scholarly journals The Carbapenems Issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
David Sotello ◽  
Wadih Chakkour ◽  
Kristen Fuhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

The development of antibiotics remains one of the great advances in medicine. Antibiotics have saved countless lives. Unfortunately, the widespread use of antimicrobials has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic resistance is an important concern for public health; it is associated with poor outcomes. Carbapenems, members of the β-lactam class of antibiotics, have the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Carbapenem resistance is one of the toughest challenges in infectious diseases; it is associated with high mortality and is seen more often now due to the proliferation of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Multiple genes that cause carbapenem resistance have been identified. Resistance transmission is usually nosocomial, but community-acquired infections with resistance have been reported. Early recognition of high risk patients for multi-drug resistant infections is fundamental for adequate management. The rational use of antibiotics is required to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance; this requires multidisciplinary efforts among clinicians, Infection Control departments, and Antimicrobial Stewardship programs.

scholarly journals Selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Agri-food production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyue Cheng ◽  
Jianan Ning ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Junhong Huang ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract Public unrest about the use of antimicrobial agents in farming practice is the leading cause of increasing and the emergences of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria that have placed pressure on the agri-food industry to act. The usage of antimicrobials in food and agriculture have direct or indirect effects on the development of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by bacteria associated with animals and plants which may enter the food chain through consumption of meat, fish, vegetables or some other food sources. In addition to antimicrobials, recent reports have shown that AMR is associated with tolerance to heavy metals existing naturally or used in agri-food production. Besides, biocides including disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives which are widely used in farms and slaughter houses may also contribute in the development of AMR. Though the direct transmission of AMR from food-animals and related environment to human is still vague and debatable, the risk should not be neglected. Therefore, combined global efforts are necessary for the proper use of antimicrobials, heavy metals and biocides in agri-food production to control the development of AMR. These collective measures will preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials for future generations.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Dialysis–Related Peritonitis from Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with OXA-48 Type Gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davin Ryanputra ◽  
Dingding Wang ◽  
Martin B. Lee ◽  
Boon Wee Teo ◽  
Pei Loo Tok
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Type Gene

We report a rare case of carbapenemase-producing enterobacte-riaceae peritonitis in a patient undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The PD catheter had to be removed as the patient remained unwell despite antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance in PD peritonitis is a concern in this era of multi-drug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals The Strategies of Pathogen-Oriented Therapy on Circumventing Antimicrobial Resistance

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Zifang Shang ◽  
Siew Yin Chan ◽  
Qing Song ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

The emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious threats to the global public health. Conventional antibiotics have been eclipsed in combating with drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the developing and deploying of novel antimicrobial drugs have trudged, as few new antibiotics are being developed over time and even fewer of them can hit the market. Alternative therapeutic strategies to resolve the AMR crisis are urgently required. Pathogen-oriented therapy (POT) springs up as a promising approach in circumventing antibiotic resistance. The tactic underling POT is applying antibacterial compounds or materials directly to infected regions to treat specific bacteria species or strains with goals of improving the drug efficacy and reducing nontargeting and the development of drug resistance. This review exemplifies recent trends in the development of POTs for circumventing AMR, including the adoption of antibiotic-antibiotic conjugates, antimicrobial peptides, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, nanotechnologies, CRISPR-Cas systems, and microbiota modulations. Employing these alternative approaches alone or in combination shows promising advantages for addressing the growing clinical embarrassment of antibiotics in fighting drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals The dual nature of bacteriophage: growth-dependent predation and generalised transduction of antimicrobial resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin J Leclerc ◽  
Jacob Wildfire ◽  
Arya Gupta ◽  
Jodi A Lindsay ◽  
Gwenan M Knight
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fundamental Shift

Bacteriophage ("phage") are both predators and evolutionary drivers for bacteria, notably contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes by generalised transduction. Our current understanding of the dual nature of this relationship is limited. We used an interdisciplinary approach to quantify how these interacting dynamics can lead to the evolution of multi-drug resistant bacteria. We co-cultured two strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, each harbouring a different antibiotic resistance gene, with 80α generalized transducing phage. After a growth phase of 8h, bacteria and phage surprisingly coexisted at a stable equilibrium in our culture, the level of which was dependent on the starting concentration of phage. We detected double-resistant bacteria as early as 7h, indicating that transduction of AMR genes had occurred. We developed multiple mathematical models of the bacteria and phage relationship, and found that phage-bacteria dynamics were best captured by a model in which the phage burst size decreases as the bacteria population reaches stationary phase, and where phage predation is frequency-dependent. We estimated that one in every 108 new phage generated was a transducing phage carrying an AMR gene, and that double-resistant bacteria were always predominantly generated by transduction rather than by growth. Our results suggest a fundamental shift in how we understand and model phage-bacteria dynamics. Although rates of generalised transduction may seem insignificant, they are sufficient to consistently lead to the evolution of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Currently, the potential of phage to contribute to the growing burden of AMR is likely underestimated.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance at the human–animal interface in the Pastoralist Communities of Kasese District, South Western Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Henry Kajumbula ◽  
Joel Bazira ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B. Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Shops

Abstract Intensive usage of antimicrobials in the management of animal diseases leads to selection for resistance among microorganisms. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial use and to describe factors associated with the transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals in pastoralist communities of Kasese district. A mixed-methods approach was employed in this study. Rectal swabs were collected from the participants and cattle and transported in Carry–Blaire transport medium to the laboratory within 24 h of collection for culture and sensitivity to confirm carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria. In-depth interviews were conducted among veterinary officers, veterinary drug vendors, human health facility in-charges in both public and private health facilities, and operators of human pharmacies and drug shops. Carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria among humans was 88 (93%) and 76(80%) among cattle. Consumption of lakeshore water and carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in cattle were associated with carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the human population. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance among organisms Isolated from both humans and animals was high. There is a high likelihood of transmission of multi-drug resistance between humans and animals.

Antimicrobial resistance: the 70-year arms race between humans and bacteria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Bañuls ◽  
Thi Van Ahn Nguyen ◽  
Quang Huy Nguyen ◽  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Huy Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
The World

Antimicrobial resistance started to become a human health issue in the 1940s, following the discovery of the first antibiotics. The golden age of antibiotics (the 1950s through 1970s) marked the beginning of the arms race between humans and bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance is now among the greatest threats to human health; occurring in every region of the world and with the potential to affect anyone, anywhere. We describe the main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, as well as how the bacteria evolve into “superbugs.” We detail the role of human activities on the emergence and spread of highly drug-resistant bacteria. Currently, data to identify the specific causes, and to establish the baseline in low-income countries, are lacking. Because of the continual increase of multidrug resistance, the situation is urgent. The chapter ends with a view to the future, with a discussion of the specific problems of low-income countries and initiatives taken.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance: Are we heading towards Post Antibiotic Era?

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Bashir A Fomda
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Alexander Fleming

The discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming , a magic antibiotic used for treatment of most of the bacterial infection marked the beginning of antibiotic era. With booming drug development a new drug was always available to treat increasing drug resistant bacteria. Between 1935 to 2003 fourteen classes of antibiotics were developed. However with the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antibiotics, microbes developed mechanisms to elude the action of antimicrobial agents. JMS 2014;17(2):48-49

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