Death by Suicide Involving Carbon Monoxide Around the World

2000 ◽  
pp. 207-230
Author(s):  
Michaela Skopek ◽  
Pierre Baume
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
The World

Study of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication in Fire Victimis

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2932-2935
Author(s):  
Sofia David ◽  
Anton Knieling ◽  
Calin Scripcaru ◽  
Madalina Diac ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Intoxication ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
The World ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
In Fire

Carbon monoxide poisoning is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of toxic origin in the world. Its insidious and polymorphic symptomatology makes it difficult to diagnose. It occurs accidentally, because of non-supervised domestic fires, or in fire victims. In fire victims, in particular, the differential diagnosis between carbon monoxide gas poisoning, inhalation of other toxic products of combustion like cyanide, oxygen deprivation, thermal burns and shock due to burns as a cause of death is not an easy task. The authors examined 107 fire victims that were autopsied at the Forensic Medicine from Iasi, Romania, in the last 10 years (2007-2016). Most cases were males (69.16%), young (0-9 years) or older than 60 with a burned surface of 91-100% in 68.22% of cases. Blood samples from the cadavers were collected in all cases in order to analyse carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis. Toxicological analysis revealed a carboxyhaemoglobin level of maximum 95% but the majority of cases (70.72%) had a concentration inferior to 50%. An inverse correlation was identified between carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis, an indicator of heat dissociation. Our study proves that many fire victims may die because of carbon monoxide intoxication prior to the extent of burns at a lethal potential.

scholarly journals Issuances of Automotive Vehicles and the Impacts on Air Quality in the Largest City in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cartaxo ◽  
Ilsa Valois ◽  
Vladimiro Miranda ◽  
Marcia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Manaus, a city of more than two million people, suffers problems arising from strong sunlight and aggravated by several factors, such as traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions generated by evaporation and burning of fuel. The present study examined Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions in an urban area of the city using different methodologies. CO and NO2 were measured using automated and passive analyzers, respectively. Meanwhile, direct monitoring of these pollutants was performed in vehicular sources in the vicinity of sampling locations. Results showed that levels of carbon monoxide vary over time, being higher during peak movement of vehicles. NO2 values have exceeded the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), and monitoring at source showed high levels of CO and NO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals 2017 ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1600016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Graham ◽  
Vito Brusasco ◽  
Felip Burgos ◽  
Brendan G. Cooper ◽  
Robert Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
The World

This document provides an update to the European Respiratory Society (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) technical standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung that was last updated in 2005. Although both DLCO (diffusing capacity) and TLCO (transfer factor) are valid terms to describe the uptake of carbon monoxide in the lung, the term DLCO is used in this document. A joint taskforce appointed by the ERS and ATS reviewed the recent literature on the measurement of DLCO and surveyed the current technical capabilities of instrumentation being manufactured around the world. The recommendations in this document represent the consensus of the taskforce members in regard to the evidence available for various aspects of DLCO measurement. Furthermore, it reflects the expert opinion of the taskforce members on areas in which peer-reviewed evidence was either not available or was incomplete. The major changes in these technical standards relate to DLCO measurement with systems using rapidly responding gas analysers for carbon monoxide and the tracer gas, which are now the most common type of DLCO instrumentation being manufactured. Technical improvements and the increased capability afforded by these new systems permit enhanced measurement of DLCO and the opportunity to include other optional measures of lung function.

scholarly journals Biomass burning combustion efficiency observed from space using measurements of CO and NO<sub>2</sub> by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-616
Author(s):  
Ivar R. van der Velde ◽  
Guido R. van der Werf ◽  
Sander Houweling ◽  
Henk J. Eskes ◽  
J. Pepijn Veefkind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Smoldering Combustion ◽  
The World

Abstract. The global fire emission inventories depend on ground and airborne measurements of species-specific emission factors (EFs), which translate dry matter losses due to fires to actual trace gas and aerosol emissions. The EFs of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) can function as a proxy for combustion efficiency to distinguish flaming from smoldering combustion. The uncertainties in these EFs remain large as they are limited by the spatial and temporal representativeness of the measurements. The global coverage of satellite observations has the advantage of filling this gap, making these measurements highly complementary to ground-based or airborne data. We present a new analysis of biomass burning pollutants using space-borne data to investigate the spatiotemporal efficiency of fire combustion. Column measurements of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide (XNO2 and XCO) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) are used to quantify the relative atmospheric enhancements of these species over different fire-prone regions around the world. We find spatial and temporal patterns in the ΔXNO2 ∕ ΔXCO ratio that point to distinct differences in biomass burning behavior. Such differences are induced by the burning phase of the fire (e.g., high-temperature flaming vs. low-temperature smoldering combustion) and burning practice (e.g., the combustion of logs, coarse woody debris and soil organic matter vs. the combustion of fine fuels such as savanna grasses). The sampling techniques and the signal-to-noise ratio of the retrieved ΔXNO2 ∕ ΔXCO signals were quantified with WRF-Chem experiments and showed similar distinct differences in combustion types. The TROPOMI measurements show that the fraction of surface smoldering combustion is much larger for the boreal forest fires in the upper Northern Hemisphere and peatland fires in Indonesia. These types of fires cause a much larger increase (3 to 6 times) in ΔXCO relative to ΔXNO2 than elsewhere in the world. The high spatial and temporal resolution of TROPOMI also enables the detection of spatial gradients in combustion efficiency at smaller regional scales. For instance, in the Amazon, we found higher combustion efficiency (up to 3-fold) for savanna fires than for the nearby tropical deforestation fires. Out of two investigated fire emission products, the TROPOMI measurements support the broad spatial pattern of combustion efficiency rooted in GFED4s. Meanwhile, TROPOMI data also add new insights into regional variability in combustion characteristics that are not well represented in the different emission inventories, which can help the fire modeling community to improve their representation of the spatiotemporal variability in EFs.

Preventing carbon monoxide poisoning in the Hudson River Tunnel in 1921: recounting history

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Neil B. Hampson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The New York Bridge and Tunnel Commission began planning for a tunnel beneath the lower Hudson river to connect Manhattan to New Jersey in 1919. At 8,300 feet, it would be the longest tunnel for passenger vehicles in the world. A team of engineers and physiologists at the Yale University Bureau of Mines Experiment Station was tasked with calculating the ventilation requirements that would provide safety from exposure to automobile exhaust carbon monoxide (CO) while balancing the cost of providing ventilation. As the level of ambient CO which was comfortably tolerated was not precisely defined, they performed human exposures breathing from 100 to 1,000 ppm CO, first on themselves and subsequently on Yale medical students. Their findings continue to provide a basis for carbon monoxide alarm requirements a century later.

scholarly journals The More Stringent, the Better? Rationing Car Use in Bogotá with Moderate and Drastic Restrictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Gasoline Consumption ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Driving Restrictions ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Rationing car use based on license plate number has become a popular policy in several cities around the world to address traffic congestion and air pollution. This paper studies the effects of the moderate and drastic driving restrictions imposed as part of the Pico y Placa program on car use and air pollution in Bogotá. Using data on ambient carbon monoxide, gasoline consumption, and vehicle sales and registrations, no evidence of an improvement in air quality or a reduction in car use is found in either phase of the program. On the contrary, there is some indication that, relative to the moderate phase, gasoline consumption, vehicle ownership, and carbon monoxide in the morning peak tended to increase slightly when drastic restrictions were implemented.

Death from a driverless vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Das ◽  
Ritesh G Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Road traffic accidents are a major cause of fatalities around the world, and a number of deaths are caused by moving traffic on public roads. Deaths from vehicles that are off the highway may be called non-traffic fatalities which can be due to a vehicle reversing, carbon monoxide poisoning, weather-induced over-heating inside the vehicle and electric windows. Children (and animals) are the usual victims. We report a case from India where a man was found lying dead by the roadside with a lorry nearby. The autopsy findings indicated that he had been run over, but as there was no history of a vehicular collision and with no eyewitnesses, the investigators were unsure of the probable sequence of events that led to his death. The autopsy findings, history, circumstantial evidence and chemical analysis enabled us to work out what had happened.

scholarly journals Carbon monoxide poisoning or "Silent killer": Diagnosis and current management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
Daniela Carolina Salcedo Restrepo ◽  
Andrea Carolina Wilcox Robles ◽  
Armando Hongming Yee Acendra ◽  
Martha Lucia Beltran Avilez ◽  
Jorge Julian Mendoza Anguila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
The World

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a dangerous cause of hospital admission and mortality around the world due to its ability to enter the body and bind to heme groups. Thus, it is important to carry out a correct management plan for this type of patient, in order to avoid and prevent the development of severe systemic complications and even death, for which a review of diagnostic techniques is carried out and treatment of this scenario and its effectiveness in terms of the evolution of the patient.

scholarly journals Global, Regional, and National Burden of Accidental Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Xiangjie Lin ◽  
Mao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract IntroductionHealth system planning requires careful assessment of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) epidemiology, but data of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. This article investigates the global burden of ACOP based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) and the World Bank database.Materials and MethodsNumbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of ACOP incidence, prevalence, deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) were analysed at global, regional, and national level. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of age-standardized rates (ASR) was calculated by generalizing the linear model with a Gaussian distribution. Age, sex, and economics parameters are included to access their internal relevance.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, there were approximately 0.97 million ACOP incidence cases (95% CI 0.66 million to 1.4 million), and 41,142 (95%UI 32957 to 45934) people died from it. Compared with 1990, the morbidity and mortality of ACOP in 2019 are on a downward trend. By sexes, from 1990 to 2019, females have a higher morbidity and lower mortality. This article also finds that the relevant parameters of ACOP are closely related to the economic parameters. This correlation enables us to evaluate the level and status of public health services in various countries.DiscussionACOP is the most common toxic disease in the world. In 2019, the number of patients who die from ACOP exceeded that of patients poisoned by all other means. In global health decision-making, especially in regions with high-middle and high SDI, more attention should be paid.ConclusionAs the population ageing in areas with High-middle SDI and High SDI increases, the potential burden of ACOP is increasing, presenting the governments with an increasing demand for acute care, rehabilitation, and support services. The results of this study can be used by the health authorities to consider the burden of ACOP that could be addressed with preventive and therapeutic measures.

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