PLUTONIUM-239 DIOXIDE IN THE LUNG. Report 2: Pathology of the lungs of rats induced by intratracheal injection of plutonium-239 dioxide

2017 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Е. Жорова ◽  
E. Zhorova ◽  
И. Беляев ◽  
I. Belyaev ◽  
В. Калистратова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Epithelial Origin ◽  
Intratracheal Injection ◽  
Intact Rats

Purpose: The study of lung pathology induced by intratracheal injection of plutonium-239 dioxide and obtaining actual data on the dose-dependent profile of the remote consequences. Material and methods: The plutonium dioxide was introduced into nonlinear white male rats once intratracheally in the amount of 100 kBq/kg body weight. Experimental animals were observed during their whole life. Radiometric, histoautoradiographical, histological and statistical research methods were used. Indicators of lung pathology were inflammatory, sclerotic, precancerous and neoplastic changes in the lungs. Results: The calculation of absorbed doses in the lungs showed their variety from 1 to 400 Gr. The paper presents a quantitative analysis of remote lung pathology according to the groups with average absorbed doses from 7 to 306 Gy. The introduction of 239PuO2 significantly increased the frequency of sclerotic changes of the lungs compared with intact rats (11 and 46 % respectively). Tumors were found in the lungs of 20 % of intact rats and of 51 % of the rats that received 239PuO2. Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin prevailed. They were formed in 9 % of the biological control rats and in 41 % of the rats, carriers of 239PuO2. The dependence of the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs from absorbed dose in the organ was revealed. Conclusion: A single intratracheal introduction of 239PuO2 has increased the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs of rats compared with intact animals. With the increase of the absorbed dose in the lungs the number of rats with pneumosclerosis, tumors of epithelial origin and multiple tumors has grown. Most indicative are adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinomas. With the increasing of absorbed dose not only the frequency, but a spectrum of tumors varies. Dose response – probability of effect for each type of non-neoplastic and neoplastic pathology has its own character. For tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, localized in the lungs, the opposite from tumors of epithelial origin, dependence of the frequency of their formation from the absorbed dose has been revealed.

scholarly journals Morphological features of the wall of common bile duct under the conditions of experimental opioid exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
L.R. Mateshuk-Vatseba ◽  
I.I. Hirniak ◽  
U.Y. Pidvalna
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
White Male ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
White Rats ◽  
The Common

The morphological condition of the bile ducts remains one of the most important problems of modern medical science. In order to obtain an analgesic effect in patients with acute cholangitis, opioids are often used. However, information on the effectiveness of opioids in the treatment of pathological conditions of the bile ducts is contradictory. The rapidly progressive destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with the use of narcotic agents has been described. Further study of the effect of opioids on the structural organization of the common bile duct is relevant. In order to establish the morphological state of the common bile duct under conditions of long-term opioid exposure, a study was performed on 24 sexually mature white male rats, aged 3.5-5.0 months and weighing 180-200 g, which were injected intramuscularly with Nalbuphine for 6 weeks. The study material is represented by histological specimens of the common bile duct of white rats. The “Aver Media” computer system was used to photograph microspecimens. The “ImageJ” computer program was used to measure the diameter of the lumen and the wall thickness of the common bile duct. After 2 weeks of Nalbuphine administration to white rats, plethora of wall microvessels and a significant increase in the longitudinal diameter of the lumen of the common bile duct were observed. After 4 weeks of the experiment, the common bile duct was dilated, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of its lumen almost doubled, pathological changes in its wall had all the signs of inflammation. In the later stages of the experiment (introduction of Nalbuphine for 6 weeks), the pathological changes increased and manifested by destructuring the wall of the common bile duct, disorganization of cholangiocytes, thinning of the cell layer due to detachment of cholangiocytes, polymorphism of their nuclei, destruction of intercellular junctions, stratification of its own plate, vacuolar dystrophy of the muscular membrane “varicose” expansion of venules, significant smooth muscle hyperplasia of arterioles, the presence of perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in the duct wall.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IMUNOPHAN ON MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PEYER'S PATCHES IN SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS UNDER IMMUNOSUPPRESSION INDUCED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
E.N. Morozova ◽  
V.N. Morozov ◽  
A.V. Tverskaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intact Rats

The aim of the study is to analyze morphometric parameters and histological structure of Peyer's patches in the small intestine of rats after imunofan administration under immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphan. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on 36 white male rats (210–250 gramms). The animals were divided into two groups. Rats of Group 1 were injected with cyclophosphamide on the 1st day of the experiment (200 mg/kg). On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days they received imunofan (0.7 μg/kg). Group 2 consisted of intact rats. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 7th, 30th, and 90th days after imunofan administration. The authors measured the length and width of Peyer's patches, and the distance from the ileocecal angle to the first patch. We also examined the height and width of lymph nodes and internodal zones on histological sections. Results. On the 7th and 30th days of our study the length and width of Peyer's patches increased by 18.71 %/16.94 % and 3.56 %/24.22 % respectively in mature animals, compared with the intact rats. At the same time, the distance from the ileocecal angle to the 1st Peyer’s patch decreased by 6.15 % and 19.80 %. The micrography showed that the height and width of the lymph nodes of Peyer's patches in experimental animals increased by 29.79 %/12.73 % (Day 7) and 10.49 %/12.46 % (Day 30) in comparison with the intact rats. The linear sizes of internodal zones increased by 39.35 %/10.33 % (Day 7) and 4.77 %/4.25 % (Day 30). By the 90th day, the macroscopic parameters of Peyer's patches, the height and width of their lymph nodules and internodal zones approxomated those of intact animals. Conclusion. When using imunofan under experimental immunosuppression, macro- and micromorphometric parameters of Peyer's patches of the small intestine of mature rats gradually approximated those in intact rats, which indicated the leveling of cyclophosphan immunosuppressive effect. Key words: rats, small intestine, Peyer's patches, imunofan, cyclophosphan. Цель исследования – изучение морфометрических параметров и гистологического строения пейеровых бляшек тонкой кишки крыс после введения имунофана на фоне иммуносупрессии, вызванной циклофосфаном. Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на 36 белых крысах-самцах массой 210–250 г. Животные были разделены на две группы. В I группе крысам в 1-е сут эксперимента вводился циклофосфан в дозе 200 мг/кг, на 2, 4, 6, 8, 10-е сут – имунофан в дозе 0,7 мкг/кг массы тела; II группу составили интактные крысы. Животные выводились из эксперимента на 7, 30, 90-е сут после завершения введения имунофана. Измерялись длина и ширина пейеровых бляшек, а также расстояние от илеоцекального угла до первой из них, а на гистологических срезах – высота и ширина их лимфатических узелков и межузелковых зон. Результаты. У половозрелых животных на 7-е и 30-е сут наблюдения длина и ширина пейеровых бляшек увеличивалась на 18,71 и 16,94 % и 3,56 и 24,22 % соответственно по сравнению с данными интактных крыс, а расстояние от илеоцекального угла до первой из них уменьшалось на 6,15 и 19,80 %. При микроскопическом исследовании высота и ширина лимфатических узелков пейеровых бляшек были больше по сравнению с данными интактных крыс на 29,79 и 12,73 % (7-е сут), 10,49 и 12,46 % (30-е сут), а линейные размеры межузелковых зон – на 39,35 и 10,33 % (7-е сут), 4,77 и 4,25 % (30-е сут). К 90-м сут макроскопические параметры пейеровых бляшек, а также высота и ширина их лимфатических узелков и межузелковых зон приближались к данным интактных животных. Выводы. При использовании имунофана на фоне экспериментальной иммуносупрессии значения исследуемых макро- и микроморфометрических параметров пейеровых бляшек тонкой кишки половозрелых крыс в ходе эксперимента постепенно приближались к аналогичным показателям интактных крыс, что свидетельствует о нивелировании иммуносупрессивного эффекта циклофосфана. Ключевые слова: крысы, тонкая кишка, пейеровы бляшки, имунофан, циклофосфан.

Dioxide Plutonium-239 in the Lung. Report 3: Different Effect of Vitamins A, C and β-carotene on the Long-term Consequences of Incorporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
И. Беляев ◽  
I. Belyaev ◽  
Е. Жорова ◽  
E. Zhorova ◽  
В. Калистратова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plutonium Dioxide ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Malignant Changes ◽  
Β Carotene

Purpose: Testing of vitamin preparations as a means of prophylaxis long-term effects of destruction of incorporated radionuclides. Analysis of experimental material about the influence of L-ascorbic acid, retinol palmitate and β-carotene on the long-term effects inside the lungs of incorporation dioxide plutonium-239. Material and methods: The studies were performed on 628 white nonlinear male rats. Plutonium dioxide was administered to white nonlinear male rats once intratracheally in the amount of 100 kBq/kg body weight. The diet was enriched by L-ascorbic acid, retinol palmitate or synthetic β-carotene. The analysis of pathological effects inside the lungs of incorporation of the plutonium dioxide was carried out by groups formed based on individual absorbed doses in the range of their geometric means between 32 and 212 Gy. Test animals were observed for life. Radiometric, histological and statistical methods were used. Indicators of the pathology of the organ of respiration were inflammatory, sclerotic, premalignant and malignant changes in the lungs. Indicators of breathing pathology: inflammatory, sclerotic, premalignant and malignant changes in the lungs are quantified. Results: Long-term consumption of vitamins C, A and β-carotene in intact rats did not affect the life span of animals and the total frequency of the identified types of lung cancer. We found a significant increase in the frequency of pneumosclerosis in groups of rats received vitamin A (27 %) or β-carotene (29 %) compared with intact animals (11 %). Multidirectional effect of vitamins A, C and β-carotene on selected indicators of long-term effects inside the lungs of incorporation 239PuO2 has been marked. Vitamin A and β-carotene intensified the sclerotic processes in the organ of respiration, and vitamin A largely (67 %) than β-carotene (57 %) with 46 % in controls. When enriching the ration of animals with the studied vitamin preparations, the regularity of increasing the number of rats with tumors localized in the lungs was preserved. Both positive and negative influence on radiation carcinogenesis and the lack of effect depending on the absorbed dose was noted. With the increase of absorbed dose from 32 to 212 Gy not only the frequency but also the spectrum of tumors localized in the lungs has varied. Against the background of increasing the total number of tumors has increased the number of rats with tumors of epithelial origin and decreased with gematosarcoma. No effect is investigated vitamin preparations on the metabolism of plutonium dioxide-239 installed. Consumption of the studied drugs did not affect the lifespan of rats with intra-lungs the introduction of dioxide of plutonium-239 and the process of formation of absorbed doses in the lungs. Conclusions: Vitamin A and β-carotene stimulate the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats of intact and affected 239PuO2 ones. The result of the use of vitamins A, C and β-carotene showed the different (positive and negative) effect on the formation of lung tumors induced 239PuO2 in various ranges of absorbed doses. In the studied forms, doses and schemes assign vitamins A, C and β-carotene cannot be recommended for the prevention of spontaneous and 239PuO2-induced pathological changes in the lung.

THYMUS VARIABILITY IN WHITE RATS EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
V.N. Voloshin ◽  
I.S. Voloshina ◽  
I.Yu. Vash
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Formaldehyde Inhalation

The aim of the paper is to study thymus variability in white rats, which were exposed to formaldehyde, and to compare these data with the indicators in control animals. Materials and Methods. The trial enrolled 72 white male rats, initial body weight 40–50 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups (36 rats in each). The first group consisted of control rats. Animals of the second group were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation, 2.766 mg/m3. To characterize the variability of the organ size, centroids were determined. The superposition of landmark configurations was performed using the generalized Procrustes analysis method, MorphoJ 1.06d program. The principal component analysis and canonical analysis of the obtained data were carried out. Results. One-Way ANOVA revealed a high level of intergroup differences in Procrust distance (F=1.34; p<0.0001). The significant effect of the duration of formaldehyde exposure on centroid size was established. The Kruskal-Wallis criterion was 19.778 (p=0.0014). The analysis of the principal components indicated that each of the first 10 components stands for more than 1 % of Procrustes coordinate variance. In this case, the first 7 components compatibly explain 91.398 % of thymus variability. The proportion of the first main component to the total variance of the Procrustes coordinates is 40.236 %. PC1 (-) shows changes in the thymus shape, mostly affecting the tops of its lobes, the middle part of the right boundary and the entire left thymus boundary. The scattering ellipses of the thymus ordinates in rats exposed to formaldehyde, in the first two canonical variables are located higher than those in the control animals. Conclusion. Formaldehyde inhalation leads to thymus changes in white rat. The most significant differences with control data are determined along the second canonical variable. Keywords: thymus, form, rat, formaldehyde, geometric morphometry. Цель. Изучение изменчивости формы тимуса белых крыс, находившихся в условиях влияния формальдегида, и сравнение этих данных с показателями, полученными у контрольных животных. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 72 белых крысах-самцах с начальной массой тела 40–50 г. Животные были разделены на 2 серии (по 36 крыс). Первую серию составляли контрольные крысы. Животные второй серии подвергались ингаляционному воздействию формальдегида (ФА) в концентрации 2,766 мг/м3. Для характеристики изменчивости размеров органов определяли размер их центроидов. Процедуру суперимпозиции конфигураций ландмарок выполняли методом генерализованного прокрустова анализа с использованием программы MorphoJ 1.06d. Проводили анализ главных компонент и канонический анализ полученных данных. Результаты. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ выявил высокий уровень межгрупповых различий по показателю прокрустовых расстояний (F=1,34; р<0,0001). Установлено значительное влияние продолжительности нахождения животных в условиях воздействия ФА на размер центроида. Критерий Краскела–Уоллиса составил 19,778 (р=0,0014). Анализ главных компонент указывал на то, что каждая из первых 10 компонент объясняет более 1 % дисперсии прокрустовых координат. При этом первые 7 компонент совместно объясняют 91,398 % изменчивости формы тимуса. Вклад первой главной компоненты в общую дисперсию прокрустовых координат составляет 40,236 %. РС1 (–) показывает изменения формы тимуса, в большей степени затрагивающие верхушки его долей, среднюю часть правого контура и весь левый контур тимуса. Эллипсы рассеивания ординат тимусов, принадлежащих крысам, подвергавшимся влиянию ФА, в пространстве первых двух канонических переменных расположены выше по отношению к таковым контрольных животных. Заключение. Ингаляционное воздействие формальдегида приводит к изменению формы тимуса белых крыс. Наибольшие различия с контрольными данными определяются вдоль второй канонической переменной. Ключевые слова: тимус, форма, крыса, формальдегид, геометрическая морфометрия.

scholarly journals α-Particle-induced DNA damage tracks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of [223Ra]RaCl2-treated prostate cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schumann ◽  
U. Eberlein ◽  
C. Lapa ◽  
J. Müller ◽  
S. Serfling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Abstract Purpose One therapy option for prostate cancer patients with bone metastases is the use of [223Ra]RaCl2. The α-emitter 223Ra creates DNA damage tracks along α-particle trajectories (α-tracks) in exposed cells that can be revealed by immunofluorescent staining of γ-H2AX+53BP1 DNA double-strand break markers. We investigated the time- and absorbed dose-dependency of the number of α-tracks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients undergoing their first therapy with [223Ra]RaCl2. Methods Multiple blood samples from nine prostate cancer patients were collected before and after administration of [223Ra]RaCl2, up to 4 weeks after treatment. γ-H2AX- and 53BP1-positive α-tracks were microscopically quantified in isolated and immuno-stained PBMCs. Results The absorbed doses to the blood were less than 6 mGy up to 4 h after administration and maximally 16 mGy in total. Up to 4 h after administration, the α-track frequency was significantly increased relative to baseline and correlated with the absorbed dose to the blood in the dose range < 3 mGy. In most of the late samples (24 h – 4 weeks after administration), the α-track frequency remained elevated. Conclusion The γ-H2AX+53BP1 assay is a potent method for detection of α-particle-induced DNA damages during treatment with or after accidental incorporation of radionuclides even at low absorbed doses. It may serve as a biomarker discriminating α- from β-emitters based on damage geometry.

scholarly journals Is nuclear medicine really safe?

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (spe) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Nicole Colas-Linhart
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Standard Models

In nuclear medicine, radiation absorbed dose estimates calculated by standard models at the whole body or organ are very low. At cellular level, however, the heterogeneity of radionuclide distributions of radiation dose patterns may be significant. We present here absorbed doses at cellular level and evaluate their possible impact on the usually assumed risk/benefit relationships in nuclear medicine studies. The absorbed dose values calculated are surprisingly high, and are difficult to interpret. In the present study, we show calculated doses at the cellular level and discuss possible biological consequences, for two radiopharmaceuticals labelled with technetium-99m: human serum albumin microspheres used for pulmonary scintigrapies and HMPAO used to labelled leukocytes.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diInduksi Aloksan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Hafshah . ◽  
Kristina Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
White Male ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Post Hoc

The sufferers of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is the highest with fourth number in the world, with a mortality rate of 1.2 million in 2012. Because of it, DM research using antihyperglycemic green tea is needed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of green tea extracts on decreasing fasting blood glucose (KGDP) levels in alloxan-induced white male Wistar rats. Samples were 30 male rats, aged 8-12 weeks, weight ± 200 grams. Rats were grouped into 6 groups with the first group (K1) as a control, the second group (K2) induced alloxan, the third group (K3) induced alloxan with glibenclamide, the fourth group (K4), the fifth group (K5), and the sixth group (K6) induced alloxan with green tea extract as the treatment with dose of green tea extract, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg. The first, FBG level examination is done 3 days after induction of alloxan using a glucometer. Giving green tea extract was given for 16 days orally, then FBG level re-examined from the tail of rats. One Way ANOVA Test Results, there is the effectiveness of green tea extract on reducing FBG level (p = 0,000). The post hoc Bonferroni test showed that giving 800 mg/kg of green tea extract was the best dose in reducing KGDP close to normal (p = 0,000).

scholarly journals Determination of the cumulative and skin-resorptive action of the Zoodizin disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
O. L. Nechyporenko ◽  
A. V. Berezovskyy ◽  
T. І. Fotina ◽  
R. V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
White Male ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Single Effect

The rational organization and implementation of effective disinfection activities plays an important role in the complex of measures for the prevention of infections. The development and introduction of new disinfectants into production is an urgent issue of modern poultry farming. When developing a disinfectant, it is important to determine the cumulative effect of the drug. The purpose of the study was to determine the cumulative and skin-resorptive action of the disinfectant “Zoоdizin”. For the toxicological study of the drug used healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age. To study the toxicity of the drug “Zoоdizin” when applied to the skin used the method of immersion of the tails of rats in a test tube with the test substance. The tail was injected 2/3 into a regular tube with a 5 % solution of the drug “Zoоdizin”. The tube was closed with a cork ring whose diameter was slightly larger than the tail diameter. For 15 days, the tubes were placed daily in a water bath at 28–30 °C for 2 hours. Control animals tails were immersed in distilled water. To establish the local action of the drug “Zoodizin” on the mucous membranes of the study drug was introduced into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of the rabbit at a dose of 50 mg, and in the left eye was buried saline in a volume of 0,05 cm3. When studying the cumulative effect of Zoоdizin, no significant changes in the biochemical parameters in the serum of rats were observed. In the study of possible irritant or damaging effect on the skin and the development of contact non-allergic dermatitis found that a single application of disinfectant “Zoоdizin” on the unaffected skin of the back of white rats in the maximum significant recommended concentration of working solutions (2 %) did not cause signs. The single effect of the drug on the intact areas of the skin did not cause skin irritation, but it can be stated that prolonged daily epicutaneous exposure of high concentration (5 %) of the solution of the drug “Zoоdizin”, which is 2.5 times higher than the maximum recommended concentration, caused a general resorption. When assessing the cumulative properties, it was taken into account that the total dose administered to rats was Zodizin 42000 mg/kg body weight and did not result in animal death. It did not allow to calculate the cumulative coefficients for the “lethal effect”. A single effect of the product on the intact areas of the skin did not cause skin irritation, but it can be stated that prolonged daily epicutaneous exposure of a high concentration (5 %) of the Zodizin solution, which is 2.5 times the maximum recommended concentration, caused a general resorption. In the future, it is planned to study the virulidal properties of the biocide “Zoоdizin”.

scholarly journals A Phenolic Compound of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Stem of Syzygium aqueum and its Diuretic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 7040-7051
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
White Male ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Fungus Extract

Guava (Syzygium aqueum), a typical Indonesian crop plant, has diuretic properties. Plants used as diuretic medicines can also be valuable sources for endophytic fungi containing diuretic drugs. The aims of this study were to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from S. aqueum stems, to isolate their secondary metabolites, and to conduct in vivo tests of the diuretic activity of an endophytic fungus extract on white male rats of the Wistar strain. Endophytic fungi were isolated by a direct plating method, and fungal isolates were identified molecularly. A phenolic compound was isolated by chromatography, and the chemical structure was identified spectroscopically. Doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW were administered to white male rats divided into six groups (normal control, negative control, positive control, and the three treatment groups). Diuretic tests included urine volume; sodium, chloride, and calcium electrolyte levels; and pH. Phylogenetic analysis identified the endophytic fungal isolate as Trichoderma ghanense (isolation code SA1). The secondary metabolite isolated from the T. ghanense extract was a phenolic compound. Diuretic tests using the endophytic fungus extract showed the highest urine volume with a dose of 300 mg/kg BW. The diuretic test results showed an increase in urine volume and levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions in the urine. The extract of T. ghanense isolated from the stem of S. aqueum has the potential as initial therapy for hypertension because it contains phenolic secondary metabolites that show diuretic activity.

scholarly journals Morphometric evaluation of features of remodeling of chondrocites of joint surfaces of temporomandibular joint of experimental animals in hyperglycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Hnatiuk ◽  
Lesia Rubas
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
White Male ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intercellular Substance ◽  
Temporal Fossa ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Joint Surfaces

Aim: to study morphometrically the peculiarities of remodeling of chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint in hyperglycemia.Materials and methods: Quantitative morphological methods were used to study diameters of chondrocytes and their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic relationship in these cells, relative volume of damaged chondrocytes, intercellular-chondrocytic relationship in mature chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint of 45 laboratory mature white male rats with simulated diabetes.Results: A comprehensive analysis of the morphometric parameters presented in the article showed that they did not differ in the articular surfaces of the temporal fossa and mandibular head of the intact temporomandibular joint. The expressed structural changes of chondrocytes were revealed at a monthly and a two-month diabetic arthropathy of this joint.Conclusions: Proceeded studies and obtained results suggest that prolonged hyperglycemia leads to diabetic arthropathy of the TMJ, which is characterized by atrophy of chondrocytes, violation of nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships, an increase in the relative volume of damaged chondrocytes and volume of intercellular substance. The detected changes in quantitative morphological parameters depended on the duration of hyperglycemia and dominated in the cartilaginous tissue of the articular surface of the mandibular head.

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