The inefficiency of property paradox in the modern Russian economy

10.12737/1470 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy ◽  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Labor Ratio ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
The One

One of the factors that determine the productivity of labor in modern Russia is employment in the private sector. Employment in the private sector significantly reduces the productivity and efficiency of the economy. This is confirmed by econometric models developed on the basis of the regional statistics for 2001–2011. The negative impact of employment in the private sector proves that the institution of private property is inadequate in this country. The greater the negative effect of the ownership factor, the lower the capital/ labor rate in the region. As a result an institutional trap has emerged. On the one hand, to reduce the negative impact of institution of property imperfectness it is necessary to raise the capital/labor ratio. On the other hand, investments, needed to raise the capital/labor ratio, are inefficient due to that same negative effect of institution of property imperfectness on the productivity of labor. As the econometric analysis reveals, an essential factor which has heavily (up to 70%) contributed to current imperfectness and inefficiency of the private property institution is the federal policy embodied in a set of Federal laws enacted in 2005–2011.

scholarly journals A Warning Call for Fertility Preservation Methods for Women Undergoing Gonadotoxic Cancer Treatment

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Claudia Mehedintu ◽  
Francesca Frincu ◽  
Andreea Carp-Veliscu ◽  
Ramona Barac ◽  
Dumitru-Cristinel Badiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The One

Malignant hematological conditions have recognized an increased incidence and require aggressive treatments. Targeted chemotherapy, accompanied or not by radiotherapy, raises the chance of defeating the disease, yet cancer protocols often associate long-term gonadal consequences, for instance, diminished or damaged ovarian reserve. The negative effect is directly proportional to the types, doses, time of administration of chemotherapy, and irradiation. Additionally, follicle damage depends on characteristics of the disease and patient, such as age, concomitant diseases, previous gynecological conditions, and ovarian reserve. Patients should be adequately informed when proceeding to gonadotoxic therapies; hence, fertility preservation should be eventually regarded as a first-intention procedure. This procedure is most beneficial when performed before the onset of cancer treatment, with the recommendation for embryos or oocytes’ cryopreservation. If not feasible or acceptable, several options can be available during or after the cancer treatment. Although not approved by medical practice, promising results after in vitro studies increase the chances of future patients to protect their fertility. This review aims to emphasize the mechanism of action and impact of chemotherapy, especially the one proven to be gonadotoxic, upon ovarian reserve and future fertility. Reduced fertility or infertility, as long-term consequences of chemotherapy and, particularly, following bone marrow transplantation, is often associated with a negative impact of recovery, social and personal life, as well as highly decreased quality of life.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE VALUE IN AGRICULTURE REVISITED: HOW INVESTMENT SUBSIDIES FOSTER ECO-EFFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czyżewski ◽  
Anna Matuszczak ◽  
Aleksander Grzelak ◽  
Marta Guth ◽  
Adam Majchrzak
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Representative Farms ◽  
Environmental Subsidies

Many researchers and policy makers argue that CAP should support small farms mainly through environmental subsidies contributing by this mean to sustainable agriculture. This study offers a methodological contribution to the value-based sustainability approach, consisting of a computing indicator of environmental sustainable value (ESV). In this study, the authors have attempted to combine the value-oriented approach with DEA frontier benchmarking. In the next step, the authors test how investment subsidies contribute to ESV using a long-term panel of FADN region-representative farms in 2004-2015 with regards to other policy measures and factor endowments. The seminal within-between specification was employed to the control time variant and time in-variant space heterogeneity of European regions. The articles main finding is that higher investment support is beneficial for ESV. Other payments exert a negative effect on ESV besides the cross-sectional impact of environmental subsidies. When it comes to factor endowment influence, there is a positive impact of the capital-labor ratio and negative impact of the capital-land ratio.

scholarly journals The influence of Airbnb on hotel occupancy in Mexico: a Big Data Analysis (2007-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Mario Gómez ◽  
Narciso Salvador Tinoco Guerrero ◽  
Luis Manuel Tinoco Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
The One

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the influence that the usage of the Airbnb’s platform has had on hotel occupancy in Mexico during 2007- 2018 period. The Hotel Classification System is considered to know if there are differences in this influence, according to hotels’ category. To obtain the information from Airbnb, an application was created that extracted the public information of each lodging published on the website. Results were estimated by using the panel data econometric methodology, showing that the only negative impact the usage of Airbnb has on hotel occupancy is in 4-star hotels, and that an increase in the price of Airbnb’s lodgings produces a rise in hotel occupancy. In other hotel categories there is no negative effect. An implication is that the usage of platforms like the one studied can be moderately regulated in Mexico.

Channels and Results of the Latest Sanctions Impacts on the Russian Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
S.V. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the financial and economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the United States, the EU and a group of countries that joined them in March 2014, which, as we know, were constantly extended and supplemented with further restrictive and prohibitive measures. Auto solved two specific research tasks. This is, first, the definition of channels for sanctions to influence the dynamics of Russia’s economic development. Second, the assessment of the time and strength of the negative impact of sanctions on the values of such macroeconomic indicators as: foreign direct investment and investment (FDI) in fixed assets; fixed assets and their commissioning, gross domestic product (GDP) and industrial production; consumer price indices, real monetary income of the population and final consumption. The use of economic and statistical tools made it possible to determine the years of the most severe impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the listed macroeconomic indicators, which in a certain part are also officially approved indicators of the state of economic security of the country. The similarity of channels and results of sanctions, on the one hand, and global financial and economic crises, on the other hand, is also established.

Key factors of productivity and wage in modern Russia

10.12737/582 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The main factors of productivity and wages in modern Russia. These factors — capital-labor, the level of education of the employed population and the level of income inequality, employment in the private sector. Built econometric models that assess the impact of these factors. Models explain the productivity by 81% and labor costs — by 76%. Capital-labor ratio, the level of education and income inequality has a positive impact on productivity and labor costs. Private sector employment has a negative impact on productivity and labor costs. The positive impact of inequality is explained by the regularity characteristic of the poorest and the richest countries in the world. This effect is explained by the peculiarities of the institutional environment and social structure. The negative impact of employment in the private sector due to the imperfection of property in the country. Identified regions of the country in which deviations from the revealed laws. The largest deviations are observed in the Kurgan and Sakhalin regions, in the Kamchatka Krai and the Republic of Kalmykia.

scholarly journals Implementation of the State Anti-Crisis Program to Preserve the Stability of the Economy in the Context of the Spread of COVID-19

Federalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
S. I. Shabel’nikova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Credit Programs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Difficult Times

The sanitary and epidemiological situation that developed at the beginning of this year due to the spread of a new coronavirus infection and the subsequent quarantine measures had a negative impact on the Russian economy. The government of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank, the Federal Assembly, and heads of state authorities responded to the pandemic as soon as possible and took measures to support the population, the sectors of the economy at risk, small and medium-sized businesses, and system-forming enterprises. Additional financial assistance was provided to families with children, citizens who lost their jobs, small and medium-sized businesses, and regional budgets. In addition, earned credit programs on concessionary terms In the article the basic state measures, which helped in difficult times of crisis to preserve the stability of the financial system and support demand of the population is presented indicators of the dynamics of business. However, the modern economy needs a broader set of measures that will allow businesses not only to overcome difficulties, but also to develop at a faster pace, since the negative effect on the Russian economy from a decrease in external demand and restrictive measures to combat the spread of coronavirus may have at the end of this 2020 year.

Productivity Growth, Structural Change and Informality: The Case of Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Voskoboynikov ◽  
V. Gimpelson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Industry Effects ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Total Labour

This study considers the influence of structural change on aggregate labour productivity growth of the Russian economy. The term "structural change" refers to labour reallocation both between industries and between formal and informal segments within an industry. Using Russia KLEMS and official Rosstat data we decompose aggregate labour productivity growth into intra-industry (within) and between industry effects with four alternative methods of the shift-share analysis. All methods provide consistent results and demonstrate that total labour reallocation has been growth enhancing though the informality expansion has had a negative effect. As our study suggests, it is caused by growing variation in productivity levels across industries.

Pengaruh Kepercayaan Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Yang Memunculkan Distrust

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Septian Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
The One ◽  
Loyal Customers

The company certainly wants to increase its sales and increase the number of its customers so that all efforts and methods are carried out, including in building consumer confidence, thus making these consumers become loyal customers or commonly referred to as customers. But on the one hand the trust built by the company actually has a negative impact, namely the emergence of distrust because the frequency of the company offers a variety of products that are sometimes not needed by consumers, this paper is made to answer these phenomena and problems in a concise manner.This research method is by analyzing criticism of several studies about trust that affect consumer loyalty which results in the absence of influence between trust in consumer loyalty.

De la gestión local a la gobernanza global: actores e interacciones multiniveles en la gestión del agua en la ciudad de México

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Joyce Valdovinos
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One

The provision of water services has traditionally been considered a responsibility of the state. During the late 1980s, the private sector emerged as a key actor in the provision of public services. Mexico City was no exception to this trend and public authorities awarded service contracts to four private consortia in 1993. Through consideration of this case study, two main questions arise: First, why do public authorities establish partnerships with the private sector? Second, what are the implications of these partnerships for water governance? This article focuses, on the one hand, on the conceptual debate of water as a public and/or private good, while identifying new trends and strategies carried out by private operators. On the other hand, it analyzes the role of the state and its relationships with other actors through a governance model characterized by partnerships and multilevel networks.Spanish La provisión del servicio del agua ha sido tradicionalmente considerada como una responsabilidad del Estado. A finales de la década de 1980, el sector privado emerge como un actor clave en el suministro de servicios públicos. La ciudad de México no escapa a esta tendencia y en 1993 las autoridades públicas firman contratos de servicios con cuatro consorcios privados. A través de este estudio de caso, dos preguntas son planteadas: ¿Por qué las autoridades públicas establecen partenariados con el sector privado? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de dichos partenariados en la gobernanza del agua? Este artículo aborda por una parte, el debate conceptual del agua como bien público y/o privado, identificando nuevas tendencias y estrategias de los operadores privados. Por otra parte, se analizan el rol y las relaciones del Estado con otros actores a través de un modelo de gobernanza, definido en términos de partenariados y redes multi-niveles.French Les services de l'eau ont été traditionnellement considérés comme une responsabilité de l'État. À la fin des années 1980, le secteur privé est apparu comme un acteur clé dans la fourniture de certains services publics. La ville de Mexico n'a pas échappé à cette tendance et en 1993, les autorités publiques ont signé des contrats de services avec quatre consortiums privés. À travers cette étude de cas, nous nous interrogerons sur deux aspects : pourquoi les autorités publiques établissentelles des partenariats avec le secteur privé ? Quelles sont les implications de ces partenariats sur la gouvernance de l'eau ? Cet article s'intéresse, d'une part, au débat conceptuel sur l'eau en tant que bien public et/ou privé, en identifiant les tendances nouvelles et les stratégies menées par les opérateurs privés. D'autre part y sont analysés le rôle de l'État et ses relations avec d'autres acteurs à travers un modèle de gouvernance, défini en termes de partenariats, et des réseaux multi-niveaux.

PD-L1 and survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
S. I. Kutukova ◽  
N. P. Beliak ◽  
G. A. Raskin ◽  
M. S. Mukhina ◽  
Yu. V. Ivaskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effect Of Pd

Relevance. Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and its effect on survival is still controversial. It should be to determine the prognostic role of PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells of OCSCC and assess their effect on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Materials and methods. A prospective study included 145 patients, first diagnosed with OCSCC. PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells, infiltrating tumor and its microenvironment, was assessed in all tumor samples by IHC, CPS was calculated. Cut-off values were determined by ROC analysis for identification of PD-L1 expression effect on OS and PFS.Results. Most patients with oral mucosa squamous cell carcinoma showed positive expression of PD-L1 on tumor (77.2%) and immune cells (92.4%). The median PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was 13.5% [1.0-40.0], the median PD-L1 expression on immune cells was 5.0% [1.0-11.0], and the median CPS – 18.0 [3.0-7.8]. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant negative effect of PD-L1 expression on immune cells ≤ 7% on OS (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45-0.93; p = 0.0498); PD-L1 expression in tumor cells ≤ 15% (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.43-0.98; p = 0.0416) and CPS ≤ 21 (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.92; p = 0.0183) for PFS. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells ≤ 6% (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.47-1.08; p = 0.1096) and CPS ≤ 7 (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.44-1.01; p = 0.0575) had a confident tendency to negative impact on OS.Conclusion. Positive PD-L1 expression in tumor and immune cells as well as CPS are effective additional factors in the prognosis of the disease course, OS and PFS in patients with OCSCC.

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