The prevalence and correlates of pre-diabetes in middle- to older-aged Irish adults using three diagnostic methods

Background and objectives Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and pre-diabetes is a strong predictor of diabetes development. To date, studies estimating the prevalence of pre-diabetes in the Irish population are sparse and conflicting. Monitoring the prevalence of pre-diabetes and a knowledge of associated factors is required to inform policies and to prevent development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this research examined the prevalence and correlates of pre-diabetes in a sample of middle- to older-aged Irish adults using three different methods for diagnosis. Materials and methods The Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen (2016/17) was a follow-up, cross-sectional study of the Mitchelstown Cohort Study (2010/11). 1,378 participants were recruited from a random sample of patients attending a single primary care centre. Pre-diabetes was defined using three diagnostic criteria: American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) cut-offs between 5.7%–6.4% (39–46 mmol/mol), World Health Organization International Expert Committee (WHO-IEC) HbA1c cut-offs between 6.0%–6.4% (42–46 mmol/mol) and ADA fasting plasma glucose (FPG) cut-offs between 5.6–6.9 mmol/l. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with pre-diabetes. Results The prevalence of pre-diabetes was found to be 43.9% (95% CI: 41.2%─46.5%), 14.5% (95% CI: 12.7%─16.5%) and 15.8% (95% CI: 13.9%─17.8%) according to HbA1c ADA, HbA1c WHO-IEC and FPG ADA definitions, respectively. Depending on diagnostic method, factors associated with pre-diabetes in univariate analyses included sex, age, marital status, health rating, education and poor diet quality. In multivariable analysis, subjects classified by the FPG ADA pre-diabetes criterion displayed the least optimal metabolic profile defined by overweight and obesity (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.53–5.43), hypertension (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.51–3.40) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.07–2.87). Conclusions The discordance between prevalence estimates according to method of diagnosis is concerning. A National Diabetes Prevention Programme is currently being developed in Ireland. Monitoring the prevalence of pre-diabetes over time will be important to assess the effectiveness of this programme. This study will inform national decision-makers on which definition of pre-diabetes to use for monitoring purposes.

Download Full-text

Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e023401 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fernanda G Duarte ◽

Sandra da Silva Moreira ◽

Maria da Conceição C Almeida ◽

Carlos A de Souza Teles ◽

Carine S Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Haemoglobin A1c ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Adherence To Diet

ObjectiveExamine whether glycaemic control varies according to sex and whether the latter plays a role in modifying factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Brazil and Venezuela.Design, setting and participantsThis was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil and Venezuela from February 2006 to June 2007 to obtain information about glycaemic control and its determinants in patients with diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics.Main outcome measuresHaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured by liquid chromatography, and patients with HbA1c ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have inadequate glycaemic control. The association of selected variables with glycaemic control was analysed by multivariate linear regression, using HbA1c as the dependent variable.ResultsA total of 9418 patients with T2D were enrolled in Brazil (n=5692) and in Venezuela (n=3726). They included 6214 (66%) women and 3204 (34%) men. On average, HbA1c levels in women were 0.13 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24; p=0.015) higher than in men, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, race, country, body mass index, duration of disease, complications, type of healthcare, adherence to diet, adherence to treatment and previous measurement of HbA1c. Sex modified the effect of some factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with T2D in our study, but had no noteworthy effect in others.ConclusionsWomen with T2D had worse glycaemic control than men. Possible causes for poorer glycaemic control in women compared with men include differences in glucose homeostasis, treatment response and psychological factors. In addition, sex modified factors associated with glycaemic control, suggesting the need to develop specific treatment guidelines for men and women.

Download Full-text

Atherogenic dyslipidemia, but not hyperglycemia, is an independent factor associated with liver fibrosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD: A population –based study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-20-1240 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Teresa Julián ◽

Guillem Pera ◽

Berta Soldevila ◽

Llorenç Caballería ◽

Josep Julve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Liver Stiffness ◽

Population Based ◽

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Advanced Liver Fibrosis

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risks factors associated with the presence of significant liver fibrosis in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Design and methods: This study was part of a population-based study conducted in the Barcelona metropolitan area among subjects aged 18-75 years old. Secondary causes of steatosis were excluded. Moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis was defined as a liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 8.0 kPa assessed by transient elastography. Results: Among 930 subjects with NAFLD, the prevalence of moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis was higher in subjects with T2D compared those without (30.8% vs. 8.7%). By multivariable analysis, one of the main factors independently associated with increased LSM in subjects with NAFLD was atherogenic dyslipidemia, but only in those with T2D. The percentage of subjects with LSM ≥ 8.0 kPa was higher in subjects with T2D and atherogenic dyslipidemia than in those with T2D without atherogenic dyslipidemia, both for the cut-off point of LSM ≥8.0 kPa (45% vs 24%, p=0.002) and 13 kPa (13% vs 4%, p=0.020). No differences were observed in the prevalence of LSM ≥8.0 kPa regarding glycemic control among NAFLD-diabetic subjects. Conclusions: Factors associated with moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD are different in subjects with and without T2D. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was associated with the presence of moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in T2D with NAFLD but not in non-diabetic subjects. These findings highlight the need for an active search for liver fibrosis in subjects with T2D, NAFLD and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh

10.20944/preprints202111.0342.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽

Masudus Salehin ◽

Sojib Bin Zaman ◽

Tania Tansi ◽

Rajat Das Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Household Income ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

Factors Associated

Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a major public health burden in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 adults with T2D presenting at the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) hospital between July 2013 to December 2013. CKD was diagnosed based on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate using the ‘Modification of Diet in Renal Disease’ equations and presence of albuminuria estimated by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with CKD. The overall prevalence of CKD among patients with T2D was 21.3%. In the unadjusted model Factors associated with CKD were: aged 40-49 years (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 1.3-25.4), age 50-59 years (7.0, 1.6-39), age ≥60 years (7.6, 1.7-34); being female (2.2, 1.2-3.8), hypertensive (1.9, 1.1-3.5) and household income between 128.2-256.4 US$ (2.9, 1.0-8.2) compared with income ≤128.2$. However, after adjustment of other covariates, only duration of hypertension and household income (128.2-256.4 US$) remained statistically significant. There is a need to implement policies and programs for early detection and management of hypertension and CKD in T2D patients in Bangladesh.

Download Full-text

Factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia: a descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004794 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. e004794 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Kurubaran Ganasegeran ◽

Pukunan Renganathan ◽

Rizal Abdul Manaf ◽

Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Single Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Centre Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Single Centre Study

Download Full-text

Magnitude of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-019-4609-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel ◽

Kalayou Kidanu Berhe ◽

Desta Siyoum Belay ◽

Berihu Hailu Kidanu ◽

Assefa Iyasu Negash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specialized Hospital

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess magnitude of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A hospital based cross sectional study design was used. Binary logistic regression model was used. Result A total of 419 respondents (208 males and 211 females) were enrolled; the mean age was 56.39 (SD 10.18), 51.1% of the respondents had metabolic syndrome according to international diabetes federation. Sex and age were statistically associated with metabolic syndrome with [AOR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.057, 3.533) and 1.04 (1.012, 1.072)] respectively. Regular physical exercise, overweight and obesity were statistically associated with metabolic syndrome with [AOR (95% CI) 1.84 (1.002, 3.362), 2.68 (1.518, 4.747) and 3.55 (1.254, 10.074)] respectively. To conclude, Magnitude of metabolic syndrome was high. The associated factors for metabolic syndrome are physical inactivity, inadequate intake of fruits, family history, overweight, and obesity.

Download Full-text

Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy8040219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Rishabh Sharma ◽

Manik Chhabra ◽

Kota Vidyasagar ◽

Muhammed Rashid ◽

Daniela Fialova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Patients ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Beers Criteria ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Older Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at greater risk of receiving potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) during hospitalization which may result in adverse outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the extent of PIM use in the older population with T2DM during hospitalization in a tertiary care hospital in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2019 to January 2020 in a tertiary care teaching hospital among the older population (aged ≥ 65 years) hospitalized with T2DM. Medications prescribed during hospitalization were reviewed following Beers Criteria 2019 to identify the extent of polypharmacy and PIM use. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with PIM use. Results: The mean age of the 150 patients hospitalized with T2DM was 68.85 ± 5.51 years, most of whom were men (54.7%). The participants had at least four comorbidities and were receiving an average of nine medications per day; the median length of hospital stay was 8 days (interquartile range (IQR): 4–19 days). Overall, three quarters (74%) of the participants had at least one PIM prescribed during their hospitalization as per Beers Criteria. Significant factors associated with the use of PIM during hospitalization are patients taking a higher number of medications (odds ratio (OR): 7.85, 95% CI 1.49–41.10), lower creatinine clearance values (OR: 12.90, 95% CI 2.81–59.28) and female patients (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.05–4.97). Conclusions: PIM use is frequently observed in older T2DM patients during hospitalization. Polypharmacy, reduced renal function and female gender are associated with higher PIM use. Engaging clinical pharmacists in evaluating medication appropriateness can improve the outcomes of older patients.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Saharawi Refugees (P10-071-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-071-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sigrun Henjum ◽

Victoria Telle Hjellset ◽

Marte Karoline Raberg Kjollesdal ◽

Merethe Flaaten ◽

Eivind Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives Economic development, globalization and urbanization has resulted in a shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure in low- and middle-income countries, called the Nutrition Transition. At the same time, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide. The Saharawi refugees have been living in refugee camps in the Algerian desert since 1975 and are totally dependent on food aid. High prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported among Saharawi women. Limited knowledge about the prevalence of T2D and associated risk factors exists in this population; therefore, the aim with this study was to address this gap in the literature. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in five Saharawi refugee camps, in Algeria and 180 women and 175 men were randomly selected. Participants’ blood glucose levels was assessed by HbA1c measurements and diagnosed with diabetes if HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol and prediabetes if HbA1c was between 42–47 mmol/mol. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) was used to assess various risk factors for T2D. Results Mean HbA1c among the Saharawi refugees was 38 mmol/mol. Seven and 15% were diagnosed with T2D and prediabetes, respectively, and 26% and 19% were overweight and obese, respectively. According to FINDRISK, 9% of the participants had high risk of developing diabetes, 10% had moderate risk, 37% had some risk and 44% had low risk. In multiple logistic regression models, after controlling for age, gender, number of children, BMI and education, the strongest predictor for diabetes was waist circumference, OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1). The strongest predictor for prediabetes was age and waist circumference OR (95% CI): 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) and OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1), respectively. Conclusions We found moderate prevalence of diabetes among the Saharawi refugees; however a high proportion had prediabetes and were suffering from overweight and obesity. In light of this, the rates of T2D are likely to increase dramatically in the near future. The Saharawi health authorities should pay attention to the increased risk of diabetes in this in this vulnerable population. Funding Sources Oslo Metropolitan University.

Download Full-text

Insulin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes in Mexico: Behaviors and Barriers

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/3190849 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janneth Bermeo-Cabrera ◽

Paloma Almeda-Valdes ◽

Josefa Riofrios-Palacios ◽

Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas ◽

Roopa Mehta

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Fear Of Hypoglycemia ◽

Insulin Omission

Objective. To investigate factors associated with insulin adherence in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) attending a tertiary care centre in Mexico City. Material and Methods. Cross-sectional study, including 200 patients. Adherence to insulin therapy was measured with a medication adherence questionnaire. Sociodemographic data and factors related to insulin omission were collected and compared between the nonadherent and adherent groups. Results. We categorized 117 (58.5%) patients as nonadherent and 83 (41.5%) as adherent. Among the adherent, only 22 patients (11%) had excellent adherence to insulin therapy. The following factors were associated with nonadherence: lack of planning of daily activities (46.1%), fear of hypoglycemia (41%), economic factors (15.4%), and number of insulin applications (2.31 versus 1.76 applications per day). Conclusions. In this study, patients with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care referral centre showed inadequate adherence to insulin therapy. The principal factors associated with insulin omission were low socioeconomic status, fear of hypoglycemia, and a greater number of insulin applications per day.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Correlates of Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Populations with Low-Risk of Obesity: A Cross- Sectional Study

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v30i6.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Adedapo W Awotidebe ◽

Auwalu Shehu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Activity Level ◽

Low Risk ◽

Point Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

BACKGROUND፡ There are few data concerning the prevalence and predictors of musculoskeletal pain among adults with type 2 diabetes in population with low-risk of obesity. Our objective was to describe the point prevalence and factors associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal pain in this population.METHODS: A cross-sectional data of 200 adults with type 2 diabetes, aged ≥ 18 years who were attending two tertiary hospitals were examined. Musculoskeletal pain and physical activity were collected with Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQSF) respectively. We used logistic regression to examine the risks associated with musculoskeletal pain.RESULTS: The point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 72.7% and similar between men (72.3%) and women (73.1%). In the last 7days, advancing age (odds ratio=1.09;95%CI:1.02-1.16) and comorbidity (odds ratio=3.0;95%CI:1.07-8.39) were risk factors associated with musculoskeletal pain. In the last 12 months, only comorbidity (odds ratio=5.57;95%CI:1.62-19.17) was a risk factor for increasing musculoskeletal pain. However, a unit increase in physical activity level (odds ratio=0.06;95%CI:0.008-0.51) was associated with decreased odds of musculoskeletal pain.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high and physical activity was associated with a decreased risk thereof. A further research should be evaluated on the influence of physical activity on musculoskeletal pain.

Download Full-text

Adipotsitokiny v nauchnoy i klinicheskoy praktike

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/2071-8713-5189 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A V Kosygina

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Social Adaptation ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Oncological Diseases ◽

Health Organization

In recent decades, overweight and obesity have become a major problem for most countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 300 million are obese. These clinical and experimental studies highlight a clear relationship between obesity and several chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high risk of oncological diseases, disorders of the reproductive sphere, pathology of the musculoskeletal system, as well as deviations in mental status and processes of social adaptation. Therefore, considerable efforts of modern endocrinology focused on the study of etiopathogenetic aspects that underlie these diseases and identification of possible markers.

Download Full-text