by 20% compared with a decrease in the control group by 17%. Phentolamine markedly attenuated the subsequent redistribution of the cardiac output toward the brain (from +102% in the control group to −25% in the phentolamine-treated group) and the heart (from +196% in the control group to +69% in the phentolamine-treated group). In the chick embryo, α-adrenergic mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of basal vascular tone and to the redistribution of the cardiac output away from the peripheral circulations toward the brain and heart during hypoxemic conditions.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Daun Seledri terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Pembantu Berngam Kota Binjai Tahun 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Irma Handayani ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Brain

Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure by providing further symptoms to a target organ including stroke (in the brain), coronary heart disease (in the heart blood vessels) and right ventricular hypertrophy or left ventricular hypertrophy (for the heart muscle). The target organ in the brain is in the form of stroke, hypertension is the main cause of stroke which brings high mortality. Management of hypertension can be managed with non-pharmacological measures such as giving celery leaves. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of giving celery leaves to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension at the Pembantu Berngam Health Center, Binjai City in 2021. This type of research was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design with one type of treatment. This study uses an intervention that is giving celery leaves by boiling. The intervention was given once in the morning by giving 100 grams of boiled celery for 5 days. The number of samples of 30 respondents with 15 people as the control group and 15 people in the intervention group were taken by accidental sampling. The results of the average blood pressure before and after giving boiled celery in the treatment group with systolic blood pressure p-value is 0.00, diastolic blood pressure p-value is 0.00. The results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test for both systolic and distolic pressure in the group not given celery were tilapia p-value > 0.05, namely systolic pressure p-value 0.07 and distolic p-value 0.05. The results of the Mann Whitney U statistical test analysis for systolic and distolic blood pressure obtained a p-value of 0.047 and a diastolic pressure p-value of 0.01 or a p-value <0.05, which means that there is an effectiveness of giving celery leaves in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients at the Berngam Binjai sub-health center. It is hoped that health workers will be able to apply complementary therapy to patients with hypertension in maintaining and lowering blood pressure.

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