scholarly journals RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION OF COMPACTION OF HOPS INTERMEDIARY BY MOTORS OF TRACTORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Петр Смирнов ◽  
Petr Smirnov ◽  
Николай Пушкаренко ◽  
Nikolay Pushkarenko ◽  
Александр Акимов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Chuvash Republic

Based on experimental studies, a technique was proposed for comparing the areas of compaction by tractor propulsors in field conditions and in the aisle interval, the zones of inefficient and intensive use of the hopper space were determined and the solution of the problem of the optimization of the aisle zones was given. The results of experimental studies of the density of soil composition on hop crops are summarized in caterpillar compaction (LLC “Agrokhmel” of Vournarsky District, Chuvash Republic) and wheeled tractors (KOPKh “Leninskaya iskra” of Yadrinsky District, Chuvash Republic). In the first case, the T-54B tracked tractor was used, and in the second - the MTZ-921 wheeled tractor. The soils under the hops in LLC “Agrokhmel” are predominantly dark gray forest soils with an average humus content of 4.1% at a depth of 0.2 m, in KOPKh “Leninskaya iskra” - gray forest with a humus content of 2.9% (at a depth of 0, 2 m). According to the results of the implementation of soil sections on the hop-growers of the Chuvash Republic, it has been established that at the depth of the arable layer 0 ... 0.3 m there are no completely hop roots between traces of tractor passage. Analyzes of shear vertical deformation under the trail of the tractor’s wheel and its propagation along the depth show that after a threefold passage along the same trail, the displacement of soil layers practically ceases, while at the same time, in modern hone-growing technologies, up to 12 ... 14 passes intercoupling. To improve the conditions for growing hops, a quantitative reduction in the blocked zone of the hop-crop intervals is necessary. The study found that the density of the composition of the soil active hop under the tracks of the tractor T-54B is greater than under the wheel tractor MTZ-921. The resulted analytical decisions have shown that the zone of intensive usage of the hop-crop spacing more than 60% is achieved with the use of tractors T-54B and T-25A with the smallest rim when planting the hop sprocket with a spacing of 3.33 m.

scholarly journals Do Animals Play a Role in the Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)? A Commentary

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Anna Costagliola ◽  
Giovanna Liguori ◽  
Danila d’Angelo ◽  
Caterina Costa ◽  
Francesca Ciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
And Behavior

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the Beta-coronavirus genus. It is 96.2% homologous to bat CoV RaTG13 and 88% homologous to two bat SARS-like coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 is the infectious agent responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in the Hubei province of Wuhan, China, at the beginning of December 2019. Human transmission from COVID-19 patients or incubation carriers occurs via coughing, sneezing, speaking, discharge from the nose, or fecal contamination. Various strains of the virus have been reported around the world, with different virulence and behavior. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 shares certain epitopes with some taxonomically related viruses, with tropism for the most common synanthropic animals. By elucidating the immunological properties of the circulating SARS-CoV-2, a partial protection due to human–animal interactions could be supposed in some situations. In addition, differential epitopes could be used for the differential diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. There have been cases of transmission from people with COVID-19 to pets such as cats and dogs. In addition, wild felines were infected. All These animals were either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and recovered spontaneously. Experimental studies showed cats and ferrets to be more susceptible to COVID-19. COVID-19 positive dogs and felines do not transmit the infection to humans. In contrast, minks at farms were severely infected from people with COVID-19. A SARS-Cov-2 variant in the Danish farmed mink that had been previously infected by COVID-19 positive workers, spread to mink workers causing the first case of animal-to-human infection transmission that causes a moderate decreased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. Thus, more investigations are necessary. It remains important to understand the risk that people with COVID-19 pose to their pets, as well as wild or farm animals so effective recommendations and risk management measures against COVID-19 can be made. A One Health unit that facilitates collaboration between public health and veterinary services is recommended.

VITAMIN A POISONING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-385
Author(s):  
DONALD GRIBETZ ◽  
SAMUEL H. SILVERMAN ◽  
ALBERT E. SOBEL
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Toxic Factor ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alcohol Fraction ◽  
Clinical Literature

Two cases of hypervitaminosis A have been presented together with a review of experimental and clinical literature. The first case presented the highest reported fasting plasma vitamin A level, the increase being chiefly due to a high vitamin A alcohol fraction. This elevated level of alcoholic vitamin A probably denotes large stores of vitamin A in the liver and data have been given to show that it is a better index of hypervitaminosis A than is the total vitamin A level. In addition, evidence has been presented that the toxic factor in hypervitaminosis A is the permanent elevated plasma vitamin A level. The similarity between the experimental studies in animals and the observations in the authors' first case has been shown. The important points necessary for making a diagnosis of hypervitaminosis A have been discussed and several similar conditions have been differentiated. It cannot be emphasized too strongly that excess vitamin intake may be as dangerous as a deficient intake.

Expanding Polymer Injectivity Tests on a Second Giant Carbonate UAE Oil Reservoir at High Salinity & High Temperature Conditions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Baloch ◽  
J.M. Leon ◽  
S.K. Masalmeh ◽  
D. Chappell ◽  
J. Brodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Solution Preparation

Abstract Over the last few years, ADNOC has systematically investigated a new polymer-based EOR scheme to improve sweep efficiency in high temperature and high salinity (HTHS) carbonate reservoirs in Abu Dhabi (Masalmeh et al., 2014). Consequently, ADNOC has developed a thorough de-risking program for the new EOR concept in these carbonate reservoirs. The de-risking program includes extensive laboratory experimental studies and field injectivity tests to ensure that the selected polymer can be propagated in the target reservoirs. A new polymer with high 2-acrylamido-tertiary-butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) content was identified, based on extensive laboratory studies (Masalmeh, et al., 2019, Dupuis, et al., 2017, Jouenne 2020), and an initial polymer injectivity test (PIT) was conducted in 2019 at 250°F and salinity >200,000 ppm, with low H2S content (Rachapudi, et al., 2020, Leon and Masalmeh, 2021). The next step for ADNOC was to extend polymer application to harsher field conditions, including higher H2S content. Accordingly, a PIT was designed in preparation for a multi-well pilot This paper presents ADNOC's follow-up PIT, which expands the envelope of polymer flooding to dissolve H2S concentrations of 20 - 40 ppm to confirm injectivity at representative field conditions and in situ polymer performance. The PIT was executed over five months, from February 2021 to July 2021, followed by a chase water flood that will run until December 2021. A total of 108,392 barrels of polymer solution were successfully injected during the PIT. The extensive dataset acquired was used to assess injectivity and in-depth mobility reduction associated with the new polymer. Preliminary results from the PIT suggest that all key performance indicators have been achieved, with a predictable viscosity yield and good injectivity at target rates, consistent with the laboratory data. The use of a down-hole shut-in tool (DHSIT) to acquire pressure fall-off (PFO) data clarified the near-wellbore behaviour of the polymer and allowed optimisation of the PIT programme. This paper assesses the importance of water quality on polymer solution preparation and injection performance and reviews operational data acquired during the testing period. Polymer properties determined during the PIT will be used to optimise field and sector models and will facilitate the evaluation of polymer EOR in other giant, heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, leading to improved recovery in ADNOC and Middle East reservoirs.

scholarly journals Profiles of C- and N-trace gas production in N-saturated forest soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
U. Berger ◽  
N. Brüggemann ◽  
J. Duyzer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
First Time

Abstract. This study provides for the first time data on the stratification of NO and N2O production with soil depth under aerobic and anaerobic incubation conditions for different temperate forest sites in Germany (spruce, beech, clear-cut) and the Netherlands (Douglas fir). Results show that the NO and N2O production activity is highest in the forest floor and decreases exponentially with increasing soil depth. Under anaerobic incubation conditions NO and N2O production was in all soil layers up to 2-3 orders of magnitude higher then under aerobic incubation conditions. Furthermore, significant differences between sites could be demonstrated with respect to the magnitude or predominance of NO and N2O production. These were driven by stand properties (beech or spruce) or management (clear-cut versus control). With regard to CH4 the most striking result was the lack of CH4 uptake activity in soil samples taken from the Dutch Douglas fir site at Speulderbos, which is most likely a consequence of chronically high rates of atmospheric N deposition. In addition, we could also demonstrate that CH4 fluxes at the soil surface are obviously the result of simultaneously occurring uptake and production processes, since even under aerobic conditions a net production of CH4 in forest floor samples was found. The provided dataset will be very useful for the development and testing of process oriented models, since for the first time activity data stratified for several soil layers for N2O, NO, and CH4 production/oxidation activity for forest soils are provided.

The quality of pork when included in the diet of the drug Permaite

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
N. I. Kulmakova ◽  
L. B. Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
On Farm

It is well known that the growth rate of an animal depends on the level of feeding. However, the diets used in farms do not always meet the body’s needs for biologically active substances. In recent years numerous studies have been conducted to study the eff ect of natural and synthetic complex biologically active drugs on the productivity, metabolism of pigs and the quality of the products obtained. The imbalance or lack of certain nutrients in the diet reduces the productivity of animals, reduces the conversion of feed. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of the drug Permaite included in the diet of pigs on some indicators of the quality and safety of pork. Permaite is a standardized zeolite-containing trepel of the Chuvash Republic. Its chemical composition is (%): silicon oxide – 64,39, iron oxide – 3,25. aluminum oxide – 8,42, titanium oxide – 0,45, calcium oxide – 7,74, calcium carbonate – 14,7, magnesium oxide – 1,71, potassium oxide – 1,81, sodium oxide – 0,03, phosphorus pentoxide – 0,20 and other impurities – 11,9. Experimental studies have been conducted on 2 groups of pigs on rearing and subsequent fattening. Pigs of the experimental group have been received the main diet with the inclusion of the drug Permaite at a dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet in the form of a fraction of 0,1–0,3 mm. The drug has been prescribed once a day in a mixture with compound feed for 60 days. The control group of pigs during this period was on farm diet without the inclusion of the drug. Upon reaching the live weight of 100–110 kg the pigs have been sent for slaughter. The results of the research allow us to conclude that the inclusion of the drug Permaite in the dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet provides the increase in the nutritional, biological, energy value, technological properties and safety of pork.

Study of the Consequences of Secondary Water Radiolysis within and Surrounding a Defective Canister

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Liu ◽  
Bo Strömberg ◽  
Ivars Neretnieks
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Water Radiolysis ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
First Case ◽  
Bentonite Buffer

ABSTRACTA model has been developed to study the effects of secondary water radiolysis caused by dispersed radionuclides in a bentonite buffer surrounding a copper canister. The secondary radiolysis is the radiolysis caused by radionuclides that have been released from the spent fuel and are present either as solutes in the pore-water, as sorbed species on the surface of other minerals, or as secondary minerals. The canister is assumed to be initially defective with a hole of a few millimeters on its wall. The small hole will considerably restrict the transport of oxidants through the canister wall and the release of radionuclides to the outside of the canister. The dissolution of the spent fuel is assumed to be controlled by chemical kinetics at rates extrapolated from experimental studies. Two cases have been considered with the purpose to illustrate the behaviors of both conservative and non-conservative nuclides. The nuclides that are most relevant are those expected to be the dominant α-emitters in the long-term (e.g. 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Am). In the first case it is assumed that there is no precipitation of secondary minerals of the relevant radionuclides inside the canister. In the second case it is assumed that the radionuclide concentration within the canister is controlled by its respective solubility limit. The radionuclide released to the surrounding buffer is then predicted using a mass balance model. The modelling results show that in both cases, the spent fuel will not be oxidized at a rate significantly faster compared to the case where secondary radiolysis is completely neglected. In the first case, however, a large domain of the near-field can be oxidized due to a much faster depletion of reducing minerals in the buffer, compared to the case where secondary radiolysis is neglected. In the second case, the effects of the secondary water radiolysis will be quite limited.

scholarly journals ПОЧВООБРАЗУЮЩЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ВЫНОСЯЩЕЙ (ПЕРЕОТЛОЖНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КРОТА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО (TALPA EUROPAEA, L) В ТАЕЖНОМ БИОГЕОЦЕНОЗЕ

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Пилипко ◽  
Н.Н. Харченко ◽  
В.С. Вернодубенко
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Talpa Europaea ◽  
European Mole ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Soil Grain Size

The soil discharges made by moles (molehills) consist of mixed superficial soil layers where the main physicochemical parameters of soil show beneficial changes, including reduced density, moisture and acidity and increased humus content, especially during the first three months after molehill formation. In the present study, the biocenoses most preferred by the European mole (Talpa europaea, L) in Vologda Region have been determined. Most avidly inhabited by moles were moistened areas at forest edges and mixed young growths on glades. A limiting factor of the excavating activity of moles is soil grain-size composition. Moles prefer light and middle- density loams where its activity is high than in areas with light sandy loams and heavy loams. Data on the areas modified by moles in different sylvan biocenoses have been obtained. A positive effect of mole activities is facilitating the beneficial conditions for the restoration of plant communities destroyed by deforestation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THERMAL RADIATION ON FOREST SOILS

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
V. P. Voron ◽  
V. H. Borysenko ◽  
I. O. Barabash ◽  
V. K. Muntian ◽  
O. M. Tkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Forest fires are a powerful environmental factor that breaks the balance between the individual components of forest ecosystems. Thermal radiation is one type of the heat distribution during surface fires in forests. The objects of the study were forest soils, the monoliths of which were radiated with heat in specially created laboratory equipment. The facility allows detecting heat flux distribution in soils under laboratory conditions. The peculiarities of the processes for the typical soils for pine and oak stands were revealed. The highest temperature was observed on the surface of the soil. As the depth increased the temperature dropped. The most noticeable decrease was observed in a surface layer from 0 to 4 cm. The difference between the temperatures on the surface and at a depth of 10 cm could be 240–300°С for sandy soils and 260–400°С for gray forest soils. The temperature of deep soil layers increased even after stopping the heat radiation. The heating of dry sandy soils deep in to the profile occurs more strongly than in the moist sample. The sandy soil was found to warm deeper and more intensively as compared to loamy soils.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and Soil Forming Characteristics of Alluvial-Meadow Soils of Ganykh-Ayrichay Valley, Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Vilayat Gasanov ◽  
Bahadur Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

This study is devoted to the influence of ecological conditions on soil forming and improving the nomenclature of alluvial-meadow-forest soils in the flood plains of the subtropical forest-shrubby zone within Azerbaijan. On the basis of detailed soil mapping, the primary areal of soil units and the structure of soil cover were determined in the area of the Ganykh-Ayrichay valley. The spatial distribution of primary soil units, genetic features and diagnostic indexes (extend of bedding and development of the soil profile, thickness of the decomposedaccumulative layer, content of humus, total nitrogen, base saturation, particle size distribution, etc.) of stratified and typical suborders of alluvial-meadow-forest soils are identified. The turbidity and content of the weighted deposits of stream water is determined using regime-measurements. The weighted deposits contain a considerable amount of humus (1.2–1.8%) and its water soluble part, total nitrogen (0.09–0.13%) which significantly affects the morphogenetic diagnostics of the above described soils. The status of the humus content is characterized by a high activity, in which humic acid (15.3–20.8%) and fulvic acid (16.2–22.5%) dominate significantly, while the third fraction riches to 1.23–2.30% in the selective-group content. The ratio of Ch.a.:Cf.a. reaches to 0.88–0.93 in the leached soil profile (5.8–6.0), while reaching to 1.19–1.32 in carbonated soils (7.3–7.5). The total chemical composition of soils shows that the profile of leached soil is characterized by increasing the SiO2 (60.2–64.0%) content and sesquioxides (Al2O3=17.6–19.5%, Fe2O3=8.5–10.3%) and the carbonated suborders contain more CaO (7.1–9.2%). The active form of iron (Fe3+=182–496; Fe2+=56–123 mg 100 g soil) hints the insufficiency content in carbonated soils.

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