scholarly journals Exposure to artificial wind increases energy intake and reproductive performance of female Swiss mice (Mus musculus) in hot temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (17) ◽  
pp. jeb231415
Author(s):  
Guang-Min Deng ◽  
Jing-Xin Yu ◽  
Jia-Qi Xu ◽  
Yu-Fan Bao ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Swiss Mice

ABSTRACTHigh temperatures and heatwaves are rapidly emerging as an important threat to many aspects of physiology and behavior in females during lactation. The body's capacity to dissipate heat is reduced by high ambient temperatures, increasing the risk of hyperthermia. Exposure to wind, a pervasive environmental factor for most terrestrial animals, is known to increase heat loss, but its effects on the reproductive performance of small mammals remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of wind on the energy budgets, resting metabolic rate and milk energy output (MEO) were measured in lactating Swiss mice at 21 and 32.5°C. Females kept at 32.5°C had a significantly lower resting metabolic rate, food intake and MEO, and lighter offspring, than those kept at 21°C. However, exposure to wind increased the asymptotic food intake of females kept at 32.5°C by 22.5% (P<0.01), their MEO by 20.7% (P<0.05) and their litter mass by 17.6% (P<0.05). The body temperature of females kept at 32.5°C was significantly higher during lactation than that of females kept at 21°C, but this difference was reduced by exposure to wind. These findings suggest that exposure to wind considerably improves reproductive performance, increasing the fitness of small mammals while undergoing hot temperatures during heatwaves.

scholarly journals Effects of stochastic food deprivation on energy budget, body mass and activity in Swiss mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhao ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Ruirui Wang ◽  
Guiying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

Abstract When small animals are faced with an unpredictable food supply, they can adapt by altering different components of their energy budget such as energy intake, metabolic rate, rate of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) or behaviour. The present study examined the effect of stochastic food deprivation (FD) on body mass, food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), NST and behaviour in male Swiss mice. During a period of 4 weeks’ FD, animals were fed ad libitum for a randomly assigned 4 days each week, but were deprived of food for the other 3 days. The results showed that body mass significantly dropped on FD days compared to controls. Food intake of FD mice increased significantly on ad libitum days, ensuring cumulative food intake, final body mass, fat mass, RMR and NST did not differ significantly from controls. Moreover, gastrointestinal tract mass increased in FD mice, but digestibility decreased. In general, activity was higher on deprived days, and feeding behaviour was higher on ad libitum days suggesting that Swiss mice are able to compensate for stochastic FD primarily by increasing food intake on ad libitum days, and not by reducing energy expenditure related to RMR or NST.

Effect of Changes in Ambient Temperature on Spontaneous Activity, Food Intake and Body Weight of Goldthioglucose-Obese and Nonobese Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
N. B. Marshall ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Body Weights

Goldthioglucose-obese mice cannot adjust their food intake to meet the increased energy requirements due to cold. At all ambient temperatures above 15°C the spontaneous running activity of these animals is less than that observed for nonobese controls. Activity of obese mice is maximal at 19°C and minimal at 15°C or lower. Body weights decrease during exposure to cold. In contrast to that of obese mice, running activity of nonobese controls is maximal at an ambient temperature of 25°C but nearly ceases at 15°C or lower. The food intake of these animals increases in the cold and remains elevated even at temperatures at which activity decreases. The body weight of nonobese controls is either maintained constant or increases during exposure to cold air.

Design, limitations and sustained metabolic rate: lessons from small mammals

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (19) ◽  
pp. 2963-2970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo D. Bacigalupe ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Excess Capacity ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Physiological Limits

SUMMARY Physiological limitations affect an organism's capacity to acquire and expend energy over long periods of activity. These limitations could be related to the central machinery used for acquiring, processing and allocating energy, or by the energy-consuming machinery. Another possibility is that the capacities of central and peripheral organs and tissues are co-adjusted,implying an optimized design. Given the important consequences that rates of energy expenditure have on many ecological aspects of animal life, we need to understand which factors impose ceilings on sustained metabolic rate. Ceilings on sustainable energy expenditure represent the limit below which all the activities performed by an individual must occur. There have been many studies of design constraints on energy budgets, but the different procedures used to identify the type of physiological limitation do not necessarily resolve which factors actually impose metabolic ceilings in small mammals, which precludes a clear understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of design constraints on energy budgets. We propose that the following steps are necessary to identify the physiological limits on sustained metabolic rate:(1) combining peak energy demands to differentiate a central limitation from a peripheral limitation; (2) pushing the animals to their physiological limits(e.g. asymptotic food intake); (3) testing for a central excess capacity (if the limit is set peripherally), or a peripheral excess capacity (if there is a central limitation); (4) utilizing different levels of energy demand to test for symmorphosis.

The metabolic rate and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) at different ambient temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ikonomopoulou ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Reproductive Females

We investigated the metabolic rate, thermoneutral zone and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot in Tasmania. Five adult eastern barred bandicoots (two males, three non-reproductive females) were tested at temperatures of 3, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The thermoneutral zone was calculated from oxygen consumption and body temperature, measured during the daytime: their normal resting phase. It was found that the thermoneutral zone lies between 25°C and 30°C, with a minimum metabolic rate of 0.51 mL g–1 h–1 and body temperature of 35.8°C. At cooler ambient temperatures (3–20°C) the body temperature decreased to approximately 34.0°C while the metabolic rate increased from 0.7 to 1.3 mL g–1�h–1. At high temperatures (35°C and 40°C) both body temperature (36.9–38.7°C) and metabolic rate (1.0–1.5 mL g–1 h–1) rose. Thermal conductance was low below an ambient temperature of 30°C but increased significantly at higher temperatures. The low thermal conductance (due, in part, to good insulation, a reduced body temperature at lower ambient temperatures, combined with a relatively high metabolic rate) suggests that this species is well adapted to cooler environments but it could not thermoregulate easily at temperatures above 30°C.

scholarly journals SUMMIT METABOLISM OF NEWBORN CALVES WITH AND WITHOUT COLOSTRUM FEEDING

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. OKAMOTO ◽  
J. B. ROBINSON ◽  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON ◽  
B. A. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
Time Required

Resting and summit metabolic rates were measured in 13 newborn (2.5–15 h old) male Holstein calves exposed to warm and cold tempertures in a water immersion system. Six calves were bottle fed 1 kg of colostrum 30 min before the measurements commenced. In the remaining seven calves, colostrum was withheld until after the end of the measurement period. There were no significant effects of colostrum feeding on resting or summit metabolic rates or the time required for rectal temperature to drop to 35 °C when the calves were immersed in cold water. The time required for rectal temperature to drop to 35 °C increased as the body weight of the calves increased; for each kilogram additional body weight, cooling was delayed for an extra 2.9 min. The resting metabolic rate averaged for both feeding treatments was 2.0 ± 0.1 W kg−1 while mean rectal temperature was 39.1 ± 0.2 °C. Mean summit metabolic rate was 7.2 ± 0.4 W kg−1 and occurred at a mean rectal temperature of 35.4 ± 0.3 °C. The average ratio of the summit to resting metabolic rate was 3.7 ± 0.2. Cooling via water immersion was associated with increases in plasma levels of glucose and free fatty acids. The feeding of 1 kg of colostrum 30 min prior to exposure to acute cold did not improve the apparent resistance of the calves to hypothermia. Key words: Newborn calf, summit metabolism, cold tolerance

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Acid Load with Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Components in Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Abstract Background: Several epidemiologic studies have reported that dietary acid load is associated with metabolic profiles; however, to our knowledge, the relationship of this dietary pattern with resting metabolic rate (RMR) among obese and overweight females remains unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary acid load RMR and metabolic components among overweight and obese adult women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 375 Iranian adults, aged 18–48 years. Dietary acid load indexes were calculated by using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods. An impedance fat analyzer was used to obtain the body composition and an indirect calorimeter was used to assess the RMR. Result: It was observed that after correction for potential confounders, DBP and NEAP and PRAL scores were inversely associated (P<0.05). NEAP index was inversely associated with RMR (β= -0.25, 95% CI=-0.1.5 to 2.08, P=0.02), and positively associated with WC (β= 1.009, 95% CI=-1.43 to 3.45, P=0.05) and WHR (β= 0.01, 95% CI= -0.01 to0.04, P=0.03), such that subjects with higher scores in NEAP had lower RMR and higher WC and WHR. We also observed that DAL (β= -0.02, 95% CI= -0.08 to0.03, P=0.08) and PRAL (β= -0.037, 95% CI= -1.05 to 0.03 P=0.07) were marginally associated with RMR.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that higher dietary acid load scores may be negatively associated with lower RMR, while directly associated with greater WC, WHR, DBP, and HOMA-IR.

scholarly journals Overweight Effects on Metabolic Rate, Chronic Diseases, Time Perception, Aging, and Lifespan: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuat Oshakbayev ◽  
Gulnara Bedelbayeva ◽  
Meruyert Gazaliyeva ◽  
Bibazhar Dukenbayeva ◽  
Attila Tordai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The hypothesis that metabolic rate is inversely correlated with lifespan has long been debating. Another area of controversy is an evidence of a relationship between metabolic rate and time perception, and aging. Aim: to study the impact of overweight and food intake on metabolic rate, time-flow perception, chronic diseases, aging, lifespan; difficulties in weight loss.Methods: Design: a systematic review. Setting and Participants: Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Kopernio, PubMed, Mendeley were searched for articles published from January 1979 until March 2020. The study bases on a viewpoint supported by a systematic literature review of 3612 articles published worldwide.Results: In total, 107 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. From them, 25 articles were excluded with reasons. Overweight and food intake are the main causes of accelerating metabolic rate. By age, the body should less calorie intake due to decreasing metabolic rate. Body capability to gain weight is integral indicator of body energy reserve that depletes after weight gain. Increased metabolic rate creates a delayed time-flow perception and accelerates aging. Metabolic rate and lifespan are inversely correlated. Weight loss is a good tool to delay aging and increase lifespan. Very-low-calorie diets and to manage metabolic intoxication should use at weight loss.Conclusions: The findings support overweight with overeating increases metabolic rate that in turn delays time-flow perception, increases disease, accelerates aging, limits lifespan. For weight loss has to manage a very-low-calorie diet.

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Acid Load with Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Components in Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Abstract Background: Several epidemiologic studies have reported that dietary acid load is associated with metabolic profiles; however, to our knowledge, the relationship of this dietary pattern with resting metabolic rate (RMR) among obese and overweight females remains unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary acid load RMR and metabolic components among overweight and obese adult women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 375 Iranian adults, aged 18–48 years. Dietary acid load indexes were calculated by using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods. An impedance fat analyzer was used to obtain the body composition and an indirect calorimeter was used to assess the RMR. Result: It was observed that after correction for potential confounders, DBP and NEAP and PRAL scores were inversely associated (P<0.05). NEAP index was inversely associated with RMR (β= -0.25, 95% CI=-0.1.5 to 2.08, P=0.02), and positively associated with WC (β= 1.009, 95% CI=-1.43 to 3.45, P=0.05) and WHR (β= 0.01, 95% CI= -0.01 to0.04, P=0.03), such that subjects with higher scores in NEAP had lower RMR and higher WC and WHR. We also observed that DAL (β= -0.02, 95% CI= -0.08 to0.03, P=0.08) and PRAL (β= -0.037, 95% CI= -1.05 to 0.03 P=0.07) were marginally associated with RMR.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that higher dietary acid load scores may be negatively associated with lower RMR, while directly associated with greater WC, WHR, DBP, and HOMA-IR.

The effect of food intake prior to farrowing on the body composition of first-litter sows

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
B.P. Mullan ◽  
I.H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Effect Of Food

Body reserves are important in reproduction because they can be used by the sow to buffer the nutritional stress through a low intake of food in lactation (Mullan and Williams, 1988). Quantitative information on the body composition of first-litter sows during lactation is clearly required to establish what body reserves are mobilized during lactation, and how this relates to subsequent reproductive performance. The aim of this study was to quantify the body reserves of first-litter sows at farrowing and to measure the change in these reserves during lactation.Animals selected for body composition studies were from the High-High, High-Low, Low-High and Low-Low groups of an experiment described by Mullan and Williams (1988). Animals were selected according to bodyweight, depth of backfat and litter size, with the object to have animals that were representative of those in the earlier experiment. Sows were removed from their litter, weighed and the depth of backfat measured by ultrasound at the P2. Within three hours of weaning animals were slaughtered and the head, trotters, tail, viscera one side of the carcass were frozen, minced and chemically analysed for lipid, protein, water and ash.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document