Tasks for independent work and control of students ' knowledge of children's Phthisiology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Askarova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
And Control ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The textbook is prepared taking into account modern achievements of TB in accordance with the curriculum for children's Phthisiology for independent work and control of knowledge of students as an additional educational literature on the main theoretical issues, methods of detection of tuberculosis, clinical manifestations and course of tuberculosis of the respiratory system, differential diagnosis of tuberculosis with non-specific pathology of the respiratory system, complications of tuberculosis, the combination of pulmonary tuberculosis with other diseases, treatment of tuberculosis. For students of the pediatric faculty, residents, TB doctors.

scholarly journals Respiratory tuberculosis associated with chronic obstructive lung disease - actual problem of modern phthisiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
A V Katicheva ◽  
N A Brazhenko ◽  
O N Brazhenko ◽  
S G Zheleznyak ◽  
N V Tsygan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Number Of Patients

In modern conditions, the problems of tuberculosis of the respiratory system and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are highly relevant. Tuberculosis remains high among the population. During its course, the frequency of common destructive forms, the number of patients with multiple and extensive drug resistance of mycobacteria, and comorbid conditions in which pulmonary tuberculosis is combined with immunodeficiency and respiratory pathology increased. Chronic tobacco intoxication and chronic obstruction in the lungs increase the activity of tuberculosis inflammation, contribute to the development of common forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, accompanied by abundant bacterial excretion and destruction of lung tissue. In patients with comorbid pathology, pronounced clinical manifestations of the disease, deep functional disorders in the respiratory system and homeostatic balance of the organism are determined. Chronic tobacco intoxication and chronic obstruction in the bronchi have a significant impact on the processes of atherogenesis, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and the formation of cardiovascular pathology. These phenomena contribute to insufficient treatment efficiency, the formation of pronounced residual changes in the respiratory organs, a decrease in the quality and life expectancy of patients, a high frequency of exacerbation (relapse) and pose a threat to the spread of tuberculosis. In patients with comorbid pathology, cardiovascular complications, dyslipidemia and atherogenesis appear much more often, which are predictors of early disability and premature death.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

A glance on dystonias, how to recognize and handle them

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
F. N. Mercan ◽  
E. Bayram ◽  
M. C. Akbostanci
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Treatment Choices ◽  
Muscle Groups

Dystonia refers to an involuntary, repetitive, sustained, painful and twisting movements of the affected body part. This movement disorder was first described in 1911 by Hermain Oppenheim, and many studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism, the diagnosis and the treatment of dystonia ever since. However, there are still many unexplained aspects of this phenomenon. Dystonia is diagnosed by clinical manifestations, and various classifications are recommended for the diagnosis and the treatment. Anatomic classification, which is based on the muscle groups involved, is the most helpful classification model to plan the course of the treatment. Dystonias can also be classified based on the age of onset and the cause. These dystonic syndromes can be present without an identified etiology or they can be clinical manifestations of a neurodegenerative or neurometabolic disease. In this review we summarized the differential diagnosis, definition, classifications, possible mechanisms and treatment choices of dystonia.

Influence of the Acetylation Type on the Incidence of Isoniazid-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
N. M. Krasnova ◽  
N. E. Evdokimova ◽  
A. A. Egorova ◽  
O. I. Filippova ◽  
E. A. Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Slow Acetylators ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Tuberculosis Chemotherapy ◽  
Genetically Determined

Introduction. Liver damage can be a dangerous side effect of using isoniazid. Individual susceptibility to isoniazid in humans is dependent on the presence of N-acetyltransferase 2 allelic variants in genome. It was imperative to assess the effect of genetically determined isoniazid acetylation rate in terms of risk of developing isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity, as well as prevention of potential hepatopathy, and improvement of tuberculosis chemotherapy safety. Aim. To study the effect of acetylation type on the incidence of isoniazid hepatotoxicity in residents of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods. The study included 112 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The following single nucleotide polymorphisms were studied: rs1801280, rs1799930, rs1799931, rs1799929, rs1208, rs1041983. Hepatotoxicity was determined based on the results of clinical laboratory monitoring and using the criteria developed by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (2019). Results. Hepatotoxic reactions developed more often in slow acetylators (43.2%), compared to fast acetylators (20.7%) and intermediate acetylators (10.9%); p=0.002. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity was 5 or more times above the upper limit of normal activity in 37.8% of slow acetylators, and in 8.7% of intermediate acetylators; p=0.001. Clinical manifestations of isoniazid hepatotoxicity were observed more often in slow acetylators (29.7%), than in fast acetylators (3.4%); p=0.000. Conclusion. Slow acetylation type ought to be considered an important risk factor for developing isoniazid hepatotoxicity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Pulvinar sign in a case of anti-HU paraneoplastic encephalitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Luc Gamache ◽  
Maude-Marie Gagnon ◽  
Martin Savard ◽  
François Émond
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Paraneoplastic Encephalitis ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Work Up

This article reports the case of a 68-year-old patient with anti-HU antibodies paraneoplastic encephalitis. The clinical manifestations were atypical and the paraclinical work-up, notably the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing bilateral posterior thalamic hyperintensities (pulvinar sign), misleadingly pointed towards a variant Creutzfeld–Jakob disease. After presenting the case, the differential diagnosis of the pulvinar sign is discussed along with other important diagnostic considerations.

Apnea as a Presenting Sign of Hydrocephalus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-589
Author(s):  
Jim Nitahara ◽  
Allen J. Dozor ◽  
Scott A. Schroeder ◽  
Stephanie Rifkinson-Mann
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Healthy Infant ◽  
Birth History ◽  
Normal Birth

The differential diagnosis for apnea in newborns and infants is extensive and includes, but is not limited to, central nervous, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and respiratory system disorders.1 Frequently no cause is found for the apnea. We present a case in which an unusual cause was found and only after many months. CASE REPORT S. K. was a healthy infant with a normal birth history and no significant problems until the age of 13 months when, while playing with his mother, he suddenly collapsed, becoming apneic and cyanotic. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was administered for 10 minutes before the child began to breathe spontaneously.

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS: ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINIC. (Literature review)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Г.Ж. Жакенова ◽  
Р.Б. Нуржанова ◽  
К.Б. Сраилова ◽  
Ж.С. Шерияздан ◽  
А.Б. Ташманова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Imaging Signs

В данной статье представлен обзор литературы по транзиторным ишемическим атакам: эпидемиология, этиология, патогенез, классификация, основные характеристики с учетом факторов риска, визуализационных признаков МРТ и КТ, клинических проявлений и дифференциальной диагностики данного заболевания на основе современных исследований. This article presents a review of the literature on transient ischemic attacks: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, main characteristics taking into account risk factors, imaging signs of MRI and CT, clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis of this disease based on modern research.

Clinical and molecular epidemic characterization of rotavirus infection among children under five years old in Shandong province, China.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixiao Dong ◽  
Deyu Huang ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Guanyou Zhang ◽  
Fengjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Rotavirus was the an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children. In China, rotavirus was positive in approximately 30% of the diarrhea children and become a serious public problem. This study was carried out to investigate the clinical and molecular epidemic characterization of rotavirus infection among children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Shandong province, China. From July 2017 to June 2018, a total of 1211 fecal specimens were detected and the prevalence of rotavirus infection was 32.12%. The mean age of positive children was 12.2 ± 10.9 months and the highest infection rate was observed in children aged 7–12 months with a rate of 41.64%. G9P[8] (76.61%) was the most prevalent combinations followed by G2P[4] (7.20%), G3P[8] (3.60%) and G9P[4] (2.06%). In addition to diarrhea, vomiting, fever and dehydration were the most common accompanied symptoms. In general, there was no significant difference in clinical manifestations among different age groups. However, the clinical manifestations between vaccinated and unvaccinated children were significantly different. Vaccinated children showed lower incidence and frequency of vomiting, lower incidence and degree of dehydration, lower incidence of severe cases than unvaccinated children. The findings suggested necessary to continue rotavirus strains surveillance in order to monitor the change of prevalent genotype. Moreover, introducing vaccine into national immunization program to prevent and control rotavirus infections is needed in China.

scholarly journals Tonsillar tuberculosis : A case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1048-1050
Author(s):  
S Karki ◽  
D Karki
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Differential Diagnosis

Tuberculosis of the oral cavity which is an uncommon occurrence can be primary or secondary. In the absence of active pulmonary tuberculosis, isolated tonsillar tuberculosis is rare. Herein, we report two cases of bilateral tonsillar tuberculosis who presented as recurrent sore throat for which tonsillectomy was done. No active primary pulmonary lesion was found in these cases. Histopathological examination revealed caseating epithelioid granulomas with Langhans giant cells. Ziehl Neelson stain for acid fast bacilli was positive in one case. Tonsillar tuberculosis, though a rare entity, should be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis of tonsillar lesions. Histopathological examination with Ziehl Neelson stain should be performed for definite diagnosis.

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