scholarly journals EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Noor M. Asmael ◽  
◽  
Mohammed Y. Fattah ◽  
Abdalmhiman Kadhim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Production Temperature ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Warm Additives ◽  
Foaming Technology

Warm additives had wide popularity in recent years due to saving in energy and lowering emissions dealt with asphalt mixture production. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is produced by using foaming technology or reducing -viscosity additives of binder to enhance the rheological properties. In this study, organic-based additives (Asphaltan A and Asphaltan B) are used to investigate their effect to minimize the viscosity and lower the temperature of asphalt mixture production. Bitumen is mixed with three doses of each additive: 1, 2, and 3% of its weight. The binder viscosity was measured by rotational viscometer with and without the additives at three different temperatures. The study showed that the organic additives have a positive impact on the behavior of the binder in terms of viscosity reduction and made enhancements in terms of bitumen properties. This result could be useful in the reduction of production temperature and quantity of odour emissions.

scholarly journals Investigation of Moisture Dissipation of Water-Foamed Asphalt and Its Influence on the Viscosity

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5325
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
He Zhan ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Foamed Asphalt ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Analysis

Water-foamed asphalt is capable of improving the workability of asphalt mixture. It has been extensively used for its energy-saving and emission-reducing features. Water plays an essential part in improving the workability of water-foamed asphalt mixture. However, there is still lack in profound studies of moisture dissipation of the water-foamed asphalt over time and its influence on workability. In this study, the evolutions of residual water content and rotational viscosity of the water-foamed asphalt with time were respectively measured by the analytical balance and modified rotational viscometer (RV). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis was conducted to discuss the mechanism of viscosity reduction of water-foamed asphalt. The results showed that moisture evaporation is significantly influenced by the foaming water content and ambient temperature, which results in the different stabilizing time of water-foamed asphalt. When water-foamed asphalt was stabilized, the residual water inside the asphalt was less than 0.01% relative to the asphalt mass. The AFM analysis showed that the foaming process changed the distribution of wax in the water-foamed asphalt resulting in reduction of viscosity. The viscosity reduction of asphalt is highly related to the initial foaming water content. After the foaming process, the viscosity keeps stable and is independent of moisture dissipation.

scholarly journals Effects of Selected Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on Viscosity Properties of Binder

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Bekir Aktas ◽  
Şuayıp Aytekin ◽  
Şevket Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Production Temperature ◽  
Emission Ratios

Asphalt industry has spent great effort to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures of the asphalt mixture because of increasing emission ratios and energy costs. The production of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is related to attaining proper viscosity value of the binder to increase aggregate-binder bonding and compaction of the mixture at lower temperatures. The most important advantages of WMA are lower energy consumption and less pollution. Generally, the production temperature of the asphalt mixture depends on the asphalt properties. In this study, effects of selected warm mix asphalt additives of a certain amount by weight are investigated in terms of viscosity in a Brookfield Rotational Viscometer. The reducing viscosity of the binders will increase production and compaction ability of the mixtures. Also, it will allow to reduce mixing and compaction temperature. Therefore, with the decreased cooling rate asphalt mixtures can haul longer distances and give more time for site construction. The findings of this study show that under the same rotational speed viscosity decreases when additives are used.

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Coarse Steel Slag Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3708
Author(s):  
Adham Mohammed Alnadish ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Aman ◽  
Herda Yati Binti Katman ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Toxic Emissions ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Production Temperature

The major goal of sustainable practices is to preserve raw resources through the utilization of waste materials as an alternative to natural resources. Decreasing the temperature required to produce asphalt mixes contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing energy consumption and toxic emissions. In this study, warm mix asphalt incorporating coarse steel slag aggregates was investigated. Warm mix asphalt was produced at different temperatures lower than the control asphalt mixes (hot mix asphalt) by 10, 20, and 30 °C. The performances of the control and warm mix asphalt were assessed through laboratory tests examining stiffness modulus, dynamic creep, and moisture sensitivity. Furthermore, a response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted by means of DESIGN EXPERT 11 to develop prediction models for the performance of warm mix asphalt. The findings of this study illustrate that producing warm mix asphalt at a temperature 10 °C lower than that of hot mix asphalt exhibited the best results, compared to the other mixes. Additionally, the warm mix asphalt produced at 30 °C lower than the hot mix asphalt exhibited comparable performance to the hot mix asphalt. However, as the production temperature increases, the performance of the warm mix asphalt improves.

Rheological Properties of Tomato Concentrate

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Dak ◽  
Radha Charan Verma ◽  
S N A Jaaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Arrhenius Model ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Consistency Coefficient ◽  
Flow Behaviour Index ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wide Gap ◽  
Good Agreement

Rheological properties of tomato concentrate were evaluated using a wide-gap rotational viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories: Model LVDV-II) at different temperatures of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60oC, at concentration of 18, 12.18 and 8.04 % total solids, and at appropriate shear rate(1-100 RPM). The power law model was fitted to the experimental results. The values of flow behaviour index (n) were found less than unity (0.23 to 0.82) at all the temperature and the concentration indicating shear-thinning (pseudoplasticity) behaviour of the concentrate. The correlation between the observed consistency coefficient ranging from 0.09 to 65.87 Pa.sn and the inverse absolute temperature has been exhibited by Arrhenius model. Consistency coefficient increased exponentially with increase in the concentration. Statistical model was used for prediction of the consistency coefficient as a function of temperature and concentration which showed a good agreement (r2=0.99) between experimental and theoretical values. The magnitude of activation energy were found to be in the range of 8.6 to 14.08 kJ/mol.K.

scholarly journals Assessment Mixing and Compaction Temperatures for Modified HMA Using Superpave High Shear Viscosity Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Hussein Abed ◽  
Ali Hwaidi Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Compaction Temperature ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Marshall Stability

The objective of this study is determining the mixing and compaction temperature of the modified asphalt mixture. Results of binder tests showed that the addition of 3% SBS  to control asphalt (PG 64-16) would achieve the desired performance level (PG 76-16) a performance grade that fits our climate with traffic loads. When using 5% SBS the performance grade of binder increased three grades (PG 82-16) and when increasing SBS content to 8% the performance grade increased four grades (PG 88-16). At shear rate of 500 (s-1), the modified asphalt viscosity can be obtained at different temperatures and the viscosity temperature curve can be achieved. As a result, the mixing and compaction temperature of modified asphalt can be determined to reach 0.17 ± 0.02 Pa.s and 0.28 ± 0.03 Pa.s for mixing and compaction, respectively. It is noted that SBS modified reached a viscosity of 3 Pa.s when 8 % additive. Additive contents above these values may not be suitable for good workability and pump ability according to Superpave specifications. While addition of 5% SBS with control asphalt, more than 3.7times at 135°C Increase the viscosity. Marshall Stability test indicated that the strength for the SBS specimens increases as compared to the conventional specimens. An increase of about 39%, 74%, 102%, was observed with 3%SBS 5%SBS 8%SBS modified binders, respectively. The Marshall test results for 8%SBS binders required compaction temperatures above 175°C need to keep up quality of HMA item while limiting natural effect amid development, these proposals are unsatisfactory Modified mixtures the 5% SBS modification was determined to be the maximum useful content. The Superpave method to estimate mixing and compaction temperatures show are not practical for use with modified binders. Also,  it is observed that good agreement values between the average Marshall compaction temperature and the High Shear Viscosity Method (HSRV) and   lower than Superpave methods Where the decline ranges from 15 ºC to 17 ºC.

Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Modulus and Phase Angle of High Modulus Asphalt Mixture

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4220-4225
Author(s):  
Rui Bo Ren ◽  
Li Tao Geng ◽  
Li Zhi Wang ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Angle ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Testing System ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Confining Pressures

To study the mechanical properties of high modulus asphalt mixtures, dynamic modulus and phase angle of these two mixtures are tested with Simple Performance Testing System under different temperatures, loading frequencies and confining pressures. Testing results show the superiority of high modulus asphalt mixture in aspect of high temperature performance. Furthermore, the changing rules of dynamic modulus and phase angle are also discussed.

High-Pressure Data and Modeling Results for Phase Behavior and Asphaltene Onsets of Gulf of Mexico Oil Mixed With Nitrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 384-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odd Steve Hustad ◽  
Na Jia ◽  
Karen Schou Pedersen ◽  
Afzal Memon ◽  
Sukit Leekumjorn
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Reservoir Fluid

Summary This paper presents fluid composition, high-pressure pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) measurements, and equation-of-state (EoS) modeling results for a recombined Tahiti oil, Gulf of Mexico (GoM), and for the oil mixed with nitrogen in various concentrations. The data include: Upper and lower asphaltene onset pressures and bubblepoint pressures for the reservoir fluid swelled with nitrogen. At the reservoir conditions of 94 MPa (13,634 psia) and 94°C (201.2°F), asphaltene precipitation is seen after the addition of 27 mol% of nitrogen. Viscosity data for the swelled fluids showing that the addition of nitrogen significantly reduces the oil viscosity. Slimtube runs indicating that the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of the oil with nitrogen is significantly higher than estimated from published correlations. The data were modeled with the volume-corrected Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EoS and the perturbed-chain statistical association fluid theory (PC-SAFT) EoS. Although both equations provide a good match of the PVT properties of the reservoir fluid, PC-SAFT is superior to the SRK EoS for simulating the upper asphaltene onset pressures and the liquid-phase compressibility of the reservoir fluid swelled with nitrogen. Nitrogen-gas flooding is expected to have a positive impact on oil recovery because of its favorable oil-viscosity-reduction and phase behavior effects.

Laboratory Evaluation of Warm Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixture

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4178-4181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Wen Du ◽  
Shan Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Stone Matrix Asphalt ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Warm Additives

Two kinds of warm additives, Sasobit and Evotherm DAT, were used to develop warm stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture. The test results showed that compaction temperature of SMA can be decreased by 30-40°C when using Sasobit or Evotherm DAT. Then, to compare the mechanical performance properties of SMA and warm SMAs, mechanical properties of pavement mixture, including Marshall stability, retained Marshall stability, tensile strength ratio, Cantabro loss, rutting dynamic stability and low temperature flexural strength, were tested in laboratory. The results indicated that Sasobit can decrease obviously the moisture resistance ability and low temperature cracking resistance ability of SMA. Therefore, the pavement performance properties of Sasobit warm SMA are inferior to those of Evotherm DAT warm SMA, which has the nearly same performance properties as hot SMA.

Characteristic Analysis of Dynamic Modulus for High Modulus Asphalt Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Zou ◽  
Ai Min Sha ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Xin Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Test

In order to analyze the characteristics of high modulus asphalt mixture dynamic modulus, Universal Testing Machine (UTM-25) was used for dynamic modulus test of three kinds of mixtures, which were PR Module modified asphalt mixture and PR PLAST.S modified asphalt mixture and virgin asphalt mixture, to investigate dynamic modulus and phase angle at different temperatures and frequencies. The results indicate that: the dynamic modulus order of the three asphalt mixtures is PR MODULE > PR PLAST.S > Virgin. PR MODULE asphalt mixture dynamic modulus is much larger than the other two.

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