‘Real’ Results

The Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The previous chapters concentrated on qualitative, case oriented descriptions of the processes of carrying out the study. This chapter is occupied with the quantitative angle, describing the way in which quantitative research ‘findings’ were generated in the analysis phase of the study, and at the same time taking a self-critical look at some of the epistemological assumptions built into the notion of quantitative methods. The chapter focuses on the example of birthweight because of the ideological and moral importance attached to birthweight within the medical frame of reference and thus, via the medicalization of culture, within the moral frame of reference used to define women's position as mothers.

Models of Knowing and Understanding

Social Support and Motherhood ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447349457.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 411-429

Author(s):

Ann Oakley

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

The Social ◽

The Status ◽

Research Findings

Whereas Chapter 11 examined what the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome (SSPO) project can be said to have achieved in the way of research ‘findings’, this chapter broadens the framework of discussion to questions about the status of knowledge and methodologies of inquiry. It attempts to locate the SSPO study within the paradigm of the cultural turning-point referred to earlier — as an instance in the reworking of approaches to knowledge which characterizes intellectual debate in the latter part of the twentieth century. One way to approach this broader task from the specifics of the SSPO study is to ask what kind of methodology it is that combines the approach of a randomized controlled trial with that of ‘qualitative’ interviews.

Tahap Keupayaan Kognitif Bacaan Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu Kanak-Kanak Pemulihan Khas

Sains Insani ◽

10.33102/sainsinsani.vol2no2.40 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

Nurul Haniza Samsudin ◽

Puteri Roslina Abdul Wahid ◽

Salinah Ja’afar ◽

Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methods ◽

Language Learning ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Reading Fluency ◽

Remedial Education ◽

Cognitive Skill ◽

Ability Level ◽

Letter Sounds ◽

Research Findings ◽

This article discusses the reading cognitive ability in Malay Language learning among remedial education children. The cognitive ability among these children was tested based on several reading aspects which include the skills of recognizing or detecting, understanding, and applying as outlined in Bloom’s Taxonomy. This research utilized both the quantitative and qualitative methods in collecting the data. The subjects selected involved eight Standard Three students who were undergoing the remedial class in Puchong, Selangor. The instruments used included both oral and non-oral tests. The research findings indicate that the ability to apply appears to be the most acquired cognitive skill among the subjects (99.58%), followed by the abilities to understand (95.36%), and to remember (95.8%). These findings portray that special remedial children’s cognitive ability level is not only measured from the aspect of reading fluency, but also their abilities in recognizing letters, understanding letter sounds, and applying grammar skills. Keywords: cognitive ability, Malay Language learning, remedial education children ABSTRAK: Makalah ini membicarakan tentang tahap keupayaan kognitif bacaan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Melayu kanak-kanak pemulihan khas. Keupayaan kognitif dalam kalangan kanak-kanak pemulihan khas diuji berdasarkan aspek bacaan, iaitu dengan mengaplikasikan kemahiran mengenal pasti, memahami, dan mengaplikasi seperti yang terdapat dalam Taksonomi Bloom. Kajian ini juga menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam pengumpulan data. Subjek yang dipilih merupakan lapan orang pelajar darjah tiga yang mengikuti kelas pemulihan khas di Puchong, Selangor. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah ujian lisan dan bukan lisan. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa keupayaan mengaplikasi merupakan keupayaan yang paling dikuasai oleh subjek kajian dalam kemahiran kognitif, iaitu sebanyak 99.58 peratus, diikuti oleh keupayaan memahami 95.36 peratus, dan keupayaan mengingat 95.8 peratus. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tahap keupayaan kognitif kanak-kanak pemulihan khas bukan hanya diukur daripada kelancaran bacaan sahaja, malah keupayaan mengenal pasti huruf, memahami bunyi huruf, dan mengaplikasi tatabahasa turut diambil kira. Kata kunci: kognitif bacaan, kanak-kanak pemulihan khas, pembelajaran bahasa Melayu

Mixed Methods

Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts ◽

10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 169-174

Author(s):

Manfredi Valeriani ◽

Vicki L. Plano Clark

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Qualitative Methods ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Research Study ◽

Central Idea ◽

The Social ◽

The Status ◽

Research Questions ◽

This chapter examines mixed-methods research, which is an approach that involves the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods at one or more stages of a research study. The central idea behind mixed-methods research is that the intentional combination of numeric-based methods with narrative-based methods can best provide answers to some research questions. The ongoing attempts to construct a simple and common conceptualization of mixed-methods provide a good indicator of the status of mixed-methods itself. mixed-methods research has emerged as a formalized methodology well suited to addressing complex problems, and is currently applied throughout the social sciences and beyond. Nowadays, researchers interested in combining quantitative and qualitative methods can benefit from the growing knowledge about the epistemological foundations, essential considerations, and rigorous designs that have been advanced for mixed-methods research.

Qualitative research

Practical Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/med/9780198515517.003.0020 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 377-384

Author(s):

Joanna Murray

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Older People ◽

Qualitative Methods ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Illness Behaviour ◽

Complex Phenomena

Qualitative research is an increasingly popular method of enquiry in biomedical, clinical and behavioural research. Once regarded as the preserve of social scientists and psychologists, qualitative methods have entered the mainstream of epidemiology and clinical research, as evidenced by the publication of a series of papers in the British Medical Journal (Britten 1995; Mays and Pope 1995; Pope and Mays 1995; Pope et al. 2000). The qualitative methods to be described in this chapter offer a scientific approach to understanding and explaining the experiences, beliefs, and behaviour of defined groups of people. The contrasting features and the complementary roles of qualitative and quantitative methods of enquiry will be described. While the majority of chapters in the present volume are concerned with research methods designed to answer questions such as ‘how many?’ or ‘how frequently?’, qualitative methods enable us to explore the ‘why?’, ‘what?’, and ‘how?’ of human behaviour. Since the aim is to understand the meaning of the phenomena under study from the perspective of the individuals concerned, the direction of enquiry is guided more by respondent than researcher. This approach is particularly appropriate to complex phenomena such as the range of beliefs that underlie illness behaviour and the aspects of health care that matter to different service users. Qualitative enquiry would focus on identifying beliefs and describing the circumstances that surround particular behaviours, while quantitative research would focus on measurable characteristics of the sample and the frequency and outcome of their behaviour. An example of the contribution of the two methodological approaches is the study of variations in treatment of depression in older people. Epidemiological studies in the community and in primary care settings have found that the prevalence of depression in older adults far exceeds the prevalence of the disorder among those consulting their general practitioners. To identify the factors associated with this disparity, qualitative researchers would set out to explore the reasons why older people with depression do and do not present their symptoms to the GP. The aim would be to describe the range of beliefs about depression among attenders and non-attenders. The quantitative approach would involve establishing the strength of associations between personal characteristics, external factors, and behaviour of older people with depression. It is clear from this example that both approaches are complementary in identifying the nature of the disparity. Qualitative research is based on the premise that each individual's experience is unique and the beliefs that underlie illness behaviour can only be measured once identified and described from a variety of individual perspectives. When information of this type is combined with data on prevalence and variable risk, more appropriate services and outcome measures can be developed.

Functional capacity and social support to people affected by cerebrovascular accident

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 868-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raquel Janyne de Lima ◽

Cláudia Jeane Lopes Pimenta ◽

Maria Cristina Lins de Oliveira Frazão ◽

Gerlania Rodrigues Salviano Ferreira ◽

Tatiana Ferreira da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Barthel Index ◽

Cerebrovascular Accident ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

High Social Support ◽

Social Support Scale

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the functional capacity and its relationship with the level of social support to people affected by cerebrovascular accident. Methods: Cross-sectional and quantitative research, conducted with 108 individuals with sequelae of cerebrovascular accident in João Pessoa/PB. Data were collected through interviews, using a sociodemographic instrument – the Barthel Index and the Social Support Scale. Results: We observed the prevalence of functional dependency in 93.5%, and the mild dependency stood out in 40.7%. Medium social support was the most found, with 48.2%. The predominant dimensions of social support were the material dimension, followed by the emotional. There was a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) between very serious dependency and high social support. Conclusion: The results found allow us to reflect on the need for involvement of health professionals in strengthening the social support of patients with disabling diseases, such as the cerebrovascular accident.

The Poverty of Research

Social Support and Motherhood ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447349457.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 377-410

Author(s):

Ann Oakley

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Real World ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Outcome Study ◽

Material Support ◽

The Third ◽

The Social ◽

Cultural Treatment

This chapter presents an argument about both the narrow and the wider meanings of the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome study. It addresses the question of findings within three contexts. The first context is that of previous work on social support and health, and of the relations between social and material support; in other words, does befriending pregnant women make sense when their greatest enemy is not lack of social support but inadequate material resourcing of motherhood? The second context is the cultural treatment of women and reproduction; here the question is about the implications of the study for the routine provision of maternity care. The third context relates to the question of who listens, and attends, to the results of research; because of the problematic nature of this part of the process, the question is: does research make any difference to the ‘real’ world anyway?

Geneva's philanthropists around 1900: a field made of distinctive but interconnected social groups

Continuity and Change ◽

10.1017/s0268416016000114 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 127-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

THOMAS DAVID ◽

ALIX HEINIGER ◽

FELIX BÜHLMANN

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methods ◽

Social Status ◽

Social Groups ◽

Social Position ◽

Social Field ◽

The Social ◽

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the social profile of Geneva's philanthropists around 1900. It shows that, contrary to what the literature on philanthropy argues, philanthropists belonged to varied social groups defined by diverse forms of capital (economic, social and cultural) and were involved in philanthropic activities related to their social status. Together, those philanthropists formed a social field. They were connected to each other and even needed to collaborate on specific issues. The article argues that interconnections between actors reinforced their social position. By examining this field through both quantitative and qualitative methods, the article highlights relationships and ties between actors and shows how they collaborated on the basis of commonly held principles.

Data as representations: contextualizing qualitative and quantitative research strategies

Social Science Information ◽

10.1177/053901800039001006 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 99-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jaan Valsiner

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Science ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Main Issue ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The Social ◽

New States

The opposition between “quantitative” and “qualitative” perspectives in contemporary social science is an organizational limitation that directs discussions of the topic away from the main issue - the adequacy of any kind of data in respect to the phenomena they represent. This is particularly complicated if the phenomena are known to include inherent dynamics, are modifiable by the research encounter, or develop towards new states of existence. It is often assumed that qualitative and quantitative methods are mutually exclusive alternatives within a methodological process that is itself unified. The article shows that quantitative methods are derivates of a qualitative process of investigation, which itself can lead to the construction of inadequate data. The issue of the representativeness of the data - qualitative or quantitative - remains the central unresolved question for the methodology of the social sciences. Errors in representation can be diminished by correction of methods through direct (experiential) access to the phenomena, guided by the researcher's educated intuition.

Participatory action research with ex-prisoners: Using Photovoice and one woman’s story told through poetry

Action Research ◽

10.1177/1476750317719140 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 319-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michele Jarldorn ◽

‘Deer’

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

South Australia ◽

Research Data ◽

Participatory Action ◽

Qualitative Approaches ◽

Research Findings ◽

Personal Level ◽

Unexpected Findings

This paper provides an unexpected and extraordinary example of research data from a Photovoice project conducted with ex-prisoners in South Australia. It focusses on the contribution made by one of the participants who chose the pseudonym ‘Deer’. Deer joins me as a co-author, her voice shines in this paper, albeit through a pseudonym she chose for the project. Photovoice, a qualitative research method, uses a feminist framework and typically produces rich thick accounts of lives and experiences that cannot be adequately captured by quantitative research. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of research data collection each have merits, but qualitative approaches tend to engage the researcher, participant and later the reader on a more personal level. Moreover, unexpected findings are more likely to arise when researchers ask participants to express what they believe is important to their experience. This paper provides such an example, where the unexpected gift of poetry adds a deeper dimension to research findings.

Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in the study of developmental psychopathology in context

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579498001655 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 377-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

MERCER L. SULLIVAN

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methods ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Developmental Psychopathology ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Sociological Study ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The Life Course ◽

Observational Techniques

Qualitative methods are well suited to advance the understanding of the role of social context in the development of maladaptation and psychopathology. However, they have not been widely used by developmental psychopathologists, despite being utilized in related fields, particularly in the sociological study of crime and delinquency. This article assesses the potential for the increased use of qualitative methods in developmental psychopathology and addresses the challenges involved in integrating them with quantitative research strategies. The interplay of qualitative and quantitative methods in the study of juvenile delinquency is reviewed for relevant lessons about both the utility and the difficulties of integrating the two types of methods. The problem of assessing continuities and discontinuities over the life course in patterns of antisocial behavior is discussed as an example of the challenge of integrating methodological paradigms. Schools of thought about qualitative methods and their relationship to quantitative research paradigms are identified and compared. Examples are discussed of narrative life history interviewing and qualitative observational techniques and of recent research endeavors integrating these qualitative techniques with quantitative data analyses.