scholarly journals RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Галина Захарова ◽  
Galina Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Substitution Method ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Economic instability, a decline in investment activity, an acceleration in the rate of inflation, and in part the inability of domestic producers to resist competitors from abroad, predetermined the need for fundamental qualitative changes in the economic policy of the country. In business, there is a golden rule of success: use any problem as a chance to improve something and reach a new level of development. Thus, the import substitution method was proposed, which also affected agriculture. The rapidly changing macroeconomic conditions (the necessity for import substitution of agricultural products in a short time in conditions of limited trade with individual countries, the change in the support system in the EU since 2015, the continuing weakening of the national currency) have set new tasks for agriculture. The article presents an analysis of the results of agriculture functioning under conditions of import substitution.

scholarly journals Current State and Post-Crisis Develo Pments of EU-CIS Trade: Perspective Tools to Ensure Sustainability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ivolga ◽  
Vasily Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Trade Perspective ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Global financial and economic recession had negatively influenced the dynamic of the international trade in 2008-2012. The post-crisis period of global market development can be described by the tendency of growing international trade flows. However, according to many experts, to ensure this tendency, the international trade policy within the frame of the WTO should be changed. The paper includes the analysis of current market of the EU-CIS trade, describes the main tendencies of its post-crisis development and major approaches and tools to ensure sustainability of such development. The analysis involved main exporting and importing countries for each analyzed product group. Sub-goals include an overview of the WTO threats and opportunities for Russian agriculture and trade with agricultural products globally, as well as comparison of main consequences of the WTO accession for the CIS countries, such as Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia and Moldova. This is also related to the state support of agricultural production in Russia and CIS and its influence on volumes, directions, structure and effectiveness of international trade with agricultural products.

Russian grain exports will rise as farming prospers

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetically Modified Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Bounce Back ◽  
The Eu

Subject Optimistic outlook for Russian agriculture. Significance Russia is set to overtake Canada and the United States to become the world's largest grain exporter this year, and some forecasters are predicting even higher levels. Moscow has extended its embargo on food imports until the end of 2016, although a recent thaw in relations with Turkey should revive fruit, vegetable and dairy imports from that country. Russian agriculture has performed well, boosted by an import substitution programme. Impacts If the EU lifts sanctions in January 2017, Russia may reciprocate, but food imports will not bounce back to their former scale. Russian food exporters will seek new markets and build export terminals to serve them. Moscow will be a bastion against genetically modified food products.

Investments and basic fixed assets in agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Stanisław Urban ◽  
Anna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
The Eu

In Poland, investment activity in agriculture is visible especially after 2004, i.e. after accession to the European Union (EU). The incentive for farmers were invest funds directed to the common agricultural policy of the EU and an increase in demand for Polish agricultural products in the single European market. In the years 2000–2012 expenditures for all groups of investment in agriculture tend to rise. The largest increase was recorded in capital expenditures per 1 ha of farmland. This was due to financial support from the EU. Analysis showed a high diversity of farms in terms of equipment on tractors. Large farms had most tractors and they were best equipped in the high-power tractors. However, the biggest increase in tractors of 15 kW in the period from 2002 to 2012 was observed in farms with an area of 2–3 hectares (double) and 1–2 hectares (three times).

scholarly journals REALIZATION OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Кириллова ◽  
Olga Kirillova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Near Future

The problems of import substitution in Russia arose long ago, even before the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions and counter-sanctions. This is due to the fact, that Russia is an exporting country of raw materials, which led to import dependence on other countries. At present, there is an urgent need to introduce import substitution policies, insufficient amount of equipment and means of production, raw material and its sources, lack of effective infrastructure does not allow Russia to fully provide itself with the necessary food products. It is also important that, for example, there are foreign competitors in the dairy market, who sell their products much cheaper than Russian ones. A good example is Belarus. Recently, Armenia has become an active participant in the market, which exports cheese to Russia. But after all, as you know, if it’s cheaper, then the quality suffers. The volume of falsified products also increases. According to experts, Russian producers will not be able to satisfy the needs of the population in the near future, because it is necessary to increase the milch herd, significantly improve the village infrastructure, purchase the necessary equipment, etc. The volume of investments in this sector should be 200-500 billion rubles. This can not be done in a short time and therefore Russia will still depend on imports of dairy products from Belarus and other countries. Therefore, the Russian Federation needs to take the necessary measures that will enable the state to protect not only dairy, but also other branches of agriculture in Russia, which will immediately affect the quality and income of the country’s population. Fully apply import substitution in Russia will be unprofitable for the economy and will be associated with increased inflation, a decrease in savings, a reduction in investment activity, a deficit in the balance of payments.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN THE RUSSIAN IMPORT SUBSUMPTION SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Кириллова ◽  
Olga Kirillova
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The Usa

Nowadays, anti-Russian sanctions, imposed by the EU and the USA, have a special impact on the agrifood market. This enabled domestic producers to establish profitable production of pig breeding, vegetable growing, plant growing, etc. This can be facilitated by a program to subsidize interest rates on investment loans for the construction and modernization of complexes for the maintenance of animals, farms and the purchase of breeding animals. High competitiveness of products and quick payback will lead to an increase in the level of investment in the industry. The main problem of full-fledged use of such programs is the lack of money in the state budget and the high state debt on investment loans. The income of agricultural producers is greatly influenced by the constant decrease in the incomes of agricultural consumers and, consequently, the decrease in demand for agricultural products. Falsification of food products has a special impact on the agricultural products market. Problems for the agro-industrial complex continue to remain: the modernization of production and technology, the provision of highly qualified specialists in the agricultural sectors. An important issue is the resource map of the regions, which is the study of each region separately in terms of using its competitive advantages. This will significantly increase the level of socio-economic growth of the country, because competitive advantages of each territory will be involved. Under the tightening of sanctions, Russia will not be able to completely replace imports with domestic products in the coming years. To a large extent this is due to a shortage of production capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the strategy of export-oriented import substitution, which is connected with increasing the competitive advantages of domestic production. A full application of import substitution in Russia will be unprofitable for the economy and will be associated with increased inflation, a decrease in savings, a reduction in investment activity, a deficit in the balance of payments.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CURRENT SITUATION, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Shulha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Eu

The state and contradictions of the development of the agricultural sector of the national economy are investigated. Challenges at the micro-, macro- and global levels for the agricultural sector in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. It is noted that the main problems for the domestic agricultural sector in a pandemic were: reducing the purchasing power of the population, limiting the functioning of agri-food markets during quarantine, complicating the logistics of agricultural products. It is established that changes in the markets of countries that are major importers of agricultural products from Ukraine (China, India, the EU, Turkey, Egypt) in a pandemic will have the greatest impact on the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector. It is concluded that among all sectors of the national economy, agriculture is the least affected by quarantine restrictions. It is shown that small and medium-sized farms suffer the greatest losses in a pandemic. The tasks facing agricultural enterprises and the state in the conditions of a pandemic are determined. The strategic directions of agricultural policy in Ukraine are indicated.

scholarly journals Structural and regional features of the development of Russia’s agri-food exports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
M. D. Goryachko ◽  
N. S. Leonenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Balassa Index

The recent interest in the topic of agri-food exports is caused by investment activity in agriculture after 2014 and, as a consequence, the positive dynamics of the main indicators of the industry's development. Russia’s food exports has grown more than 15 times since the early 2000s, and the dozens of countries around the world buy this food. At the same time, there are structural and regional features that indicate the limited results achieved in foreign trade, but Russia’s agri-food exports are growing only at the expense of three categories of goods (grain, vegetable oil and fish) with a lower added value than by top-processed food products. It is noted that despite the large number of importing countries, only a few of them purchase significant volumes of Russia’s food. The aim of the study is to quantify the regional differences in the involvement of the territory in the export of food and agricultural raw materials. The assessment showed that most of the Russia’s regions are poorly involved in foreign trade, therefore more than half of all food exports belong to several regions that have a large seaport and produce one of the three main food products. Based on the assessment results, a typology of Russia’s regions is presented according to the criterion of involvement in Russia’s export of agricultural products, taking into account the characteristics of exported products (upper, middle or lower processing). The results obtained make it possible to assess the real export activity of the agroindustrial sector of the regions and the potential for its increase in the future. To calculate the dynamics and regional distribution of Russia’s food exports we used the database of the Federal Customs Service of Russia (HS codes 01-24). In the article, we also calculated the Balassa index and the export diversification index, modified for analyzing the involvement of Russia’s regions in the export of agricultural products.

Geographical Indications for agricultural products and foodstuffs in the EU: to what extent does the protection level match the scope of the subject matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-294
Author(s):  
Kim Van der Borght ◽  
Jianmei Gao ◽  
Xiaoting Song
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

To recognize an origin-linked production model and the typicity of the products, the European Union (EU) has introduced the Geographical Indication (GI) protection regime. By requiring that relevant production steps must take place in the defined locale, the regime confers exclusive production rights on the local producers. There are two GI categories in the EU. The first is Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), covering products with a qualitative link to both natural and human factors in the designated region. The second is Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), the scope of which overlaps with PDO and covers products that have a qualitative or reputational link with their regional origin. This article examines whether exclusive rights are necessary and appropriate to fulfil their objectives and argues that these rights, when extended to human factors and reputation, cannot always be justified. It is argued that the overlapping scope of the subject matter undermines the ability of these two GI protection categories to provide transparent and trustworthy information for consumers. Finally, this article proposes to redefine the scope of the subject matter and the protection level for PDO and PGI by approaching the product/origin link from a resource utilization, integration and sustainability perspective. *Corresponding author: [email protected]. The research for this article was partially funded by Vrije Universiteit Brussel/China Scholarship Council Joint Scholarship and the National Social Science Fund of China (Grant No. 16 ZDA236).

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