scholarly journals RNA-sequencing of AVPV and ARH reveals vastly different temporal and transcriptomic responses to estradiol in the female rat hypothalamus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256148
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Mohr ◽  
Angela M. Wong ◽  
Gauthaman Sukumar ◽  
Clifton L. Dalgard ◽  
Weizhe Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion

In females, estrogens have two main modes of action relating to gonadotropin secretion: positive feedback and negative feedback. Estrogen positive and negative feedback are controlled by different regions of the hypothalamus: the preoptic area/anterior portion (mainly the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, AVPV) of the hypothalamus is associated with estrogen positive feedback while the mediobasal hypothalamus (mainly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, ARH), is associated with estrogen negative feedback. In this study, we examined the temporal pattern of gene transcription in these two regions following estrogen treatment. Adult, ovariectomized, Long Evans rats received doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) or oil every 4 days for 3 cycles. On the last EB priming cycle, hypothalamic tissues were dissected into the AVPV+ and ARH+ at 0 hrs (baseline/oil control), 6 hrs, or 24 hrs after EB treatment. RNA was extracted and sequenced using bulk RNA sequencing. Differential gene analysis, gene ontology, and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Overall, we found that the AVPV+ and ARH+ respond differently to estradiol stimulation. In both regions, estradiol treatment resulted in more gene up-regulation than down-regulation. S100g was very strongly up-regulated by estradiol in both regions at 6 and 24 hrs after EB treatment. In the AVPV+ the highest number of differentially expressed genes occurred 24 hrs after EB. In the ARH+, the highest number of genes differentially expressed by EB occurred between 6 and 24 hrs after EB, while in the AVPV+, the fewest genes changed their expression between these time points, demonstrating a temporal difference in the way that EB regulates transcription these two areas. Several genes strongly implicated in gonadotropin release were differentially affected by estradiol including Esr1, encoding estrogen receptor-α and Kiss1, encoding kisspeptin. As an internal validation, Kiss1 was up-regulated in the AVPV+ and down-regulated in the ARH+. Gene network analysis revealed the vastly different clustering of genes modulated by estradiol in the AVPV+ compared with the ARH+. These results indicate that gene expression in these two hypothalamic regions have specific responses to estradiol in timing and direction.

Effects of ovarian hormones on brain opioid binding sites in castrated female rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. E507-E511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dondi ◽  
P. Limonta ◽  
R. Maggi ◽  
F. Piva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Opioid Binding ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect

These experiments were performed to analyze whether treatments of ovariectomized female rats with ovarian steroid regimens able to induce either an increase (positive feedback effect) or a decrease (negative feedback effect) of serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) have some impact on the characteristics of mu-opioid binding sites in circumscribed areas of the brain. The increase of serum levels of LH elicited by a treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) plus progesterone (P; positive feedback effect) was accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of mu-binding sites in the hypothalamus and in the corpus striatum. The decrease in serum levels of LH induced by a treatment with EB alone (negative feedback effect) brought about a significant increase of the number of mu-binding sites in the thalamus and in the hippocampus. These results seem to suggest that the release of LH induced by EB plus P may involve a decrease of hypothalamic mu-binding sites. Apparently, the inhibitory effect on LH release exerted by EB alone does not involve any change of the density of these binding sites in the hypothalamus.

Estradiol treatment increases feeding-induced c-Fos expression in the brains of ovariectomized rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. R738-R746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Eckel ◽  
Nori Geary
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Multiple Regions

The steroid hormone estradiol decreases meal size by increasing the potency of negative-feedback signals involved in meal termination. We used c-Fos immunohistochemistry, a marker of neuronal activation, to investigate the hypothesis that estradiol modulates the processing of feeding-induced negative-feedback signals within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the first central relay of the neuronal network controlling food intake, and within other brain regions related to the control of food intake. Chow-fed, ovariectomized rats were injected subcutaneously with 10 μg 17-β estradiol benzoate or sesame oil vehicle on 2 consecutive days. Forty-eight hours after the second injections, 0, 5, or 10 ml of a familiar sweet milk diet were presented for 20 min at dark onset. Rats were perfused 100 min later, and brain tissue was collected and processed for c-Fos-like immunoreactivity. Feeding increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the NTS, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in oil-treated rats. Estradiol treatment further increased this response in the caudal, subpostremal, and intermediate NTS, which process negative-feedback satiation signals, but not in the rostral NTS, which processes positive-feedback gustatory signals controlling meal size. Estradiol treatment also increased feeding-induced c-Fos in the PVN and CeA. These results indicate that modest amounts of food increase neuronal activity within brain regions implicated in the control of meal size in ovariectomized rats and that estradiol treatment selectively increases this activation. They also suggest that estradiol decreases meal size by increasing feeding-related neuronal activity in multiple regions of the distributed neural network controlling meal size.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs expression during the differentiation of abdominal preadipocytes in chicken

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Xiangqian Zhang ◽  
Kunpeng Han ◽  
Genxi Zhang ◽  
Jinyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
And Function ◽  
Jinghai Yellow Chicken

AbstractlncRNAs regulate metabolic tissue development and function, including adipogenesis. However, little is known about the function and profile of lncRNAs in preadipocytes differentiation of chicken. Here, we identified lncRNAs in preadipocytes of different differentiation stages by RNA-sequencing using Jinghai Yellow chicken. A total of 1,300,074,528 clean reads and 27,023 lncRNAs were obtained from twenty samples. 3095 genes (1,336 lncRNAs and 1,759 mRNAs) were differentially expressed among different stages, of which the number of DEGs decreased with the differentiation, demonstrating that the early stage might be most important for chicken preadipocytes differentiation. Furthermore, 3,095 DEGs were clustered into 8 clusters with their expression patterns by K-means clustering. We identified six stage-specific modules related to A0, A2 and A6 stages using weighted co-expression network analysis. Many well-known/novel pathways associated with preadipocytes differentiation were found. We also identified highly connected genes in each module and visualized them by cytoscape. Many well-known genes related to preadipocytes differentiation were found such as IGFBP2 and JUN. Yet, the majority of high connected genes were unknown in chicken preadipocytes. This study provides a valuable resource for chicken lncRNA study and contributes to batter understanding the biology of preadipocytes differentiation in chicken.

scholarly journals Interactions of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and estradiol with GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from female rat gonadotrophs

2001 ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
YX Xia ◽  
JM Weiss ◽  
S Polack ◽  
K Diedrich ◽  
O Ortmann
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Lh Secretion

BACKGROUND: It is well established that ovarian steroids modulate gonadotropin secretion from anterior pituitary cells. It has been speculated that insulin and IGF-I might influence gonadotropin secretion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of IGF-I and estradiol alone, or combinations of IGF-I with insulin and estradiol on GnRH-stimulated LH release from female rat pituitary cells in serum-supplemented and serum-free culture conditions. METHODS: Pituitary cells were incubated for 24 h or 48 h with a series of increasing concentrations of IGF-I or estradiol and stimulated with 1 nmol/l GnRH for 3 h. To determine the interaction of IGF-I and estradiol on GnRH-stimulated LH secretion, cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of IGF-I and 100 pmol/l estradiol for 24 h. We also investigated the effects of combined treatment with IGF-I and insulin on GnRH-stimulated LH secretion. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that long-term IGF-I treatment (24 h) alone has a significant augmenting effect on GnRH-stimulated LH release in serum-free medium only, with a maximum at low concentrations (10 and 100 pmol/l). Estradiol significantly increased GnRH-induced LH release in a dose-dependent manner. The extent of GnRH-stimulated LH secretion by long-term estradiol treatment (24 h) was significantly greater in serum-supplemented (+42%) medium than in serum-free medium. Estradiol facilitated IGF-I-primed LH responses to GnRH in serum-free medium. In contrast, in serum-supplemented medium, the facilitating potential of estradiol was lower. We also found that, in GnRH-stimulated cells, LH release was augmented by insulin treatment, in contrast to quiescent cells that had been pretreated with 100 pmol/l IGF-I alone and 1 nmol/l insulin alone. CONCLUSIONS: IGF-I and to a lesser extent insulin stimulate GnRH-induced LH secretion from pituitary gonadotrophs. This action is enhanced by estradiol treatment of the cells. However, the well known stimulatory action of estradiol on LH secretion is dependent on the presence of growth factors.

scholarly journals Microarray analysis reveals an inflammatory transcriptomic signature in peripheral blood for sciatica

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guogang Dai ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Shichuan Liao ◽  
Jiao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Key Genes

Abstract Background Although the pathology of sciatica has been studied extensively, the transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood caused by sciatica have not been characterized. This study aimed to characterize the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica. Methods We used a microarray to identify differentially expressed genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, performed a functional analysis to reveal the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica, and conducted a network analysis to identify key genes that contribute to the observed transcriptional changes. The expression levels of these key genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results We found that 153 genes were differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, and 131 and 22 of these were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. A functional analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were strongly enriched for the inflammatory response or immunity. The network analysis revealed that a group of genes, most of which are related to the inflammatory response, played a key role in the dysregulation of these DEGs. These key genes are Toll-like receptor 4, matrix metallopeptidase 9, myeloperoxidase, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, resistin and Toll-like receptor 5, and a qRT-PCR analysis validated the higher transcript levels of these key genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica than in that of healthy controls. Conclusion We revealed inflammatory characteristics that serve as a peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica and identified genes that are essential for mRNA dysregulation in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica.

scholarly journals Suppression of personality variation in boldness during foraging in three-spined sticklebacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. A. MacGregor ◽  
Aislinn Cottage ◽  
Christos C. Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Refuge Use ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioural Type ◽  
State Behaviour

Abstract Consistent inter-individual variation in behaviour within a population, widely referred to as personality variation, can be affected by environmental context. Feedbacks between an individual’s behaviour and state can strengthen (positive feedback) or weaken (negative feedback) individual differences when experiences such as predator encounters or winning contests are dependent on behavioural type. We examined the influence of foraging on individual-level consistency in refuge use (a measure of risk-taking, i.e. boldness) in three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and particularly whether changes in refuge use depended on boldness measured under control conditions. In the control treatment trials with no food, individuals were repeatable in refuge use across repeated trials, and this behavioural consistency did not differ between the start and end of these trials. In contrast, when food was available, individuals showed a higher degree of consistency in refuge use at the start of the trials versus controls but this consistency significantly reduced by the end of the trials. The effect of the opportunity to forage was dependent on behavioural type, with bolder fish varying more in their refuge use between the start and the end of the feeding trials than shyer fish, and boldness positively predicted the likelihood of feeding at the start but not at the end of the trials. This suggests a state-behaviour feedback, but there was no overall trend in how bolder individuals changed their behaviour. Our study shows that personality variation can be suppressed in foraging contexts and a potential but unpredictable role of feedbacks between state and behaviour. Significance statement In this experimental study, we examined how foraging influences consistency in risk-taking in individual three-spined sticklebacks. We show that bolder individuals become less consistent in their risk-taking behaviour than shyer individuals during foraging. Some bolder individuals reinforce their risk-taking behaviour, suggesting a positive feedback between state and behaviour, while others converge on the behaviour of shyer individuals, suggesting a negative feedback. In support of a role of satiation in driving negative feedback effects, we found that bolder individuals were more likely to feed at the start but not at the end of the trials. Overall, our findings suggest that foraging can influence personality variation in risk-taking behaviour; however, the role of feedbacks may be unpredictable.

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