The peasant family of Moscow region during the Patriotic War of 1812: numbers, composition, and structure

Servis plus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Михаил Прохоров ◽  
Mikhail Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationship ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Literature Source ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Peasant Family

The article presents a demographic analysis of a peasant family in a village near Moscow hndin the period of the War of 1812. The subject hardly has been studied in the historical literature. Source base of this study were the documents extracted from the funds of the Central Historical Archive in Moscow. Statistical processing was performed for massive public documents and records of the church: revision lists, confessional and metric sheets (books). In them there is the nominal composition of residents of the yard, their age, family relationship. The object of the study was medium and large landed estates of Moscow and Zvenigorod district - the village of Fili and Mazilovo A.I. and D.I. Naryshkin and Selco Zakharovo of H.I. Kozlova. All three of the villages for nearly two months were occupied by French troops. On the basis of a systematic scientific approach addressed are issues such as the population of the yard, the composition and structure of the family, its human resources and typology, the moral values of the peasants in the extreme conditions of life. These issues are analyzed by comparing the key demographic indicators as the pre-war and post-war periods. These data indicate a deep demographic crisis peasant family near Moscow after the war of 1812, sharply increased mortality, reduced working capacity, the number of widows, widowers, orphans, deserted courtyards. According to the documents, only the preservation of spiritual and moral traditions, mutual aid, charity-related debt, aid from the rural world, the state and landowners have allowed farmers to survive and keep many families. But restoring the normal functioning of rural families in these settlements occurs only in the second half of the 20-s and early 30-s of 19 century. The results can be used in the formation of information base of research on Russian history and historical demography.

scholarly journals F. A. Malyavinʼs panting in Czech collections

2021 ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
Elena P. Serapionova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Private Collections

The review deals with a scientific catalog of works by the Russian artist, a native of the peasant family, of Filipp Andreevich Malyavin, published in Prague, which are kept in state and private collections in the Czech Republic. In addition to the actual catalog of works, the book includes scientific articles, reference materials, indexes, bibliography. The book is richly illustrated. The articles explain the reasons for finding a large number of Malyavinʼs works in the Czech Republic, analyze the phenomenon of Russian post-war and post-revolutionary immigration, reveal the details of the life and creative path of the artist, his connections with Czechoslovakia.

Social Class and the Family Compact: the Class System in the Cataraqui Townships, Ernestown, and Kingston from 1791-1820

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Class System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Family ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Upper Canadian ◽  
Post War

Scholars have often assumed that the Upper Canadian social class system was shaped by a hierarchical and landed patronage system known as the Family Compact. Based on the views of Bishop John Strachan and Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, this Family Compact is viewed as a post-War of 1812 development and is said to replace the oligarchy that was in place in 1791. An examination of the Loyalist settlement townships, in particular Ernestown Township and the Cataraqui Townships, suggests instead that a mercantile aristocracy of patronage and wealth existed by 1791, including Richard Cartwright Jr. of Kingston, along with rural leaders such as the Fairfields and Parrotts of Ernestown. This study of a key and complex time and place challenges prevailing views on class and class consciousness in Upper Canada and refines our understanding of this society. Such an investigation is timely given both the seeming unwillingness of historians to fully challenge existing depictions of the Upper Canadian class system, despite their noticeable flaws, and the impending commemorations of the War of 1812. Using archival documents ( accounts and letters) relating to two Loyalist/merchant families (the Parrotts and the Fairfields) along with a re-interpretation of secondary sources, a new view of a “Merchant Compact” is explored. This approach encompasses the changing relations of the settlements in question (Ernestown/Bath and Kingston) and shows the importance of previously neglected figures such as James Parrott. More broadly, it contributes new layers of analysis to the discussion of class consciousness in Upper Canada.

THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF Y-Ba-Cu-O SUPERCONDUCTORS

1987 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 341-349
Author(s):  
Z.Y. Hua ◽  
C.L. Jia ◽  
H.S. Cheng ◽  
Y.M. Cai ◽  
A.R. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phase Phase ◽  
Superconductive Phase

High Tc superconductors of Y-Ba-Cu-O system with (Y+Ba):Cu=1~2 have been investigated. Results show that any sample in this system with a proportion of Y:Cu between 0.6 and 1.2 is oxygen-deficient and will be superconductive after sintering in an oxygen flow. In this system all superconductors with different nominal composition have a superconductive phase of perovskite-1ike YBa2Cu3O7 (Phase A), and the difference of constituents is shown in another phase (Phase B) which acts as a gettering center. When the composition has an excess of Y, there will be a third phase (Phase C) which has been identified as small particles of Y2O3 . For an exact nominal proportion of Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3 , single-phase superconductors can be prepared.

scholarly journals Making the Countryside Global: The Bucharest School of Sociology and International Networks of Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Raluca Muşat
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
International Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War

The interwar period was a time when the rural world gained new prominence in visions of modernity and modernisation across the world. The newly reconfigured countries of Eastern Europe played a key role in focusing attention on the countryside as an important area of state intervention. This coincided with a greater involvement of the social sciences in debates and in projects of development and modernisation, both nationally and internationally. This article examines the contribution of the Bucharest School of Sociology to the creation of an idea of ‘the global countryside’ that emerged in the interwar years and only matured in the post-war period.

Social Insurance Aid of the Soviet Post-War System in the Western Regions of the Ukrainian SSR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Liliia Drobina
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War

The issues of population social security are also urgent in Ukraine in the 21st century. A lotof these issues still remain poorly studied. The purpose of this article is to clarify the circumstances of the social insurance system formation in the post-war policy of Soviet social security system in the western regions of Ukraine. The social security system is characterized by the formation of trade unions according to the industrial-branch principle. The main and only participants in these funds were enterprises, institutions and organizations; therefore, social and insurance assistance was provided to citizens in a centralized manner and had a strictly targeted purpose. All members of trade unions (workers and employees) were entitled to pensions and free medical care being disabled in the event of injury and other illnesses. In kolkhozes, the peasants could not claim the state aid, they should have been paid the aid from the funds of the collective farms on the decision of the general meeting. In the system of social security, public organizations were formed: disablement association (Ukoopinrada and Ukrinstrakhkasa), mutual aid funds (MAF), the Society of deaf people (UTOG) and the Society of blind people (UTOS). Social security bodies lacked funds; therefore, in general, the decrees remained declarative, since all payments were scanty, much lower than the subsistence level. Keywords: social security, trade unions, mutual aid fund, members of kolgosp, pension, disablement

Rural Modernity in a Time of Crisis: Preservation and Reform in the Books of B. T. Batsford

2018 ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Peter Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
First Century ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Post War ◽  
Art Marketing ◽  
English Heritage

This chapter examines publisher B. T. Batsford’s popular ‘English Heritage’ and ‘Face of Britain’ series, focusing on their subject matter, the range of authors commissioned to write for them (including such figures as H. J. Massingham, Dorothy Hartley, S. P. B. Mais, and Edmund Vale), the books’ graphic art, marketing, and overall interpretation of the challenges facing the rural world. Peter Lowe describes the transformation of an oppositional view of the rural/modern relationship into a less conservationist, more reformist position by 1945. He argues that the books played a significant role in the construction of an idea of English/British cultural identity that proved vital to the nation’s defence. At the same time, wartime events enabled Batsford authors to adopt a more conciliatory tone on the issue of post-war rebuilding. Ultimately, conflicts over rural modernity were subsumed into larger debates about exactly which ‘Britain’ was to survive into the twenty-first century.

Making a Rural Movement: The Farmers’ Union's Answer to a Changing Rural World in Flanders, from the 1960s to the 1970s

Rural History ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-249
Author(s):  
CHANTAL BISSCHOP
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Cultural Goals ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
North Western

AbstractRecently, there has been growing interest in the emergence of rural movements in response to rapid changes in the post war countryside. However, little attention has been paid to the reaction of the old social movements to this transformation in rural society. In this paper, I concentrate on the reaction of the Boerenbond (Farmers’ Union) to the altering Flemish countryside in the 1960s and 1970s. The transformation of the Boerenbond in 1971 into a specialised agricultural organisation and a broader rural movement countered the rapid shrinking of the farm population and the strong specialising of modern farmers. Furthermore, by attracting non-farmers, the Boerenbond maintained its support in the countryside. A farmers’ union opening up to non-farming members in a society with emerging new social movements seems progressive at first glance. But the overall prevalence of agriculture in all stages of discussions and implementation is striking. Nevertheless, the emergence of a rural movement with new socio-cultural goals within an old, corporatist and Catholic farmers’ union suggests that this is a unique case in north-western Europe.

scholarly journals The daily life of the population in the second half of the 1940s – 1950s (by the memories of residents of Karelia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-753
Author(s):  
L.I. Vavulinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
Key Aspects

The realities of daily life in Karelia in post-war years, people’s perceptions of certain events in history, reflections on challenging life circumstances, interpersonal relationships during the period of transition from war to peace based on recollections by residents of Karelia and documents from the Republic of Karelia National Archives are demonstrated. Special focus is on the housing and food issues, the various ways people of the republic employed to adapt to the social and living conditions. The challenges of being a child in post-war time, the role of the school in upbringing are highlighted. Leisure-time arrangements for children and adults, the position occupied by sociocultural factors in the value system of people are shown. Relationships between people, where key aspects were the sense of obligation and mutual aid, are considered. It is argued that remodeling of post-war daily realities relying on recollections of residents of the republic widens the opportunities for reproducing the details of both the material dimension of life and people’s emotions and sentiments.

scholarly journals Cooperative benchmarking at the heart of public policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Malak Bouhazzama ◽  
Mssassi Said
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
National Human ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Social Economy Organizations

In Morocco, the emergence of the cooperative sector in a structured and organized form dates back to the 1980s, although the culture of solidarity, mutual aid and collective work constitute a component of Moroccan culture and traditions. Indeed, social economy organizations, particularly associations and cooperatives, have rapidly developed thanks to the efforts made by the State, especially in the rural world for the financing and support of development projects, the fight against illiteracy, precariousness and poverty, the promotion and integration of women into the economic circuit. Even today and since May 18, 2005, the date of the launch of the National Human Development Initiative (INDH) by His Majesty King Mohamed VI, the aim of this study is to compare the Moroccan Model of cooperative with the other’s counties models.

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