scholarly journals Allometric association between physical fitness test results, body size/shape, biological maturity, and time spent playing sports in adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249626
Author(s):  
Matteo Giuriato ◽  
Adam Kawczynski ◽  
Dariusz Mroczek ◽  
Nicola Lovecchio ◽  
Alan Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
After School ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Sports Team ◽  
Biological Maturity

Regular participation in strength and conditioning activities positively correlates with health-related benefits in sports (team and individual). Maturity offset (MO) is a recognized parameter in fitness outcome assessment. The aims of the present study are to analyze cross-sectional allometric development of motor performances in a sample of adolescents and relate scaled motor performance to the estimated amount and type of physical activity and biological maturity status in 771 subjects aged 14–19 years. Three physical fitness components were evaluated using field tests (standing broad jump, sit-ups, shuttle run). Extra hours of sport after school (EHS) and MO were the covariates. The model to predict the physical performance variables was: Y = a · Mk1 · Hk2 · WCk3 · exp(b · EHS + c · MO) · ε. Results suggest that having controlled for body size and body shape, performing EHS and being an early developer (identified by a positive MO slope parameter) benefits children in physical fitness and motor performance tasks.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness among Chinese University Students: Results of a Longitudinal Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Chen Ding ◽  
Yumei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Over the past few decades, a gradual increase in sedentary lifestyles along with the increased consumption of a modern, hypercaloric diet has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of those classified as overweight or obese in China. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has become a key public health issue. However, it is important to be cautious when interpreting the literature as the majority of studies apply cross-sectional data to assess and subjectively compare the relationship between physical fitness and being overweight and obese. In the present study, longitudinal data were collected from 3066 students (enrolled in 2014) at a university in China at the beginning of each academic year throughout their four-year university program. The aim of this study was to analyze the various associations between BMI, explosive power, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance, and a random-intercept panel model (RIPM) was separately employed on male and female participants to identify between- and within-person variations. In this way, the associations for between-person physical fitness and normal/overweight/obese weight ranges, and for within-person physical fitness and normal/overweight/obese weight ranges could be observed. The results of this study revealed that every physical fitness test chosen for evaluation (such as the standing long jump for explosive power or the distance run for cardiorespiratory endurance) was negatively related to the BMI results, irrespective of sex, with the notable exception of the flexibility results. In addition, this study showed that both males and females exhibited positively correlated results in both between-person BMI and flexibility as well as within-person BMI and flexibility. Furthermore, the relationships between and within persons of cardiorespiratory endurance, explosive power, and flexibility all showed positive correlations across both sexes. The dynamics between physical fitness and BMI identified in this study could prove useful to practitioners and researchers investigating such relationships in the future.

Effect of Mandatory Unit and Individual Physical Training on Fitness in Military Men and Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan K. Anderson ◽  
Tyson Grier ◽  
Michelle Canham-Chervak ◽  
Timothy T. Bushman ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of additional individual physical training (PT) in addition to mandatory unit PT as well as other risk factors on physical fitness. Design: A cross-sectional design. Setting: This study was conducted on a US military installation. Participants: Participants were 6290 male and 558 female active duty US Army soldiers in 3 light infantry brigades. Measures: Participants completed self-administered questionnaires asking about individual characteristics, PT, and physical fitness. Cut points were established for soldiers scoring within the top 33% for each of the 3 Army Physical Fitness Test events (2-mile run, sit-ups, and push-ups) and top 50% in each of the tests combined for overall performance. Analysis: Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate analyses were calculated. Results: Variables impacting physical fitness performance of men and women included increased body mass index, leading unit PT sessions, and individual distance running mileage. Other variables impacting physical performance for men included increased age, smoking, and individual resistance training. Conclusion: Soldiers performing additional individual PT demonstrated a positive influence on fitness compared to unit PT participation alone. Increased age and being overweight/obese negatively influenced physical fitness. To enhance fitness performance through unit PT, running by ability groups and resistance training should be encouraged by leadership.

The Physical Fitness and Motor Performance of Educable Mentally Retarded Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lawrence Rarick ◽  
James H. Widdop ◽  
Geoffrey D. Broadhead
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Educable Mentally Retarded

A modification of the AAHPER Youth Physical Fitness Test was administered to a national sample of 4,235 educable retarded boys and girls, ages 8 to 18 years. Age changes in performance followed essentially the same trends as in normal children, although the retarded of both sexes were substantially behind standards on normal children. Sex differences in performance of the retarded were similar to those noted in normal children, the boys showing superiority in all tests at all ages. Inter correlations among the test items were low for both sexes at all age levels and of approximately the same magnitude as in children of normal intelligence.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Reliability of a Physical Fitness Test Battery in Individuals with Down Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cabeza-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Javier Alcántara-Cordero ◽  
Isaac Ruiz-Gavilán ◽  
Antonio Manuel Sánchez-López
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Extra Copy ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Motor Fitness

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that occurs because of an abnormal division between cells that results in an extra copy of chromosome 21. Some studies show that physical exercise in people with DS increases some cognitive capacities, such as memory, and improves the quality of life. Aim: The main aim of this study was to perform an analysis of the reliability and feasibility of the SAMU-Disability Fitness (DISFIT) battery in adults with DS. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a test–retest design was performed in a maximum interval of 2 weeks in 37 subjects (11 women and 26 men) aged between 21 and 58 years old with DS. Eight field-based fitness tests were proposed to assess the physical fitness (PF) of adults with DS: Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Deep Trunk Flexibility test (DTF), the Hand Grip test (HG), the Timed Stand Test (TST), the 30-s Sit-Up (SUP) and the 6-Min Walk Test (6MWT). Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) in all the tests was good and high (>0.80), except for the 6MWT, whose reliability was fair. Conclusion: The SAMU-DISFIT battery is a reliable and feasible physical fitness battery which has been created with the purpose of establishing tests which measure the four basic components of PF (flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness and motor fitness) in adults with DS.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Physical Fitness between Indigenous and Non-indigenous Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Shailandra Chiluwal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Fitness Score ◽  
Shuttle Run

Physical fitness is essential for all. This is comparative cum cross-sectional study dealing with the physical fitness of students. It was conducted in the secondary schools of Lamjung district with the objective to compare the physical fitness between indigenous and non- indigenous students. Altogether 150 secondary level male students were selected as the respondents consisting 75 for each group. Five schools were selected using purposive sampling method whereas, the respondent students were selected using purposive cum random sampling method. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER) Youth Physical Fitness Test was used to compare the physical fitness of indigenous and non-indigenous students. The test battery included six test items i.e. pull-ups, sit-ups, standing broad jump, shuttle run, 50-yard dash and 600-yard run-walk. For the comparison of fitness score, mean, SD, CV and Z-test were applied. Fitness status was found better among indigenous students in comparison to non-indigenous students.

scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ABILITY TO PERFORM PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS WITH QCST

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Erwin Dyah Nawawiwetu ◽  
Indah Lutfiya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Vocational Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Background: VO2 max measurement method for physical fitness test using QCST method has been widely used. VO2 max measurement is important for workers to determine the appropriate loading. There are several factors related to a person's ability to carry out physical fitness tests, including body posture, pulse, BMI, gender. Purpose: analyze factors related to the ability to conduct tests with the QCST method. Method: This research was analytic observational type which was conducted cross-sectional on 46 respondents taken randomly on 48 third-year D3K3 students in the Faculty of Vocational Studies of Universitas Airlangga. The independent variable consisted of gender, resting pulse rate and BMI. Dependent variable is the ability to complete the QCST test for 3 minutes. The relationship between variables was tested using the Fischer and Chi-square test with a significance of 5%. Results: The results showed that most respondents were unable to complete the QCST test for 3 minutes. There is no relationship between the ability to perform the QCST test with gender (p=0,365); resting pulse (p = 0,351) and BMI (p =0,187). Conclusion: QCST test for 3 minutes is too heavy for respondents. It is necessary to modify the QCST test that is appropriate for Indonesians.

scholarly journals Hubungan somatotype dengan kesegaran jasmani atlet sepak bola

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Elok Dwi Anggitasari ◽  
Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽  
Aryu Candra
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Food Recall

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan somatotype dengan kesegaran jasmnai atlet sepak bola. Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 42 subjek dipilih secara random sampling. Data somatotype didapatkan dari pengukuran antropometri terdiri dari berat badan, tinggi badan, trisep, suprailiaca, subscapular, calf skinfold, humerus width, fumerus width, dan flixed arm girth yang dihitung dengan metode antropometri Heath-Carter untuk menghasilkan skor somatotype yaitu endomorph, mesomorph, dan ectomorph. Data kesegaran jasmani diperoleh dengan tes ACSPFT (Asian Committee on the Standarization of Physical Fitness Test) terdiri dari tes kecepatan, daya ledak otot, ketangkasan, kelenturan, dan kekuatan. Data asupan zat gizi diperoleh dengan metode food recall 3x24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan kolmogorov-smirnov. Dari semua subjek diperoleh 19% memiliki tipe tubuh endomorph, 26.2% mesomorph, dan 54.8% ectomorph. Secara keseluruhan subjek memiliki kesegaran jasmani 73.8% baik, 21.4% sedang, dan 4.8 % kurang. Ada hubungan somatotype dengan kecepatan (p=0,034), daya ledak otot (p=0.0001), ketangkasan (p=0.0001), kelenturan (p=0.041), kekuatan (p=0.003) dan kesegaran jasmani (p=0.045). Tipe ectomorph dan dan mesomorph memiliki komponen kesegaran jasmani lebih baik dibandingkan tipe endomorph. Asupan energi (p=0.035) dan somatotype (p=0.045) merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kesegaran jasmani  Correlation of Somatotype with Physical Fitness of Football AthletesAbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the correlation of somatotype with physical fitness in football athletes. A cross sectional study with 42 subjects was selected by random sampling. Somatotype assessed with anthropometric measurements consists of weight, height, tricep, suprailiaca, subscapular, skinfold calf, humerus width, fumerus width, flixed arm girth. The somatotype components were calculating Heath-Carter anthropometric method to obtained somatotype score endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. Physical fitness were obtained by the ACSPFT (Asian Committee on the Standarization of Physical Fitness Test) consists of speed, muscular explosive power, agility, flexibility, and strength. Data of nutrient intake were obtained by food recall method 3x24 hours. Data analyzed by chi-square and kolmogorov-smirnov test. Subjects were 19% endomorph, 26.2% mesomorph, and 54.8% ectomorph. Overall subjects had a good physical fitness 73.8%, 21.4% moderate, and 4.8% less. There were various somatotype correlation with speed (p=0.034), muscle explosive power (p=0.0001), agility (p=0.0001), flexibility (p=0.041), strength (p=0.003) and physical fitness (p=0.045). The ectomorph and mesomorph types had better physical fitness components than the endomorph type. Energy intake (p=0.035) and somatotype (p=0.045) were the most influential variables on physical fitness.

scholarly journals Associations of Vitamin D Levels with Physical Fitness and Motor Performance; A Cross-Sectional Study in Youth Soccer Players from Southern Croatia

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Barbara Gilic ◽  
Jelena Kosor ◽  
David Jimenez-Pavon ◽  
Josko Markic ◽  
Zeljka Karin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Fitness Tests

Vitamin D level is known to be a factor potentially influencing physical fitness, but few studies have examined this phenomenon among youth athletes. We aimed to evaluate the associations of vitamin D levels (as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations—25(OH)D) with various physical fitness and motor performance tests in youth football (soccer) players. This cross-sectional study included a total of 52 youth soccer players (15.98 ± 2.26 years old) from Southern Croatia. The participants were evaluated at the end of the winter period and data were collected of anthropometric measures (body mass and body height), vitamin D status (25(OH)D levels), physical fitness tests (sprints of 10 and 20 m, 20 yards test, the countermovement jump, the reactive strength index (RSI)) and motor performance tests (the soccer-specific CODS, the soccer-specific agility, and static balance). Among the studied players, 54% had 25(OH)D insufficiency/deficiency, showing a lack of 25(OH)D is widespread even in youth athletes living at a southern latitude. The 25(OH)D level was correlated with sprint 20 m, 20 yards tests, and RSI, showing a greater role of 25(OH)D in physical fitness tests where energetic capacity is essential than in sport-related motor performance tests where skills are crucial. Our results support the idea that vitamin D can play a determinant role in physical fitness tests with a clear physiological component, but is not crucial in motor performance tests related to specific sports where skills are a key component. Future studies should investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the performance in physical fitness and motor performance tests among youth athletes.

The association between physical fitness and mathematics scores in elementary schools in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Dinar Dinangsit ◽  
Tatang Muhtar ◽  
Yogi Akin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Mathematics Scores ◽  
Test Items ◽  
And Mathematics

A continual pressure within the educational system in Indonesia to focus on high levels of academic achievement is a major barrier to implementing an effective physical education curriculum in Indonesia. The conflict between the implementation of a movement based approach (MBA) and a sport based approach (SBA) presents another continuing problem. The current approach leads more to an orientation towards the acquisition of sport skills rather than the attainment of objectives of cognitive development. This study is aimed to reveal the association between the physical fitness and academic achievement of children in Sumedang, West Java. Four physical fitness test items and a specially constructed mathematics test were administered to 265 children from grades four and five. The ability of performance on the physical fitness tests to predict performance in mathematics was calculated by linear multipleregression analysis. The findings revealed that there was a significant association, although low, between the physical fitness components and mathematics achievement. Sit ups and squat jumps showed low partial correlations and the relationships for push ups and the 400 metre run were negative Limitations in the ability of the children to perform the tests were suggested as an explanation for the mixed results. It was argued that this weakness served to emphasise the importance of giving greater priority to physical education and the quality of its teaching within the school curriculum.

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