scholarly journals Peritoneal Dialysis–Related Peritonitis from Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with OXA-48 Type Gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davin Ryanputra ◽  
Dingding Wang ◽  
Martin B. Lee ◽  
Boon Wee Teo ◽  
Pei Loo Tok
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Type Gene

We report a rare case of carbapenemase-producing enterobacte-riaceae peritonitis in a patient undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The PD catheter had to be removed as the patient remained unwell despite antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance in PD peritonitis is a concern in this era of multi-drug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Agri-food production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyue Cheng ◽  
Jianan Ning ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Junhong Huang ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract Public unrest about the use of antimicrobial agents in farming practice is the leading cause of increasing and the emergences of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria that have placed pressure on the agri-food industry to act. The usage of antimicrobials in food and agriculture have direct or indirect effects on the development of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by bacteria associated with animals and plants which may enter the food chain through consumption of meat, fish, vegetables or some other food sources. In addition to antimicrobials, recent reports have shown that AMR is associated with tolerance to heavy metals existing naturally or used in agri-food production. Besides, biocides including disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives which are widely used in farms and slaughter houses may also contribute in the development of AMR. Though the direct transmission of AMR from food-animals and related environment to human is still vague and debatable, the risk should not be neglected. Therefore, combined global efforts are necessary for the proper use of antimicrobials, heavy metals and biocides in agri-food production to control the development of AMR. These collective measures will preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials for future generations.

scholarly journals Isolation of Four Lytic Phages Infecting Klebsiella pneumoniae K22 Clinical Isolates from Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Domingo-Calap ◽  
Beatriz Beamud ◽  
Justine Vienne ◽  
Fernando González-Candelas ◽  
Rafael Sanjuán
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria represents a major public-health threat. Phages constitute a promising alternative to chemical antibiotics due to their high host specificity, abundance in nature, and evolvability. However, phage host specificity means that highly diverse bacterial species are particularly difficult to target for phage therapy. This is the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which presents a hypervariable extracellular matrix capsule exhibiting dozens of variants. Here, we report four novel phages infecting K. pneumoniae capsular type K22 which were isolated from environmental samples in Valencia, Spain. Full genome sequencing showed that these phages belong to the Podoviridae family and encode putative depolymerases that allow digestion of specific K22 K. pneumoniae capsules. Our results confirm the capsular type-specificity of K. pneumoniae phages, as indicated by their narrow infectivity in a panel of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Nonetheless, this work represents a step forward in the characterization of phage diversity, which may culminate in the future use of large panels of phages for typing and/or for combating multi-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals The Carbapenems Issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
David Sotello ◽  
Wadih Chakkour ◽  
Kristen Fuhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

The development of antibiotics remains one of the great advances in medicine. Antibiotics have saved countless lives. Unfortunately, the widespread use of antimicrobials has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic resistance is an important concern for public health; it is associated with poor outcomes. Carbapenems, members of the β-lactam class of antibiotics, have the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Carbapenem resistance is one of the toughest challenges in infectious diseases; it is associated with high mortality and is seen more often now due to the proliferation of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Multiple genes that cause carbapenem resistance have been identified. Resistance transmission is usually nosocomial, but community-acquired infections with resistance have been reported. Early recognition of high risk patients for multi-drug resistant infections is fundamental for adequate management. The rational use of antibiotics is required to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance; this requires multidisciplinary efforts among clinicians, Infection Control departments, and Antimicrobial Stewardship programs.

scholarly journals Detection of Drug Susceptible and Resistant Viridans Streptococci spp., Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and E.coli in Complete Denture Patients and Visualisation using Scanning Electron Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoney Andonissamy ◽  
Suma Karthigeyan ◽  
Seyed Asharaf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Tests

Introduction: The bacteria colonising the oral cavity and the dentures acquire drug resistance due to frequent usage of antibiotics systemically and application of mouth rinses and denture disinfectants locally. These multidrug resistant bacteria pose potential threat to the health of the patient as infections caused by them do not respond to conventional antibiotics. Aim: The present study aims at detecting the drug resistant bacteria in patients who wear complete dentures. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive study and follows laboratory invitro study design involving 30 complete denture patients. Swabs were collected from their oral cavity as well as complete denture surfaces. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed for the following bacteriae namely Viridans streptococci species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli. Isolation of the bacteria were done by means of selective media and subjected to biochemical tests. The 16S rRNA sequencing was done to ascertain the microorganisms by which 20 isolates of each of the selective bacteria were obtained. The bacteria were classified as sensitive, intermediate sensitive and resistant based on antibiotic sensitivity tests. Those isolates which exhibited Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) were visualised using SEM. Results:Viridans streptococci spp. (40%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25%) isolates were resistant to Amoxiclavulinic acid and Methicilin, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%) and (30%) E.coli isolates were most resistant to Cefotaxime and Doxicilin. Conclusion: Drug resistant bacteria have been identified from complete dentures and oral cavity in the present study. Antibiotic sensitivity tests, 16S rRNA sequencing and SEM are vital investigative tools to detect and to visualise drug resistant bacteria. Cell density, Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and capsule could be important factors for providing drug resistance.

scholarly journals Genome reconstruction and characterisation of extensively drug-resistant bacterial pathogens through direct metagenomic sequencing of human faeces

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Mu ◽  
Jason C. Kwong ◽  
Nicole S. Isles ◽  
Anders Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Mark B. Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
High Level

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing of microbial pathogens is revolutionising modern approaches to outbreaks of infectious diseases and is reliant upon organism culture. Culture-independent methods have shown promise in identifying pathogens, but high level reconstruction of microbial genomes from microbiologically complex samples for more in-depth analyses remains a challenge. Here, using metagenomic sequencing of a human faecal sample and analysis by tetranucleotide frequency profiling projected onto emergent self-organising maps, we were able to reconstruct the underlying populations of two extensively-drug resistant pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. From these genomes, we were able to ascertain molecular typing results, such as MLST, and identify highly discriminatory mutations in the metagenome to distinguish closely related strains. These proof-of-principle results demonstrate the utility of clinical sample metagenomics to recover sequences of important drug-resistant bacteria and application of the approach in outbreak investigations, independent of the need to culture the organisms.

scholarly journals The Strategies of Pathogen-Oriented Therapy on Circumventing Antimicrobial Resistance

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Zifang Shang ◽  
Siew Yin Chan ◽  
Qing Song ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

The emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious threats to the global public health. Conventional antibiotics have been eclipsed in combating with drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the developing and deploying of novel antimicrobial drugs have trudged, as few new antibiotics are being developed over time and even fewer of them can hit the market. Alternative therapeutic strategies to resolve the AMR crisis are urgently required. Pathogen-oriented therapy (POT) springs up as a promising approach in circumventing antibiotic resistance. The tactic underling POT is applying antibacterial compounds or materials directly to infected regions to treat specific bacteria species or strains with goals of improving the drug efficacy and reducing nontargeting and the development of drug resistance. This review exemplifies recent trends in the development of POTs for circumventing AMR, including the adoption of antibiotic-antibiotic conjugates, antimicrobial peptides, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, nanotechnologies, CRISPR-Cas systems, and microbiota modulations. Employing these alternative approaches alone or in combination shows promising advantages for addressing the growing clinical embarrassment of antibiotics in fighting drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Synergistic antibacterial effects of colistin in combination with aminoglycoside, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, fosfomycin, and piperacillin on multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244673
Author(s):  
Julalak C. Ontong ◽  
Nwabor F. Ozioma ◽  
Supayang P. Voravuthikunchai ◽  
Sarunyou Chusri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Global Health Problem

Multidrug resistant Enterobacterales have become a serious global health problem, with extended hospital stay and increased mortality. Antibiotic monotherapy has been reported ineffective against most drug resistant bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae, thus encouraging the use of multidrug therapies as an alternative antibacterial strategy. The present works assessed the antibacterial activity of colistin against K. pneumoniae isolates. Resistant isolates were tested against 16 conventional antibiotics alone and in combination with colistin. The results revealed that all colistin resistant isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance against the tested antibiotics except amikacin. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, combinations of colistin with amikacin, or fosfomycin showed synergism against 72.72% (8 of 11 isolates). Colistin with either of gentamicin, meropenem, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxifloxacin, minocycline, or piperacillin exhibited synergism against 81.82% (9 of 11 isolates). Combinations of colistin with either of tobramycin or ciprofloxacin showed synergism against 45.45% (5 in 11 isolates), while combinations of colistin with imipenem or ceftolozane and tazobactam displayed 36.36% (4 of 11 isolates) and 63.64% (7 of 11 isolates) synergism. In addition, combinations of colistin with levofloxacin was synergistic against 90.91% (10 of 11 isolates). The results revealed that combinations of colistin with other antibiotics could effectively inhibit colistin resistant isolates of K. pneumoniae, and thus could be further explore for the treatment of multidrug resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Study of New Quinolineaminoethanols as Anti-Bacterial Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Laumaillé ◽  
Dassonville-Klimpt ◽  
Peltier ◽  
Mullié ◽  
Andréjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

The lack of antibiotics with a novel mode of action associated with the spread of drug resistant bacteria make the fight against infectious diseases particularly challenging. A quinoline core is found in several anti-infectious drugs, such as mefloquine and bedaquiline. Two main objectives were set in this work. Firstly, we evaluated the anti-mycobacterial properties of the previous quinolines 3, which have been identified as good candidates against ESKAPEE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli) bacteria. Secondly, a new series 4 was designed and assessed against the same bacteria strains, taking the pair of enantiomers 3m/3n as the lead. More than twenty compounds 4 were prepared through a five-step asymmetric synthesis with good enantiomeric excesses (>90%). Interestingly, all compounds of series 3 were efficient on M. avium with MIC = 2–16 µg/mL, while series 4 was less active. Both series 3 and 4 were generally more active than mefloquine against the ESKAPEE bacteria. The quinolines 4 were either active against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC ≤ 4 µg/mL for 4c–4h and 4k/4l) or E. coli (MIC = 32–64 µg/mL for 4q–4v) according to the global lipophilicity of these compounds.

scholarly journals Characterization of CTX-M-15-Klebsiella pneumoniae from inpatients and outpatients of a teaching hospital

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Muzaheed Muzaheed ◽  
Naveed Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Saeed Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Sadananda Acharya ◽  
Shajiya Sarwar Moosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background  The presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive bacteria in hospital setting is an aggravating influential factor for hospitalized patients, and its consequences may be hazardous. Therefore, there is a need for rapid detection methods for newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed at the molecular characterization of ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from clinical samples.   Methods  A total of 513 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical samples during June 2019 to May 2020. The collected isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility (antibiogram), and PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to analyse the ESBL genes.   Results  Among the 513 isolates, as many as 359 (69.9%) were ESBL producers and 87.5% were multi-drug resistant, while none had resistance to imipenem. PCR scored 3% blaTEM, 3% blaSHV, and 60% blaCTX-M-15 genes for the tested isolates.   Conclusion  The study showed that CTX-M-15 was the major prevalent ESBL type among the isolates. Additionally, all the isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Screening and detection of ESBL tests are necessary among all isolates from the enterobacteriaceae family in routine microbiology laboratory to prevent associated nosocomial infections. A larger study is essential to understand molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing organisms to minimize morbidities due to these multidrug resistant organisms.

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