scholarly journals Kant's Future: Debates about the Identity of Kaliningrad Oblast

Slavic Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-956
Author(s):  
Miłosz J. Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
The Village

This article addresses the role that the legacy of the pre- and post-WWII past has played in ongoing identity debates among the inhabitants of Kaliningrad oblast of the Russian Federation. Since 1991, interest in preserving this legacy has been on the rise, influencing the inhabitants’ feeling of regional distinctiveness in numerous ways. While the pre-war legacy is important for a considerable number of Kaliningraders, others believe that it threatens the Russian and Soviet mien of the Oblast, both in cultural and political terms. They favor taking greater care of Soviet-era buildings, monuments, and other commemorations of war heroes. This viewpoint disparity has recently widened due to both internal and external factors, including the deterioration of Russo-western relations. A March 2015 incident in the village of Veselovka is used to reflect upon the way in which pre-war and post-war legacies are used in the above-mentioned identity debate. The author examines the direction of identity construction in the oblast through the officially-acknowledged vision of Russianness as pursued by President Vladimir Putin, in particular, and the Russian government, in general.

scholarly journals Current state of the government bond market in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
M. N. Lakoza
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Government Bond ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The article reveals the main current trends of the government bond market in the Russian Federation. Various factors that influence the state bond market were studied. External factors included geopolitical risks, rating actions, monetary policy of world Central banks, and the dynamics of oil prices. The main internal factors were: lower inflation, the Bank of Russia’s monetary policy, the return of non–residents to Russian ruble debt, the strengthening of the ruble, the Bank of Russia’s policy in terms of banking regulation, and the flexible policy of initial placement of Federal loan bonds. In 2019, external factors did not have a primary impact on the Russian government securities market, but they determined the General background of investor relations. The market was largely influenced by internal factors.

scholarly journals Russian Cultural Marking of the International Scene: The Soft Power to the Test (2000-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Jean Cottin Kouma
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
Cultural Variable ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Global Influence

Since the mid-1990s, and even more Vladimir Putin’s accession to the presidency, reaffirmation and recognition of Russia’s status as a great power has been erected as an existential political imperative. The restoration of Russia's global influence is one of the parts of this high-powered policy implemented by the authorities. It manifests itself repeatedly through hard power initiatives outside national borders in Georgia, Ukraine or Syria. But the “color revolutions” in the post-Soviet space, primarily the Orange Revolution of 2004, prompt the Russian government to rethink its foreign policy in order to project a better image of Russia abroad. This late awareness is reflected in the adoption of a clean soft power strategy and its main key instruments are created during the second term of Vladimir Putin (2004- 2008). The notion of soft power will be institutionalized in the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation on February 12, 2013. This article is therefore intended as a contribution to the analysis of the issues surrounding the cultural variable in foreign policy. of the Russian Federation. It is therefore more precisely his ambition to decipher the motives underlying the mobilization of resources for the purpose of cultural outreach by Russia. A country with many contrasts and, moreover, in a world cultural field traditionally controlled by strong Western powers, Russia has opted for soft power, with the triple vision of making its way, to feed its current rise and to pose as a “responsible” and “conciliatory” power. For the twelfth largest economic power in the world, it is also a question of reducing the mistrust and criticism that its presence already arouses on the international scene. The choice made on the cultural variable is therefore not insignificant; because, it is a strategy, through which Russia would like to build, if not regain its greatness of yesteryear.

scholarly journals Book Review—Anne Applebaum’s Red Famine (2017)

Nordlit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Hordijk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The West ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Media Narratives ◽  
Vladimir Putin

The theme setting and particular relevance of artificial or man-made famines seems to come up in intervals, when tensions re-arise between ‘Western’ powers and Russia and seems to be useful for the purposes of ‘demonizing’ ‘Putin’—the current President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin (2000–2008; 2012–)—, ‘the Kremlin’, the Russian government; or simply ‘Russia’ in the eyes of ‘the West’. In recent years, the famine of 1932–1933 has reached new heights as a politicized event to be instrumentalized in a ‘memory war’ on many discursive levels (history, mass media, memorialization, etc.) between key-representatives of the current countries Ukraine and Russia (Hordijk 2018). This should, symptomatically, remind us of the sheer power that media narratives have in shaping public imaginations. The reviewed book: Anne Elizabeth Applebaum. Red Famine: Stalin’s War on Ukraine. ISBN-13: 978–0–241–00380–0. London: Allen Lane, September 2017. Hardcover; 512 pages; recommended retail price: £25.00.

scholarly journals THE STATE AND FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Ilgizar Gaynutdinov ◽  
Farit Mukhametgaliev ◽  
Fayaz Avhadiev
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
The State ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The state and level of development of livestock industries depend on internal (availability of basic production funds, material and labor resources, the level of technological and technical support, etc.) and external factors (the state of the country's economy, fluctuations in market conditions, the solvency of the population, natural resources, economic and political stability, etc.). The effectiveness of livestock industries and the level of their development are determined by a favorable combination of internal and external factors, with their rational use. The research aims to study and analyze the state and level of development of animal husbandry industries in the Russian Federation and abroad, with further identification of areas for improving efficiency and developing recommendations for their further development. As of 2019, compared to the pre-reform period (1990), the number of livestock of agricultural animals in the Russian Federation has sharply decreased: cattle (cattle) - by 3 times, including cows-by 2.6 times, pigs-by 1.5 times, sheep and goats-by 2.6 times. This led to a decrease in the density of livestock per 100 hectares of agricultural land, which reduces the efficiency of land use, including hayfields and pastures. On the territories of the Russian Federation, there are quite a lot of natural forage lands, which, with reasonable specialization and territorial placement of livestock industries, can increase the efficiency of their use. The lack of a unified policy to improve the sustainability of agroecological systems and their effective use in the country does not allow us to reach the pre-reform level of livestock production. For the period from 2010 to 2019, beef production decreased by 6.7%, and milk production by 0.5 %. For meat and meat products, the actual production volumes are above the established threshold of food security, and for milk and dairy products, this level has not yet been reached. So, by 2019, taking into account reserves, the share of domestic production was 83.1 % (with a threshold value of 90 %), and the share of imports was 16.9 %. All this dictates the need to study internal and external factors affecting the development of livestock industries, identify internal reserves and, on this basis, increase production volumes, and ensure competitiveness in the foreign market. In the world market of livestock production, the leading positions are occupied by such industrialized countries as the United States, Canada, Northern Europe, Australia, New Zealand. The analysis of the state of development of animal husbandry in these countries allows us to conclude that the growth of livestock production and livestock productivity was promoted by taking into account and combining internal and external factors - the use of industrial industrial technologies (dairy cattle breeding), taking into account natural factors (meat cattle breeding). The use of cheap sources of natural forage land and climatic conditions that allow for the production of livestock products in some of these countries (Australia, New Zealand, some US states) without the construction of capital livestock buildings makes it possible to obtain cheap, high-quality and competitive products. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries, taking into account the possibilities of agroecological systems, it is necessary to choose the right specialization of livestock industries and on this basis to increase the production volumes and efficiency of livestock products

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAX SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Daniil Il'yasov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
External Factors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Comparative Description

The tax system in different countries of the world is developed taking into account the peculiarities of the economy of states, the tax culture of the citizens of this country, and other indicators that affect the formation of an effective tax system. The article presents a comparative description of the current tax system of the Russian Federation and a number of European countries, presents the main tax charges, tax rates, features of tax accounting, and also presents the mechanisms of tax administration. In many European countries, the tax system is formed based on internal and external factors. Despite the single European Union, each member country has its own distinctive characteristics of forming a national tax system.

scholarly journals STATE LAW PROTECTION OF FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Елена Уматова
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
External Factors ◽  
State Law ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Further Development

The relevance of the article is due to the need for further development of the agri-food industry of the Russian Federation, taking into account the useful experience of other countries. Attention is drawn to the growing importance of the analysis of internal and external factors that weaken the food security of the Russian Federation. A great dependence on imports of basic food products is shown, which reduces the level of food security of the country, exacerbates negative trends in the Russian agricultural economy.

scholarly journals Formation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation in the 1990s: Conditions and Dynamics

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
V. I. Bazhukov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
National Interests ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The characteristics of the creation of the National Security Strategy of Russian Federation during the first decade after the USSR collapse are considered in the article. The dynamics of its changes under the influence of internal and external factors are also analysed. Russia’s transition from a policy of solidarity with the West to defending national interests is explained in the paper.

Issues of co-financing of drug provision for the population: international and Russian practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Ryazhenov ◽  
Victoriya Andreyeva ◽  
Elena Zakharochkina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Russian President ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Drug Provision

Russian President Vladimir Putin defined increase in life expectancy from 72.7 to 78 years by 2024 as a national aim in the Decree № 204 of May 7, 2018. Achievement of this aim depends on drug provision system among other factors. Strategy of drug provision for the population of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 sets the goal of increasing availability of high quality, effective and safe medicines to meet needs of the population and the health system based on the formation of a rational and balanced system of drug provision for the population of the country with available resources. The health care system should expand the possibilities of using modern and effective mechanisms to ensure the financing of drug provision for the population.

Value added tax in case of exports from the special economic zone in the Kaliningrad Oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1433-1448
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. SIDOROVA ◽  
Aleksei A. ARTEM'EV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Free Economic Zone ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Subject. The article focuses on the value added tax in case of exports from the special economic zone in the Kaliningrad Oblast. Objectives. We study methodological aspects of VAT in case of exports from the special economic zone in the Kaliningrad Oblast. Methods. We conducted the content analysis of available sources. The comparative analysis helped confirm the reasonableness, reliability and the relevance of methodological guidelines for determining economically adequate tax implications in terms of VAT in case of exports from the special economic zone in the Kaliningrad Oblast. Results. Importing foreign goods into the special economic zone of the Kaliningrad region and letting them pass the customs procedure of free economic zones, a Kaliningrad-registered legal entity was found to exempt from customs payments, including VAT as part of customs payments under the above procedure. Being transported to elsewhere in the EAEU, any goods in the free economic zone should be treated as foreign goods, unless their status as the EAEU goods is corroborated with documents. The effective tax and customs regulations provide for VAT to be paid on imports into the Russian Federation, including as part of customs payments, and subsequently VAT on the sale of goods in the Russian Federation. VAT on imports, inter alia, as part of customs payments is subject to tax deductions as per Articles 171, 172 of the Russian Tax Code. Conclusions and Relevance. The taxation mechanism herein is identical to that applying to exports from the free economic zone to elsewhere in the customs area of the EAEU if there were not tax clauses envisaged in Federal Law № 72-ФЗ. Hence, the above clauses seem reasonable to be excluded.

scholarly journals OFFENSIVE STRUCTURAL REALISM AND RUSSIAN EXPANSION IN THE ARCTIC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon C. Halaychik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The Russian Federations drive to reestablish itself as a global power has severe security implications for the United States, its Arctic neighbors, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a whole. The former Commander of United States Naval Forces Europe Admiral Mark Ferguson noted that the re-militarization of Russian security policy in the Arctic is one of the most significant developments in the twenty-first century adding that Russia is creating an “Arc of steel from the Arctic to the Mediterranean” (Herbst 2016, 166). Although the Russian Federation postulates its expansion into the Arctic is for purely economic means, the reality of the military hardware being placed in the region by the Russians tells otherwise. Implementation of military hardware such as anti-air defenses is contrary to the stipulated purposes of the Russian Government in the region. Therefore is the Russian Federation building strategic military bases in the Arctic to challenge the United States hegemony due to the mistreatment against the Russians by the United States and NATO after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

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