Transcriptome analysis of Curcuma wenyujin from Haikou and Wenzhou, and a comparison of the main constituents and related genes of Rhizoma Curcumae

For more than a thousand years, Rhizoma Curcumae (known as E zhu), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been used to eradicate blood stasis and relieve aches. The plant Curcuma wenyujin, which is grown primarily in Wenzhou, China, is considered the best source of Rhizoma Curcumae. In this study, we sought to ascertain differences in transcript profiles of C. wenyujin grown in traditional (Wenzhou) and recently established (Haikou) production areas based on Illumina and RNA (RNA-seq) sequencing. We also examined differences in the main components of the volatile oil terpene; curcumin, polysaccharide, and starch constituents and related genes in the corresponding pathways, in C. wenyujin cultivated in the two production areas. We accordingly found that the essential oil (2.05%), curcumin (1.46%), and polysaccharide (8.90%) content in Wenzhou rhizomes was higher than that in the rhizomes of plants from Haikou (1.60%, 0.91%, and 6.15%, respectively). In contrast, the starch content of Wenzhou rhizomes (17.0%) was lower than that of Haikou rhizomes (23.8%). Furthermore, we detected significant differences in the oil components of Haikou and Wenzhou rhizomes, with curzerene (32.34%), curdione (21.35%), and germacrene B (9.39%) being the primary components of the essential oil derived from Wenzhou rhizomes, and curzerene (20.13%), curdione (14.73%), and cineole (9.76%) being the main constituents in Haikou rhizomes. Transcriptome and qPCR analyses revealed considerable differences in gene expression between Wenzhou and Haikou rhizomes. The expression of terpene, curcumin, and polysaccharide pathway-related genes in Wenzhou rhizomes was significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of starch-associated genes was significantly down-regulated, compared with those in Haikou rhizomes. Difference in the content of terpene, curcumin, polysaccharides, and starch in rhizomes from the two production areas could be explained in terms of differences in expression of the related genes.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Volatile Extracts of Achillea millefolium

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danilo Falconieri ◽

Alessandra Piras ◽

Silvia Porcedda ◽

Bruno Marongiu ◽

Maria J. Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Mediterranean Coast ◽

Achillea Millefolium ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Main Components

In this study, flowering aerial parts of wild Achillea millefolium growing on the Mediterranean coast (Sardinia Island, Italy) and on the Atlantic coast (Portugal- Serra de Montemuro) were used as a matrix for supercritical extraction of volatile oil with CO2 (SFE). The collected extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods and their composition were compared with that of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation. A strong chemical variability in essential oils depending on the origin of the samples was observed. The results showed the presence of two type oils. The Italian volatile extracts (SFE and essential oil) are predominantly composed by α-asarone (25.6-33.3%, in the SFE extract and in the HD oil, respectively), β-bisabolene (27.3-16.6%) and α-pinene (10.0-17.0%); whereas the main components of the Portuguese extracts are trans-thujone (31.4-29.0%), trans-crhysanthenyl acetate (19.8-15.8%) and β-pinene (1.2-11.1%). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oils against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. guillermondii, C. parapsilosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. verrucosum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The oils showed the highest activity against dermatophyte strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.32-1.25 μL mL−1.

Download Full-text

Essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L. in Turkey

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/3536-cjfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 223-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

M. Özcan ◽

J.-C. Chalchat

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Methyl Eugenol ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Main Components

The constituents of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation of the overground parts of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L. from Turkey were examined by GC-MS. A total of 49 and 41 components, respectively, were identified accounting for 88.1% and 74.4% of the oils of O. basilicum and O. minimum, respectively. The oil of O. basilicum contained, as main components, methyl eugenol (78.02%), α-cubebene (6.17%), nerol (0.83%) and ε-muurolene (0.74%). Major compounds in the volatile oil of O. minimum were geranyl acetate (69.48%), terpinen-4-ol (2.35%) and octan-3-yl-acetate (0.72%). The essential oil of O. basilicum was characterised by its high content of methyl eugenol (78.02%), whereas the most important essential oil constituent of O. minimum was geranyl acetate (69.48%).    

Download Full-text

Effect of natural boron mineral use on the essential oil ratio and components of Musk Sage (Salvia sclarea L.)

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 732-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasan Basri Karayel

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Salvia Sclarea ◽

Plant Grown ◽

Main Components ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThis study was aimed to determine the effect of different boron doses (boron free, pure boron with 8 liters per decare and in 1/8 ratio diluted boron) on the rate and quality of volatile oil in musk grown in Kütahya-Gediz conditions. Essential oil from Musk Sage was obtained by hydrodistillation method (GC-MS/FID). In the analysis carried out in 2017, the rate of essential oil was found to be 0.11% in the plant grown without boron, while it was 0.44% in the plant grown with pure boron. However, this rate was found as 0.23% in the 1/8 boron ratio application. The main components of volatile oil were found as follows: for the boron-free application—spathulenol 23.75%, caryophyllene oxide 19.41%, linalool 10.10%, and sclareoloxide 9.92%; for the pure dose application—spathulenol 26.67%, sclareoloxide 18.81%, and caryophyllene oxide 16.13%; for in 1/8 ratio diluted boron dose application—spathulenol 24.82%, sclareoloxide 16.68%, and caryophyllene oxide 14.86%. It has been observed that pure boron dose has a positive effect on the essential oil ratio and components of Musk Sage.

Download Full-text

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Artemisia kulbadica from Iran

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400921 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zahra Aghajani ◽

Masoud Kazemi ◽

Mohammad Dakhili ◽

Abdolhossein Rustaiyan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil

The hydrodistilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia kulbadica Boiss. & Buhse was investigated by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Twenty-seven compounds were identified, representing 92.9% of the total oil. Sabinene (25.1%), trans-thujone (18.7%) and γ-cadinene (16.0%) were the main components. The antimicrobial activity was determined against six bacterial strains and one fungal. The oil was active against all the tested strains.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of caraway essential oil from different production areas of Serbia

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/248/2013-hortsci ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 122-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M.G. Aćimović ◽

S.I. Oljača ◽

V.V. Tešević ◽

M.M. Todosijević ◽

J.N. Djisalov

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Great Influence ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Production Region ◽

Production Area ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil ◽

Production Areas ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Caraway fruits contain essential oils that give caraway its characteristic aroma. This paper evaluates quantity and composition of the essential oil from the annual caraway grown in different production areas of Serbia. Experiments were conducted in three production areas: Banat, Bačka and Srem, during two years. The fruits contained 3.95% of oil on average. The highest content of essential oil was obtained in the production area of Banat, a part of Serbia where environmental conditions are very favourable for cultivation of medicinal plants. Weather conditions have not a significant influence on the content of essential oil in caraway fruits. However, weather conditions as well as production region had a great influence on seed yield and essential oil yield. There were 22 compounds determined in caraway essential oil by GC/MS. The main components were carvone and limonene, whose mixture constituted from 97.69 to 98.62% of total oil composition. Carvone/limonene ratio was 0.58% on average, therefore, it can be concluded that this annual caraway belongs to limonene chemotype.  

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of the Volatile Oil and Methanol Extract of Xenophyllum Poposum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200701230 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana M. González ◽

María I Tracanna ◽

Sara M. Amani ◽

Carola Schuff ◽

Miguel J. Poch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Main Components

The essential oil and methanol extract of northwestern Argentina medicinal plant Xenophyllum poposum, collected in Catamarca province, were investigated. GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil identified 56 compounds accounting for 92.9%. The main components of the oil were δ-cadinene (16.5%), 6-hydroxytremetone (14.7%), epi-α-cadinol (12.0%), α-cadinol (8.8%), γ-cadinene (7.5%), 1- epi-cubenol (4.2%) and α-muurolene (3.0%). The essential oil exhibited antibacterial activities against five pathogenic strains as well as antifungal activities against two pathogenic fungi. The methanol extract showed antibacterial activity against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus and two pathogenic fungal strains. The main components isolated from the methanol extract were the antifungal 4-hydroxy-3-(isopenten-2-yl)-acetophenone, 6-hydroxytremetone, and tremetone. 6-Hydroxytremetone showed activity against all the fungal strains and one of the S. aureus strains assayed. Antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties of the methanol extract and essential oil were determined using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) test. The methanol extract and the essential oil showed, respectively, moderate and weak antioxidant activity when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene.

Download Full-text

Chinese Herbal Medicines for Promoting Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis in Preventing Deep Venous Thrombosis after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200901103732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Hetao Huang ◽

Jianke Pan ◽

Yanhong Han ◽

Lingfeng Zeng ◽

Guihong Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Western Medicine ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Stasis ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Chinese Herbal

Aim and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis (PBCRBSM) in preventing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Materials and Methods: The Databases were searched for studies comparing the preventive abilities of PBCRBSM and Western medicine, such as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), rivaroxaban, and aspirin, as well as for randomized controlled trials on DVT after THA. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 3254 randomized controlled trials were included, including 1630 cases in the experimental group and 1624 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that compared with Western medicine, PBCRBSM reduced the incidence of DVT (OR=0.38, 95% CI [0.30, 0.48], P < 0.001); prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (SMD=0.44, 95% CI [0.35, 0.53], P < 0.001); reduced D-dimer (SMD=-0.75, 95% CI [-0.84，-0.65], P < 0.001), FIB (SMD=-0.61, 95% CI [-0.72, -0.50], P < 0.001), blood viscosity (P<0.01), circumference difference in lower extremities (P<0.01), venous blood flow velocity (SMD=0.97, 95% CI [0.77, 1.16], P < 0.001), and drainage volume (SMD=-1.53, 95% CI [-1.71, -1.35], P < 0.001); and reduced adverse reactions (OR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.19, 0.56], P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in prolonging prothrombin time (PT) between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI [-0.0.01). 3, 0.16], P > 0.05. Conclusion: PBCRBSM is an effective method for preventing DVT after THA and has fewer adverse effects.

Download Full-text

A Prospective Review on Phyto-pharmacological Aspects of Vitex negundo Linn.

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083805666191021161005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 05 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohd Faisal Khan ◽

Poonam Arora ◽

Mahaveer Dhobi

Keyword(s):

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Vitex Negundo ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Traditional System ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Main Components ◽

Important Drug

Background: Vitex negundo Linn. commonly known as five leave chase tree is an ethnobotanically important drug in traditional system of medicine. The plant is widely distributed in India, China and other Asian and American countries. Objective: The review aims at presenting comprehensive information with respect to ethnopharmacological rele-vance and recent findings on phytochemical and biological activities of Vitex negundo. Method: Literature was collected from various sources such as pubmed, scopus, science direct, and others. Results: Extracts and secondary metabolites of this plant, particularly those from roots and leaves, possess useful pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, galactagogue, antigas-tric, antiflatulant, antiparasitic, analgesic, hepatoprotective and antihypertensive, some of which have been vali-dated scientifically. All parts of plant especially leave and roots contain a large number of bioactive phytoconstitu-ents including flavonoids, iridoids, lignans, volatile oil, terpenes, coumarins, phenolic and steroidal compounds which impart it multiple medicinal properties. Vitexin, isovitexin, viridifol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and iso-chlorogenic acid are the main components. Conclusion: The review emphasises the medicinal importance of Vitex negundo and its bioactive constituents in traditional system of medicine.

Download Full-text

Behavioral and Antennal Responses of Tribolium confusum to Varronia globosa Essential Oil and Its Main Constituents: Perspective for Their Use as Repellent

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4393

Author(s):

Cesar Auguste Badji ◽

Jean Dorland ◽

Lynda Kheloul ◽

Dimitri Bréard ◽

Pascal Richomme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Tribolium Confusum ◽

High Dose ◽

Synthetic Chemicals ◽

Stored Product Pest ◽

Indigenous Plant ◽

Main Components ◽

Electroantennogram Recordings ◽

The Individual ◽

Main Component

Essential oils of aromatic plants represent an alternative to classical pest control with synthetic chemicals. They are especially promising for the alternative control of stored product pest insects. Here, we tested behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the stored product pest Tribolium confusum, to the essential oil of a Brazilian indigenous plant, Varronia globosa, collected in the Caatinga ecosystem. We analyzed the essential oil by GC-MS, tested the effects of the entire oil and its major components on the behavior of individual beetles in a four-way olfactometer, and investigated responses to these stimuli in electroantennogram recordings (EAG). We could identify 25 constituents in the essential oil of V. globosa, with anethole, caryophyllene and spathulenole as main components. The oil and its main component anethole had repellent effects already at low doses, whereas caryophyllene had only a repellent effect at a high dose. In addition, the essential oil abolished the attractive effect of the T. confusum aggregation pheromone. EAG recordings revealed dose-dependent responses to the individual components and increasing responses to the blend and even more to the entire oil. Our study reveals the potential of anethole and the essential oil of V. globosa in the management of stored product pests.

Download Full-text