Analysis of the External Debt of the Russian Federation: Problems and Contradictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
K. Bunevich ◽  
O. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
External Debt ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Market Relations

The overwhelming majority of countries lack their own resources to carry out socio-economic transformations, cover the budget deficit and make domestic investments, which is why many countries resort to external sources of financing, hence the national debt. It will probably be quite difficult to find a country that does not resort to raising funds from external or internal sources of financing. In general, credit cannot be considered as some kind of “absolute evil”, since rationally used loans and borrowings can significantly accelerate economic development, make the process of expanded reproduction more efficient and dynamic, solve many social and economic problems, etc. at the same time, significant public debt is a heavy burden that can complicate the normal functioning of the economic system. The growth of government debt reduces the stock of capital in the economic system (since, for example, the holder of savings, instead of investing in the economy through the purchase of shares of various companies or lending extended reproduction, buys government bonds, thereby financing the state and its needs). External debt — the total debt of the state, expressed in monetary units and interest on their payments. The creation of a civilized financial space is a very important moment for each state that has embarked on the path of market relations in their full implementation. And if most countries capitalized relations long ago, then the independent countries that emerged after the collapse of the socialist empire needed to gain new experience in the shortest possible time.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND THE IDEA OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Boichenko ◽  
Yuliia Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Nation States ◽  
External Relations ◽  
National Values ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources

The article is devoted to the analysis of the ratio of external and internal sources of state sovereignty. It is found that sovereignty cannot be established without external sources, and the sovereignty of the state is to establish external relations with other states as political monads, i. e. coexisting political substances. At the same time, the sovereignty of the state is closely interconnected with the idea of national identity: the justification of sovereignty is the integration of all cultural groups of the country around the idea of national identity, which is the subject of protection of state sovereignty. The national idea acts as the main source of legitimation of the state’s sovereignty, and the national identity acts as a mechanism for combining the national idea and the state’s sovereignty. In today’s globalized society, national identity appears not as an opponent of internationalism, but as a prerequisite for building international relations in recognition of the sovereignty of states that have their own national idea. The global state appears not as a replacement for the nation-state, but only as a principle of interdependence and expression of the need for cooperation between modern nation-states. Global civil society creates a need for the principle of multilateralism in the interaction between modern states, i. e. the need for their constructive interaction based on mutual respect for the idea of national identity and its derivatives — national interests, national values and so on. The strategic provision of internal sources of state sovereignty, especially a clear link between national identity and the integrated national idea, makes possible and appropriate to turn to external sources of state sovereignty.

scholarly journals Tax planning as an effective method to reduce the tax burden of organizations in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13007
Author(s):  
Elena Sivolapenko ◽  
Ekaterina Sapozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
The Russian Federation

Taxes are an integral part of the economic system, not only of any state, but also of each individual organization. The influence of the tax system on the state and development of the economy is an indisputable fact. Tax planning is an effective tool to reduce the tax burden of organizations in the Russian Federation. However, today it is not a recognized method of reducing the costs of an organization, despite its cost-effectiveness, legality and stability. The purpose of this article is to study the tax planning method as an effective tool to reduce the tax burden used by organizations in the Russian Federation. The result of the study is the analysis of the calculations of the tax burden of the organization when applying various tax regimes provided for by the current legislation for individual entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals The Sources and Resources of Investment Activities of Personal Peasant Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
G. T. Molnar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Status ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources

The article analyzes the status of investment activity of personal peasant farms (PPFs). Investment is one of the most important factors in the development of the economy. Especially of great importance are investments aimed at the development of agricultural production, because on its development depend the development of all other sectors of the economy, accelerating the processes of reproduction and increasing its efficiency. It is proved that the investment activity of the PPFs is unsatisfactory, investment processes are insignificant, and the sources of allocation of resources are irrational. The sources of investment provision of personal peasant farms have been identified. It is concluded that internal sources of financing of PPFs, which consist of: income from economic activity, related types of activities, provision of services, lease of land plots, pensions, wages, scholarships of members of the PPFs, funds from the sale of property, rent for land plots, interests on deposit investments, insurance payments from reimbursement of losses, previously accumulated savings, etc., are not sufficient. Therefore, we need to look for opportunities to provide resources for external sources of funding. The key role here should be played by the State. It is necessary to develop an effective mechanism for attracting and implementing investment support from the part of the State, as well as external and internal investments, along with joint projects.

scholarly journals National Security and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: Challenges to the Economic System of the State and Prospects for Ensuring its Security

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-469
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Bezuglaya ◽  
Inna N. Shamray
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The current transformation of economic relations in the society caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses a threat to national security of all countries. However, the regulations of the Russian Federation on national security do not provide for such threats and measures to eliminate them, and the economic system has no reserves to provide social support to the bulk of the countryʼs population. The objective of the article is, based on the results of the study, to identify measures to create an effective national security system based on the rhizomatic logic, which allows the economic system to develop in the circumstances of constant bifurcations when a constant choice of the most effective attractor is required. Materials and Methods. Regulatory documents and publications by Russian and foreign scientists were used as the research materials. The study employed general scientific methods of empirical research, as well as general logical methods and research techniques: analysis of regulatory documents and trends in national security indicators, generalization, induction and deduction, the systematic approach, which made it possible to propose the use of the rhizomatic logic for the formation of an integrated national security system and draw conclusions. Results. The Strategy for Ensuring the National Security of the Russian Federation has been studied, as well as the parameters of the state of national security; it has been concluded that it is necessary to refine the regulatory framework. The study of the parameters of economic security as the basis of national security has shown that not all the approved indicators are calculated at the national level. These trends are dangerous for economic and national security due to objective reasons; therefore the national security system is not effective. Discussion and Conclusion. The formation of an effective system of national security of a new type should take place in terms of the rhizomatic logic, which makes it possible to see higher-order systems from the perspective of an observer. This is how effective re-combination of security factors and rapid restructuring of economic relations becomes possible. The article may be useful for researchers dealing with national security issues.

Theoretical Foundations of the Socio-Economic System of the Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Monarhov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Available Resources

Economic transformations have had a significant impact on the systemic foundations of the functioning of regions as components of the state. At the same time, the development and finalization of a science-based approach to the concept of «socio-economic system of the region» is hindered by its multidimensionality and polystructure. The article analyzes and summarizes the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of researching approaches to the essence of the regional socio-economic system. As a result of the study, the components forming the regional socio-economic system are identified. Using a systematic approach and analysis of structural elements, the region is considered from the perspective of a social economic system. The author offers definitions of the concepts of «socio-economic system» and «regional socio-economic system». As part of the study, the main objective of the functioning of the regional socio-economic system is defined as the most efficient use of available resources to ensure economic growth and as a result of improving the standard of living of citizens.

scholarly journals Statutory Acts of Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation as Financial Law Sources

Financial law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Eremin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Market Relations

This article examines the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation subjects as sources of financial law. The article notes that the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation subjects have already proved their inseparability in practice and confirmed the need for the existence of the entire financial order in the system of financial and legal relations. There is no doubt that the regional level of financial regulation is a significant regulator of financial activity, the economic system and developing market relations.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF RUSSIAN TOURISM IN BULGARIA: GEOPOLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Николина ПОПОВА ◽  
Nikolina POPOVA ◽  
Людмила Мукова ◽  
Lyudmila MUKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Tourism is a complex socio-economic system and is an object of analysis of economics, geopolitics, law, psychology, sociology, etc., which necessitates interdis- ciplinary research. The object of this comprehensive study covers the means to achieve sustainable economic development of tourism in a particular country – Bulgaria in relation to the Russian Federation, and the subject is the consideration of three groups of factors actively affecting the state of the sector: geopoliti- cal, economic and state-legal.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of human capital in the Russian Federation

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Nataliya Izvarina ◽  
Vera Shumilina ◽  
Amulanga Sangadzhieva
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article examines the analysis of human capital from the standpoint of strengthening its role in the context of globalization, tightening of political relations, worsening of the epidemiological situation, a pandemic that strongly inhibits economic transformations. This position determines the need to identify reserves for raising the country's economy, maintaining its positive dynamics, therefore, the analysis of human capital becomes a priority task of the state. The authors analyzed key publications that consider the problem of human capital and carried out a statistical analysis of key indicators.

Analysis of Foreign and Domestic Experience in the Formation of the Structure of Defense and Security Spending

Auditor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V. Zemskov ◽  
V. Volkonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Key Aspects

Th e article is devoted to the issues of ensuring national defense and security as a key mechanism for infl uencing threats that have both external and internal sources in relation to the state, the most important component being society. Th e analysis carried out in the framework of the study is focused on identifying key aspects of the formation of the structure of expenditures on defense and security of a number of developed countries, comparing the results with the current structure of expenditures in the Russian Federation, establishing key advantages and disadvantages of the domestic approach, developing recommendations for its improvement.

scholarly journals SYSTEM OF FACTORS AND MECHANISM OF «GREEN TRANSFORMATION» OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Kotsko
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Low Efficiency

The problems of «green economy» development as an important component of structural transformations, a factor in the formation of a new model of economic system, which is characterized by flexibility, innovation and a tendency to self-development are considered in the article. The nature and features of «green transformations», their influence on the processes of formation of the branch structure of the economy are shown. The factors of «green transformations» are systematized, the peculiarities of their manifestation and possible effects are characterized. The role of the state in ensuring the processes of structural optimization of the economy on the basis of environmentally friendly policy is considered. The system of limitations of effective transformation of the structure of the economy in the conditions of incompleteness of market-oriented economic transformations, the presence of significant structural disparities and resource-intensive nature of the economic model is revealed. The fact that structural transformations are associated with progressive changes in the structure of the economy, the development of integration processes at the intersectoral level, as well as greening the economy, the emergence of green sectors of the economy, strengthening their integration into intersectoral relations is emphasized. The mechanism of the development of «green economy» in the context of transformation of the structure of economic system is revealed. It is proved that even in the conditions of resource-intensive economy and low efficiency of institutional environment, the state policy of stimulating development of a «green sector» economy, provides the formation of preconditions of innovative development of economy, that gradually activates processes of structural transformations. The development of the «green economy» is seen as a factor in diversifying the model of the economic system, strengthening the level of integration of industries, ensuring the internal structural integrity of the economy, its stability and flexibility. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the processes of «green economy» development, the need to find approaches to ensure the rational integration of environmental and economic instruments of public policy into its integrated mechanisms is substantiated.

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