Establishment of an emission estimation approach for bulk carriers related to block coefficient (CB)

2014 ◽  
pp. 827-832
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Emission Estimation

scholarly journals Modeling of magneto-conductivity of bismuth selenide: a topological insulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Rabia Sultana ◽  
Prince Sharma ◽  
V. P. S. Awana
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractWe report the magneto-conductivity analysis of Bi2Se3 single crystal at different temperatures in a magnetic field range of ± 14 T. The single crystals are grown by the self-flux method and characterized through X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. The single crystals show magnetoresistance (MR%) of around 380% at a magnetic field of 14 T and a temperature of 5 K. The Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka (HLN) equation has been used to fit the magneto-conductivity (MC) data. However, the HLN fitted curve deviates at higher magnetic fields above 1 T, suggesting that the role of surface-driven conductivity suppresses with an increasing magnetic field. This article proposes a speculative model comprising of surface-driven HLN and added quantum diffusive and bulk carriers-driven classical terms. The model successfully explains the MC of the Bi2Se3 single crystal at various temperatures (5–200 K) and applied magnetic fields (up to 14 T).

scholarly journals 2D weak anti-localization in thin films of the topological semimetal Pd$$_{3}$$Bi$$_{2}$$S$$_{2}$$

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shama ◽  
R. K. Gopal ◽  
Goutam Sheet ◽  
Yogesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Relaxation Mechanism ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Topological Semimetal ◽  
Topological Surface ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electron Phonon Scattering

AbstractPd$$_{3}$$ 3 Bi$$_{2}$$ 2 S$$_{2}$$ 2 (PBS) is a recently proposed topological semimetal candidate. However, evidence for topological surface states have not yet been revealed in transport measurements due to the large mobility of bulk carriers. We report the growth and magneto-transport studies of PBS thin films where the mobility of the bulk carriers is reduced by two orders of magnitude, revealing for the first time, contributions from the 2-dimensional (2D) topological surface states in the observation of the 2D weak anti-localization (WAL) effect in magnetic field and angle dependent conductivity measurements. The magnetotransport data is analysed within the 2D Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) theory. The analysis suggests that multiple conduction channels contribute to the transport. It is also found that the temperature dependence of the dephasing length can’t be explained only by electron-electron scattering and that electron-phonon scattering also contributes to the phase relaxation mechanism in PBS films.

scholarly journals STOCHASTIC CARBON EMISSION ESTIMATION METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OPERATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Yong YI ◽  
Han-Seong GWAK ◽  
Dong-Eun LEE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
Construction Operation

Low carbon construction is an important operation management goal because greenhouse gas (GHG) reduc­tion has become a global concern. Major construction resources that contribute GHG, such as equipment and labour, are being targeted to achieve this goal. The GHG emissions produced by the resources vary with their operating conditions. It is commendable to provide a statistical GHG emission estimation method that models the transitory nature of resource states at micro-scale of construction operations. This paper proposes a computational method called Stochastic Carbon Emission Estimation (SCE2) that measures the variability of GHG emissions. It creates construction operation models consisting of atomic work tasks, utilizes hourly equipment fuel consumption and hourly labourer respiratory rates that change according to their operating conditions classified into five categories, and identifies an optimal resource combi­nation by trading off eco-economic performance metrics such as the amount of GHG emissions, operation completion time, operation completion cost, and productivity. The study is of value to researchers because SCE2 fill in a gap to eco-economic operation modelling and analysis tool which considers operating conditions at micro-scale of construction operation having many stochastic work tasks. This study is also relevance to practitioners because it allows project man­agers to achieve eco-economic goals while honouring predefined constraints associated with time and cost.

Excess returns in the spot market for bulk carriers

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vangelis Tsioumas ◽  
Stratos Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Spot Market ◽  
Excess Returns ◽  
Bulk Carriers

Pitting Corrosion and Its Influence on Local Strength of Hull Structural Members

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Nakai ◽  
Hisao Matsushita ◽  
Norio Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Distortional Buckling ◽  
Thickness Loss ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Plate ◽  
Corrosion Pits ◽  
The Web

The objective of this study is to obtain basic data for discussing the structural integrity of aged ships, especially hold frames of aged bulk carriers. Firstly, shapes of corrosion pits observed on hold frames of bulk carriers have been investigated. It was shown that the shape of the corrosion pits is a circular cone and the ratio of the diameter to the depth is in the range between 8 to 1 and 10 to 1. Secondly, a series of tensile tests has been conducted to investigate the effect of pitting corrosion on tensile strength. It was pointed out that the tensile strength decreases gradually and the total elongation decreases drastically with the increase of thickness loss due to pitting corrosion. Thirdly, a series of 4-point bend tests with structural models which consist of shell, web and face plates simulating hold frames of bulk carriers has been carried out to investigate the effect of pitting corrosion on collapse behavior and lateral-distortional buckling behavior. Following the experiment, a series of non-linear FE-analyses has been also made. In the case where tensile load acted on the face plate, cracks were initiated at the bottom of the pits when pitting concentrated on the web near the face plate. On the other hand in the case where compression load acted on the face plate, lateral-distortional buckling has been observed and the ultimate load of the structural models where pitting developed regularly on the web was found to be almost the same as that of the structural models where the web has uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.

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