scholarly journals Single and binary effects of atrazine, copper and chromium on duckweed

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vu Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Trang Nguyen ◽  
Thi My Chi Vo ◽  
Thanh Son Dao

Recently, the agricultural, industrial and mining activities have led to increase in contaminant emission. Trace metals or herbicides are among the pollutants to be concerned in the world. In this study we evaluated the effects of the herbicide atrazine (at the concentrations of 5, 50 and500 µg L-1) and its combination with copper (Cu, 50 µg L-1) and chromium (Cr, 50 µg L-1) on duckweed over the period of 10 days in the laboratory conditions. We found that 50 and 500 µg atrazine L-1 severely impacted on the growth or even caused the death of the plants, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the duckweed growth rate between the 5 µg atrazine L-1 exposure and control. In the combined treatments (50 µg atrazine L-1 with Cu; with Cr or with both Cu and Cr), the plant growth rate of atrazine with either Cu or Cr was strongly reduced. However, the mixture of atrazine with Cu and Cr did not significantly decrease the development and growth rate of duckweed. Besides, atrazine and investigated heavy metals resulted in turning whiteof duckweek leaves that evidence ofthe chlorophyll degradation. Our results showed the negative influences of the herbicide atrazine and metals on development and morphology of duckweed. Gần đây, những hoạt động nông nghiệp, công nghiệp và khai khoáng đã và đang dẫn đến sự gia tăng phát thải các chất gây ô nhiễm. Kim loại nặng hoặc thuốc diệt cỏ là những chất gây ô nhiễm đang được quan tâm trên thế giới. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đánh giá ảnh hưởng của thuốc diệt cỏ atrazine (nồng độ 5, 50 và 500 µg/L) và sự kết hợp của chất này với đồng (Cu, 50 µg/L) và crom (Cr, 50 µg/L) lên bèo tấm trong thời gian 10 ngày trongđiều kiện phòng thí nghiệm. Chúng tôi nhận thấy atrazine tại nồng độ 50 và 500 µg/L đã gây nên những ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng lên sự phát triển hay thậm chí làm cho bèo tấm bị chết, trong khi đó, không ghi nhận được bất kì sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê về tốc độ tăng trưởng của bèo tấm giữa lô thí nghiệm phơi nhiễm 5 µg atrazine / L và lô đối chứng. Trong những lô phơi nhiễm kết hợp (50 µg atrazine / L với Cu, với Cr hoặc với đồng thời Cu và Cr), tốc độ tăng trưởng của bèo tấm khi phơi nhiễm với atrazine và Cu hoặc Cr bị giảm mạnh, tuy nhiên, việc phơi nhiễm đồng thời atrazine với Cu và Cr đã không làm giảm đáng kể sự phát triển và tốc độ tăng trưởng của bèo tấm. Bên cạnh đó, atrazine và kim loại nặng đã làm cho màu của lá bèo tấm chuyển sang màu trắng, điều này chứng tỏ có sự suy giảm chlorophyll. Kết quả nghiên cứu này đã cho thấy những ảnh hưởng tiêu cựccủa thuốc diệt cỏ atrazine và kim loại lên sự phát triển và hình thái của bèo tấm.

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e57734
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique de Moura-Falcão ◽  
Ariadne do Nascimento Moura ◽  
Cihelio Alves Amorim

Cyanobacterial blooms can cause severe ecological and health problems in drinking water reservoirs. To alleviate this problem, allelopathically active submerged macrophytes can be used to reduce cyanobacterial growth. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of strains of the Microcystis aeruginosa complex isolated from reservoirs with the presence and absence of submerged macrophytes to the allelochemicals of Ceratophyllum demersum. A coexistence experiment was carried out between the submerged macrophyte C. demersum and four Microcystis strains, with two treatments for each strain, one in coexistence with the submerged macrophyte (7 g L-1) and control (in the absence of the macrophyte). Two strains of M. aeruginosa (BMIUFRPE-06 and BMIUFRPE-07) and two of M. panniformis (BMIUFRPE-08 and BMIUFRPE-09) were used, which were isolated from Cajueiro (with submerged macrophytes) and Tapacurá (without submerged macrophytes) reservoirs, respectively. The biomass of Microcystis strains from the reservoir without macrophytes (BMIUFRPE-08 and BMIUFRPE-09) was significantly inhibited in 96% (T-test: p < 0.01) and 74% (T-test: p< 0.05), when compared to the control, respectively, with lower values of growth rates (ANOVA: p < 0.05). The strains isolated from the reservoir with macrophytes (BMIUFRPE-06 and BMIUFRPE-07) showed a growth delay (biomass reductions of 44 and 58%, respectively) in the coexistence treatment but without significant difference from the control on the sixth day of the experiment (biomass - T-test: p > 0.05; growth rate - ANOVA: p > 0.05). These results suggest that strains isolated from environments with submerged macrophytes are less sensitive to allelochemicals of these plants, as these strains may be adapted to the coexistence with submerged macrophytes.


Author(s):  
Khushboo Chaudhary ◽  
Suphiya Khan ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Saraswat

The heavy metal pollution problem is all over the world. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has transformed heavy metals present in the soil, which removes and minimizes their toxic effects. This chapter highlights the role of plant-growth-promoting bacteria, chelating agents, and nanoparticles for remediation of heavy metals; their mechanism of action; and their applications approach of hyperaccumulation. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which microorganisms, chelating agents, and nanoparticles can mobilize or immobilize metals in soils and the nano-phytoremediation strategies are addressed for the improvement of phytoextraction as an innovative process for enhancement of heavy metals removal from soil.


2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
L Batmunkh ◽  
S Ariunaa ◽  
B Batdelger

Milk thistle, Silybummarianum (L.)Gaertn.,is grown throughout the world for its hepatoprotectant flavonolignans, known collectively as silymarin. Silymarin is found primarily in the seeds. Milk thistle was grown outdoor field for determination of plant growth, seed yield under various variants of row spacing (30x20, 40x20 and 50x20) and different sowing dates (May 20, May 30 and June 10). Plant height measured (ranging from 43.5-82.6cm)and yield (ranging from 5.24-70.31cg/ha) that there was a significant difference among different sowing dates and row spacing.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 73-75


1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Gates ◽  
KP Haydock ◽  
MF Robins

Adaptability to salinity stress was related to the productivity of Glycine wightii (G. javanica) cultivars by the technique of comparing the multivariate characteristics of response for 22 accessions that are representative of the world centres of origin. Roots and tops responses were compared to clarify the metabolic relations between glycines, as salinity was increased from that required for normal growth and metabolism to levels almost causing death due to excess sodium chloride in the substrate. There was a range and pattern of response that suggested grouping among the glycines. One group in particular was more resistant to salinity stress than others. These glycines exemplified to a greater degree than others the tendency of all to exclude sodium and to a lesser extent chloride from the plant tops. These were also the more vigorously growing glycines with a higher potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen content in both control and saline treatments. In them, vigour of growth and control of ion content were associated, and both these factors were important determinants of tolerance to salinity stress. Sodium appeared to be more toxic than chloride to plant growth. These aspects of growth and metabolism are discussed in relation to differences in ploidy between the groups of glycines. The technique used shed further light on the important agricultural problem of combining adaptability and high productivity.


The heavy metal pollution problem is all over the world. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has transformed heavy metals present in the soil, which removes and minimizes their toxic effects. This chapter highlights the role of plant-growth-promoting bacteria, chelating agents, and nanoparticles for remediation of heavy metals; their mechanism of action; and their applications approach of hyperaccumulation. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which microorganisms, chelating agents, and nanoparticles can mobilize or immobilize metals in soils and the nano-phytoremediation strategies are addressed for the improvement of phytoextraction as an innovative process for enhancement of heavy metals removal from soil.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Pir Suhail Ahmed Sarhandi ◽  
Ayman Bajnaid ◽  
Tariq Elyas

Teachers all over the world strive to keep their students engaged, and research has shown that task engagement can be elevated by utilising technology to complete classroom activities. Reasons suggested for this is that technology’s alignment with students’ interests, as well as the stimulatingly transformative effect that technology can have on activities. Due to current students’ preferences, authors now encourage incorporating mobile phones into the classroom, claiming that it will improve task engagement. However, this has not been empirically proven. Therefore, this mixed method quasi experimental study examined whether two groups completing identical activities, where one group using their smartphones, would have any difference in their engagement with the given activities. The results indicated that a statistically significant difference in the initiation times and distraction between experimental and control settings. Although no significant emotional difference was observed between the groups, the students themselves indicated a significant difference in their emotional attitude towards smartphone activities as compared to paper-based ones. The smartphone group managed to engage with activities, thereby overcoming many factors which affected the control groups’ engagement levels.


Agric ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Made Deviani Duaja

The purpose of this research was to find out the response of celery plants when inorganic fertilizers are reduced and substituted with oil palm decanter cake mill waste. This research was conducted at Farmer’s Field in Tangkit Baru Village, Sungai Gelam Sub-district, Muaro Jambi Regency, uses Randomized Block Design with one factor ie decanter cake and inorganic fertilizer (NPK) consists of 7 levels, namely: 100% NPK Fertilizer (as recommended 200 kg urea / ha, 150 kg / ha SP-36, 200 kg / ha KCl ), decanter cake 15 ton / ha, 20 ton / ha, decanter cake 15 ton / ha + 75% dose of NPK (25% reduction of NPK dosage), decanter cake 15 ton / ha + 50% dose of NPK (50% reduction of NPK dose ), decanter cake 20 ton / ha + 75% dose of NPK (25% reduction NPK dose), decanter cake 20 ton / ha + 50% dose of NPK (50% reduction of NPK dose). The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of stems per hill, fresh weight per plant and plant growth rate. The results showed, that plant response to the reduction of 50% inorganic fertilizer substituted with decanter cake 15 tons per hectare gave the best celery fresh weight , leaves number and the highest celery stems number. For plant height parameters and the highest plant growth rate indicated that there was no significant difference between 15 tons per hectare and 20 tons per hectare of decanter cake at 50 percent reduction of inorganic fertilizers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Văn Phát Lê ◽  
Minh Tân Võ ◽  
Nguyễn Hồng Sơn Lê ◽  
Ngân Hà Nguyễn ◽  
Phương Thảo Hoàng ◽  
...  

  During the latest decades, human activities have contributed a large number of pollutants such as heavy metals, herbicides into water bodies. These pollutants cause negative effects on the aquatic environment and organisms in aquatic ecosystems, including microalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the herbicide atrazine and the metal Cd on development and growth rate of four freshwater microalgae, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Scenedesmus protuberans, Pediastrum duplex, and Pseudanabaena mucicola. We found that atrazine at the concentrations from 3–300 µg/L caused the reduction of development of S. quadricauda and P. mucicola. The growth rate of these two microalgae was inhibited upon exposure to 300 µg/L of atrazine. The Cd at the concentrations of 17–143 µg/L slightly influenced the development and growth rate of P. duplex. In contrast, the concentrations of 46–123 µg Cd/L, enhanced the development of S. protuberans between the 6th and 10th day of incubation. The development and growth rate of S. protuberans decreased exposed to 607 µg Cd/L. The current study evidenced the potent toxicity of atrazine to microalgae. Besides, the microalgae species P. duplex and S. protuberans showed their tolerance to Cd at the concentration up to 143 µg/L. Hence they would be potential candidates for phytoremediation in relation to metal contamination in water bodies.


Author(s):  
T. Vidhya ◽  
C. Kanniammal ◽  
Jaideep Mahendra ◽  
G. Valli

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of the mortality in urban and rural India and foremost causes of the death worldwide. Hypertension is a major risk condition that plays a pivotal role regarding the complications for those diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome. According to the World Health Organization (2012), hypertension is the number one cause of mortality in the world and it is a major risk factor for cardiac diseases and stroke. Objectives: i) To identify the level of blood pressure (BP) in pre and post test among study and control group of patients with acute coronary syndrome. ii) Determine the effect of cardiac walking on blood pressure among patients with ACS. iii) Associate the selected back ground variables with the level of systolic BP in the post test among study and control group. Methods: A quasi experimental design was adopted for this study. There are 50 Patients diagnosed with ASC admitted for the treatment and attending cardiac OPD were selected by purposive sampling technique of non- probability type. The intervention cardiac walking given for a period of one month to the study group. Findings: The comparison of before and after systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) within study group depicted statistically significant difference at **p less than 0.001 but not in control group. The comparison of post systolic and diastolic BP between study and control group inferred that there was statistically significant difference at **p less than 0.001. Conclusion: Cardiac walking is most effective way to stabilize the blood pressure among patients with ACS in order to prevent further complications such as stroke.


2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
C. E. Igwe ◽  
C. M. U. Ajero ◽  
A. A. Amaechi ◽  
P. O.` Nzenwa

Heavy metals (HM) have been a global concern for its toxic and detrimental effect on the environment especially when it exceeds the permissible limit through anthropogenic activities like kaolin mining. Kaolin mining has improved the economic wellbeing of the local people through employment and otherwise; and at the same time attached with environmental consequences that threatens the livelihood of the community members. This study was carried out to ascertain the concentrations of selected heavy metals in kaolin mined soils and water body and its pollution density using single pollution indices such as contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation (Igeo) and ecological risk factor (Er ). Soil sample were collected from three different kaolin mined sites labelled (A,B and C) also surface water samples were collected from upper and down streams of Iyi-ugbohoroAmaudara, both samples were digested and elemental analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS UNICAM 919 model). The concentration of the metals in three different kaolin mined soil samples ranges from Pb(40.00, 52.00 and 55.09 mg/kg) Cr(45.01, 70.00 and 71.00 mg/kg) Ni( 32.10, 50.50 and 51.00 mg/kg) Cd( 2.16, 6.25 and 6.15 mg/kg) Co( 19.68, 57.06 and 56.00 mg/kg) Se(1.06, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/kg) Mn(0.001, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/kg) Hg( 2.01, 2.00 and 2.50 mg/kg) As( 1.07, 1.10 and 1.05 mg/kg) and Cu(33.01, 60.00 and 57.5 mg/kg). Results from single pollution indices used for the selected heavy metals from kaolin mined soil, samples (A,B and C) showed that Mn, As, Cr, Ni and Cu indicated low to moderate contamination factor while Cd, Se, Co and Hg indicated high to very high contamination factor in all the samples. The distribution trend of heavy metals concentrations in the upper and down streams of the river body during wet season, showed that there were significant difference between upper and down streams while dry season showed variations in significant differences between the upper and down streams of some of the heavy metals. The study therefore concludes that kaolin soils are contaminated with heavy metals as a result of kaolin deposit and its mining activities. The single pollution indices used for the study pointed out that Cd, Se, Co and Hg are very high in the kaolin soils. The surface waters of Iyi-ugbohoroAmaudara River at the study area are polluted with heavy metals as a result of kaolin mining activities in the area; more especially during wet season of the study. Consequently, these outcomes would pose a toxic effect to both fauna and flora and possibly threatens the aquatic lives and the local populace.


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