scholarly journals Student perspectives of preparedness characteristics for clinical learning within a fully distributed veterinary teaching model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0249669
Author(s):  
Khalil Saadeh ◽  
Joanna B. Aitken ◽  
Sharmini Julita Paramasivam ◽  
Peter Cockcroft ◽  
Kamalan Jeevaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Clinical Learning ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Curriculum ◽  
Post Hoc

The transition into the clinical environment is challenging and associated with significant stress and anxiety. This study aimed to examine the perspectives of students on the characteristics important for preparedness for clinical learning and the influence of gender, age, and graduate status on those perspectives. This descriptive, questionnaire-based study of 62 characteristics categorised into six themes was conducted within the Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine completed by 139 students commencing their final clinical year. The Friedman test and post-hoc Wilcoxon signed rank sum test explored for differences in ranking across the themes. Ordinal logistic regression and Mann-Whitney U pairwise comparisons were utilised to investigate for effects of gender, age, and graduate status on theme ranking. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) between medians for themes of preparedness characteristics with comparisons revealing willingness and communication and interaction as the most highly rated characteristics. Knowledge and understanding were viewed as the least important characteristic. Regression and pairwise Mann-Whitney U comparisons confirmed no significant effects (P >0.05) of gender, age or graduate status on student rating of preparedness characteristics. Integrating learning opportunities of those preparedness characteristics in the pre-clinical curriculum may improve students’ preparedness for the clinical environment.

scholarly journals Visual performance of four types of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses and a review of articles

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Farideh Doroodgar ◽  
◽  
Azad Sanginabadi ◽  
Farid Karimian ◽  
Sana Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Multifocal Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc

AIM: To compare the clinical outcomes of a variety of multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) in patients diagnosed with presbyopia or cataracts. METHODS: This clinical trial study included 141 patients (282 eyes) with different MIOLs implantation. The Symfony (60 eyes), the ReSTOR (100 eyes), the AT LISAtri (60 eyes), and the PanOptix (62 eyes) intraocular lenses were evaluated in this prospective interventional study. The near, intermediate, and distant visual acuities, contrast sensitivity, and defocus curve were measured as valid criteria. To statistically analyze the results, we used the Statistical Package for Social Science software, the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank t, the one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's post-hoc test in our analysis. Moreover, we conducted a detailed literature search on the PubMed database in English about MIOLs, in total 59 studies were included in this review article. RESULTS: The four approaches did not show any significant difference in the best-corrected distance visual acuity (P>0.05). The defocus curves at the contrast of 100% showed that trifocal IOLs had better intermediate performance than the bifocal IOL (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between AT LISAtri and PanOptix lenses for visual acuity at all distances. The eyes with PanOptix, Symfony, and AT LISAtri IOL showed better contrast sensitivity than those ReSTOR at spatial frequencies of 1, 3, and 6 cpd in photopic and mesopic conditions (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: All four groups of the multifocal lenses were satisfying in terms of distance and near vision. Also, the group of trifocal lenses led to satisfactory outcomes in intermediate vision, without degradation in quality of vision.

scholarly journals Effective Velopharyngeal Ratio: A More Clinically Relevant Measure of Velopharyngeal Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3586-3593
Author(s):  
Abigail E. Haenssler ◽  
Xiangming Fang ◽  
Jamie L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adjacent Group

Purpose Velopharyngeal (VP) ratios are commonly used to study normal VP anatomy and normal VP function. An effective VP (EVP) ratio may be a more appropriate indicator of normal parameters for speech. The aims of this study are to examine if the VP ratio is preserved across the age span or if it varies with changes in the VP portal and to analyze if the EVP ratio is more stable across the age span. Method Magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyze VP variables of 270 participants. For statistical analysis, the participants were divided into the following groups based on age: infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Analyses of variance and a Games–Howell post hoc test were used to compare variables between groups. Results There was a statistically significant difference ( p < .05) in all measurements between the age groups. Pairwise comparisons reported statistically significant adjacent group differences ( p < .05) for velar length, VP ratio, effective velar length, adenoid depth, and pharyngeal depth. No statistically significant differences between adjacent age groups were reported for the EVP ratio. Conclusions Results from this study report the EVP ratio was not statistically significant between adjacent age groups, whereas the VP ratio was statistically significant between adjacent age groups. This study suggests that the EVP ratio is more correlated to VP function than the VP ratio and provides a more stable and consistent ratio of VP function across the age span.

scholarly journals DAYA TERIMA DAN KANDUNGAN GIZI (ENERGI, PROTEIN) GYOZA YANG DISUBSTITUSI KEONG SAWAH (Pila ampullacea) DAN PUREE KELOR (Moringa oleifera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Nabillah Eka Permatasari ◽  
Annis Catur Adi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
School Based ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Snail and moringa are the example of food that contain several nutrition such as energy, protein, calcium  needed by stunted children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of snail (Pila ampullacea) and puree moringa (Moringa oleifera) substitution toward the acceptance and nutritional value (energy and protein) of gyoza  as an healthy snack alternative. This study was an experimental with complete random design study. Untrained panelists were 30 students of grade five student in elementary school Komplek Kenjeran II 506. Elementary school Based on scoring by panelist formula F3 is the best treatment formula, because it is better in color and texture aspect but it has no significant difference in aroma and taste compared with treatment formula. The Friedman Test showed there were significant differences in color, aroma, texture and taste (p<0.05). Result of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that overall test of control formulas and treatment formulas were having differences but the result between treatment formulas were not having significant differences.  The highest energy and protein content were F3 224.8 g and 12.75 g/100 g gyoza. Based on the best acceptance value and the highest energy content, it was conclude that the optimization formula was F3 (75 g snail and 20 g moringa) as an alternative healthy snack for school-children.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Mechanism by Which the TNO Stereo Test Overestimates Stereo Thresholds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Bingbing Meng ◽  
Huang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Several studies have revealed that results of the TNO stereo test may overestimate the stereoacuity value (the less the better) compared with other testing measurements. The manner in which vision is divided among two eyes of a person wearing anaglyph glasses may play an important role. This study aimed to examine the effect of anaglyph glasses on stereopsis measurements. A stereopsis measurement system using a phoropter and two Sony smartphones was established. Four types of test patterns, including the original TNO stereo test pictures, isoluminant red-green pictures, grayscale pictures, and black and white dots pictures, were designed. A total of 32 participants were recruited for this study. A significant difference was found among the four groups (Friedman test, chi-square = 50.985, P < 0.001 ). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to detect differences between the groups. The stereoacuity of the original TNO group was significantly worse than those of the isoluminant, grayscale, and black-white groups. However, no significant difference was found between the isoluminant and grayscale groups. The correlation coefficient between the original TNO and isoluminant groups was 0.952 (Spearman’s rho, P < 0.001 ; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.901–0.988), while that between the original and grayscale groups was 0.771 (Spearman’s rho, P < 0.001 ; 95% CI, 0.550–0.916). Anaglyph glasses played an important role in determining the stereoacuity values with the TNO stereo test, and the results were overestimated when compared with that of the other testing methods. The imbalance of chroma and luminance between the two eyes caused by the anaglyph glasses was indicated as one of the reasons for the overestimation of stereo thresholds.

scholarly journals The influence of possession status on the physical output of male international hockey players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110339
Author(s):  
Eoin Cunniffe ◽  
Mark Connor ◽  
Marco Beato ◽  
Adam Grainger ◽  
Walter McConnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Physical Output ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
First Time

The aims of this investigation were to describe the physical output of hockey relative to possession status, and to identify differences in physical output during each possession category with respect of match result. Ten international matches were analysed utilizing Sportscode to identify in and not in possession instances. 24 players (age 26 ± 4) wore a 10 Hz GPS device to track physical output. Linear Mixed Models and post hoc pairwise comparisons were utilised to compare the physical output in each possession category within each position and relative to match result. Significant main effects were found for possession status on several physical output metrics (p ≤ 0.05). For all positions except forwards, not in possession instances were more physically demanding than in possession instances for metrics such as relative total distance, explosive distance, and high-speed running (>5.5 m.s−1). No significant difference was identified between possession category physical output aligned with match result (p > 0.05). This study shows for the first time that not in possession instances were more physically demanding than in possession instances for defenders, outside backs and midfielders. For not in possession instances, relative total distance and high-speed running was, on average, 13% and 41% higher compared to in possession instances. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in physical output for any position during each possession category relative to the match result.

scholarly journals Changes in Corneal Topography and Clinical Refraction Following Horizontal Rectus Muscle Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jeazelle H. Redondo ◽  
Alvina Pauline D. Santiago ◽  
Ivo John S. Dualan
Keyword(s):  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Post Hoc

Objectives. Refractive changes have been studied after muscle surgery in literature but most results are inconsistent.It has been postulated that changes in corneal tension after muscle surgery may cause a change in corneal curvatureresulting in the change in refraction postoperatively. This study investigated changes in corneal topography andclinical refraction after horizontal rectus muscle surgery. Methods. Twenty-one eyes of 13 patients underwent horizontal rectus muscle surgery via limbal approach. Manifestrefraction, cycloplegic refraction, and corneal topography were measured preoperatively, and postoperatively at day 1and weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8. The proportion of subjects with at least 0.5 D change from preoperative measurements and the proportion of subjects that needed new prescription postoperative were also computed. Analysis of the results were done using the Friedman test to identify significant differences among measurements at different time periods with post-hoc analysis utilized to identify specific time periods with significant changes from preoperative measurements. Results. Mean corneal keratometry, horizontal, vertical, and oblique astigmatism, obtained topographically showed nosignificant difference from preoperative measurements. The statistically significant difference in corneal astigmatismin the recession group at day 1, week 4 and week 8 postoperatively was not confirmed when converted to powervectors in both vertical/horizontal (J0) and oblique (J45) astigmatism. Clinical refraction showed a transient myopicshift in spherical equivalent, statistically significant only on postoperative day 1 in the recession group. There was nostatistically significant difference in clinical astigmatism. There was ≥ 0.5 D change in spherical equivalent in 60% inboth study groups by the end of follow-up. The shift in J0 was more than 10% in the recession group. More than fiftypercent (52.4%) needed new prescription for glasses. Conclusion. No statistically significant change in corneal topography and clinical refraction following horizontal rectusmuscle surgery were found. Patients should still be refracted at least 2 weeks postoperatively to check if there is aneed for change in prescription glasses to improve alignment and/or improve vision.

scholarly journals Application Research of Clinical Nursing Teaching Model Based on PBL Mode

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fu’an Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Clinical Nursing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To explore the application effect of PBL mode in clinical nursing teaching model. Methods: 40 nursing students who were internships from June 2017 to April 2018 in our hospital were selected as subjects. They were divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group, with 20 in each group. The control group used the traditional teaching model, and the experimental group used the PBL teaching model to compare the clinical teaching effects of the two groups of nursing students. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups of nursing students in the basic nursing knowledge, the professional practice operation under the simulated clinical operating environment and the basic nursing operation (P>0.05), in the clinical operation environment, the professional practice evaluation results of the experimental group were signifcantly better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically signifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The PBL teaching model has a good teaching effect in clinical nursing teaching, which can effectively improve the professional practice level of nursing students in the clinical environment and meet the requirements of modern clinical nursing professional ability level, therefore, the PBL mode is worthy of popularization and application in clinical nursing teaching.

Clinical physiotherapists’ experiences of leadership in physiotherapy in Ireland

BMJ Leader ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Emer McGowan ◽  
Cathal Walsh ◽  
Emma Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Bolman And Deal ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leadership Framework ◽  
Symbolic Leadership ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Purposive Sample

BackgroundPrevious studies indicated that physiotherapy managers and clinical specialists perceive themselves to be most effective at demonstrating leadership capabilities associated with the human resource and structural frames.AimTo investigate physiotherapists’ perceptions of the leadership capabilities of physiotherapy management in their workplace.MethodsA quantitative study was performed using a paper-based survey with a purposive sample of physiotherapists. The survey asked participants to rate 24 leadership capabilities on two questions: ‘How important are these capabilities for physiotherapy management to demonstrate?’ and ‘How effective is physiotherapy management in your workplace at demonstrating these capabilities?’ The leadership capabilities were derived from the leadership framework of Bolman and Deal.ResultsThe response rate was 55% (n=303). The Friedman test indicated that there was a significant difference in the ratings of importance of the leadership capabilities across the frames (X2(3)=9.362, P=0.025). Post-hoc analysis demonstrated that the symbolic leadership capabilities were rated more highly for importance than the structural leadership capabilities (Z=−2.640, P=0.008). There was also a significant difference in the ratings of effectiveness on the leadership capabilities across the frames (X2(3)=78.022, P<0.001). Physiotherapy management were rated as most effective at demonstrating structural and political frame capabilities and least effective on symbolic frame capabilities.ConclusionsThere is a discrepancy between the leadership capabilities that physiotherapists perceive physiotherapy management to be most effective at demonstrating and the leadership capabilities they perceive to be most important. Physiotherapy management may benefit from specific leadership programmes to develop their leadership capabilities in the symbolic frame.

Impact of Arch Height Flexibility on Dynamic Plantar Pressure in Healthy Young Subjects with Planus Feet

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Jinsup Song ◽  
Kersti Choe ◽  
Michael Neary ◽  
Rebecca A. Zifchock ◽  
Kenneth Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Post Hoc

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Healthy feet are important for overall health and well-being. Previous studies of older subjects showed that those with a lowered arch had an increased odds of having foot deformities, pain, and hyperpronation in gait. (1–3) No investigation to date has comprehensively characterized foot biomechanics in a large sample of healthy active young subjects. METHODS: Foot structure, function, and arch height flexibility (AHF) were measured in 1,052 incoming cadets to the United States Military Academy. Based on the previously established standing arch height index (AHI), 70% of subjects exhibited planus foot structures. (4,5) To examine the effects of AHF on dynamic barefoot plantar pressure, 1,414 planus feet were further categorized by AHF. Those that fell within the highest and the lowest quintiles were defined as flexible and stiff AHF, respectively, while the middle 3 quintiles were categorized as referent. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics and normality testing were performed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). A Generalized Linear Model with an identify link function was used to examine the effects of AHF category while accounting for potential dependence in bilateral data. The Wald Chi-square was calculated for each dependent variable with significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Post hoc pairwise comparisons for all pairs were performed using the Generalized Chi Square test at P &lt; 0.017. CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference was found in Center of Pressure Excursion Index (CPEI) and Peak Pressure (PP). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between flexible versus stiff AHF: those with flexible AHF exhibited reduced CPEI (greater hyperpronation) while those with stiff AHF showed elevated PP. Results suggest that, in addition to AHI, the arch flexibility may affect dynamic foot function. This was a part of larger study. Additional studies are needed to examine the effects of AHI and AHF on regional plantar loading and overuse injuries.

Perbedaan sensitivitas tetes telinga antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada otitis media supuratif kronik

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Budhi Darmawan ◽  
Dwi Utami Anjarwati
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one infectious disease of the middle ear, most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high number of patients come to the ENT outpatient clinic with active benign type of CSOM. The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilm which protects itself from penetration of antibiotics, and therefore creates resistance towards antibiotics and difficult to eradicate. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity levels of chloramphenicol, polymyxin-neomycin, cyprofloxacin and ofloxacine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with active benign type CSOM in ENT clinic. Method: The method used was across sectional study on 25 patients, from August 2010 until December 2010. Samples were taken withear swab and then put on sensitivity test to chloramphenicol, polymyxin-neomycin, cyprofloxacin andofloxacine using the diffusion disc method. The analysis used in this study was Cochran test. Results: Results showed a significant difference in sensitivity among chloramphenicol (38,70%), polymyxinneomycin(83,87%),cyprofloxacin(90,32%)andofloxacin(58,06%)withp=0,000(p<0,05).PostHocanalysisusing the Mc Nemar indicated that there were significant differences in sensitivity betweenpolymyxin-neomycin to chloramphenicol with p=0,000 (p<0,05), ciprofloxacin to chloramphenicol andciprofloxacin to ofloxacine with p= 0,002, but there were no significant differences between cyprofloxacinto polymyxin-neomycin with p=0,687, polymyxin-neomycin to ofloxacin p=0.057 and ofloxacin tochloramphenicol p=0,109.   There were significant differences in antibiotic ear dropssensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with active benign type of CSOM. Cyprofloxacin andpolymyxin-neomycin were more sensitive than ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, active benign type of chronic suppurative otitis media, antibioticear drops.  Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK) merupakan penyakit infeksi kronik telinga tengah yang sering dijumpai di klinik THT. Penyebab tersering OMSK adalah bakteri Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa mempunyai kemampuan untuk membentuk biofilm yangmelindunginya dari penetrasi antibiotik sehingga menimbulkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik dan sulituntuk eradikasinya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan tingkat sensitivitas kloramfenikol,polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasin terhadap isolat Pseudomonas aeruginosa padapasien OMSK benigna aktif di klinik THT RSMS. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah crosssectional terhadap 29 pasien OMSK di klinik THT RSMS periode bulan Agustus 2010 - Desember2010. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan swab telinga. Uji sensitivitas terhadap kloramfenikol,polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasin dilakukan dengan metode cakram secara difusi.Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Cochran dan analisis post hoc. Hasil: Didapatkansensitivitas kloramfenikol sebesar 38,70%, polimiksin-neomisin sebesar 83,87%, ciprofloksasin sebesar90,32% dan ofloksasin sebesar 58,06% dengan p=0,01 (P<0,05), yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaansensitivitas yang bermakna antara kloramfenikol, polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasinterhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analisis post hoc menggunakan Mc Nemar menunjukkan bahwaterdapat perbedaan sensitivitas yang bermakna antara tetes telinga polimiksin-neomisin terhadapkloramfenikol, dan ciprofloksasin terhadap kloramfenikol p=0,000 (p<0,05), serta terdapat perbedaanyang bermakna antara tetes telinga ciprofloksasin terhadap ofloksasin, p=0,002, tetapi tidak terdapatperbedaan yang bermakna antara ciprofloksasin terhadap polimiksin-neomisin, p=0,687, polimiksinneomisinterhadap ofloksasin p=0,057, dan kloramfenikol terhadap ofloksasin p=0,109. Kesimpulan:Terdapat perbedaan sensitivitas yang bermakna tetes telinga antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada pasien OMSK benigna aktif. Ciprofloksasin dan polimiksin-neomisin tetes telinga mempunyai sensitivitas yang lebih baik dibanding ofloksasin dan kloramfenikol. Kata kunci: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, otitis media supuratif kronik, tetes telinga antibiotik 

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