scholarly journals Optimized extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from the leaves of Himalayan Oak species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259350
Author(s):  
Aseesh Pandey ◽  
Tarun Belwal ◽  
Sushma Tamta ◽  
Ranbeer S. Rawal
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Polyphenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Precise Quantification ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Experimental Runs

In this study heat-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to enhance extraction yield of antioxidant polyphenols from leaves of Himalayan Quercus species. In initial experiments, a five-factor Plackett-Burman design including 12 experimental runs was tested against the total polyphenolic content (TP). Amongst, XA: extraction temperature, XC: solvent concentration and XE: sample-to-solvent ratio had shown significant influence on yield. These influential factors were further subject to a three-factor-three-level Box-Wilson Central Composite Design; including 20 experimental runs and 3D response surface methodology plots were used to determine optimum conditions [i.e. XA: (80°C), XC:(87%), XE: (1g/40ml)].This optimized condition was further used in other Quercus species of western Himalaya, India. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed occurrence of 12 polyphenols in six screened Quercus species with the highest concentration of catechin followed by gallic acid. Amongest, Q. franchetii and Q. serrata shared maximum numbers of polyphenolic antioxidants (8 in each). This optimized extraction condition of Quercus species can be utilized for precise quantification of polyphenols and their use in pharmaceutical industries as a potential substitute of synthetic polyphenols.

scholarly journals Determining the Optimum Conditions for Extracting Carotenoids from Syrian Apricot Fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Wahbi Kalook ◽  
Adib Faleh ◽  
Amir Al-Haj Sakur ◽  
Wassim Abdelwahed
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of this research is to extract carotenoids from apricot fruits using a food solvent (ethanol) and a non-food solvent (propanol). In addition, it aims to study the effect of different extraction conditions, i.e., the extraction temperature (20-40-60)°C and the extraction times (4-8-12) hours, on the carotenoids yield in order to improve and develop extraction methods. The extracted carotenoids were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the studied carotenoids are α-carotene and β-carotene. It was found that β-carotene constitutes about 80% of the total carotenoids in apricots. The results indicated that the extraction yield using ethanol was low compared to the extraction yield using propanol. Propanol is the most suitable solvent for carotenoids extraction in comparison with ethanol. The temperature also had a significant effect on the extraction yield; at 20°C the extraction yield was very low, and 60°C was the optimum temperature for the extraction of carotene. The extraction yield significantly increased with time in the first hours of extraction, and there was no significant effect from increasing the extraction time for a period of 6-8 hours. Moreover, the pretreatment of fruits by freezing accelerated the extraction process and increased the extraction yield. The optimum conditions for extracting carotenoids were determined in the conditions of food extraction; the optimum conditions for extracting carotenoids are: extraction at 60°C for three hours with pretreatment by freezing as the extraction rate reached up to 6.36 mg/100 g using ethanol as a food solvent.

scholarly journals Optimization of Extraction Process for Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Kursi Wufarikun Ziyabit Using Response Surface Methodology and Quantitative Analysis of Main Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salamet Edirs ◽  
Ablajan Turak ◽  
Sodik Numonov ◽  
Xuelei Xin ◽  
Haji Akber Aisa
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Ptp 1B

By using extraction yield, total polyphenolic content, antidiabetic activities (PTP-1B and α-glycosidase), and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH) as indicated markers, the extraction conditions of the prescription Kursi Wufarikun Ziyabit (KWZ) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Independent variables were ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, solid-to-solvent ratio, and extraction time. The result of RSM analysis showed that the four variables investigated have a significant effect (p<0.05) for Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, and Y5 with R2 value of 0.9120, 0.9793, 0.9076, 0.9125, and 0.9709, respectively. Optimal conditions for the highest extraction yield of 39.28%, PTP-1B inhibition rate of 86.21%, α-glycosidase enzymes inhibition rate of 96.56%, and ABTS inhibition rate of 77.38% were derived at ethanol concentration 50.11%, extraction temperature 72.06°C, solid-to-solvent ratio 1 : 22.73 g/mL, and extraction time 2.93 h. On the basis of total polyphenol content of 48.44% in this optimal condition, the quantitative analysis of effective part of KWZ was characterized via UPLC method, 12 main components were identified by standard compounds, and all of them have shown good regression within the test ranges and the total content of them was 11.18%.

A Study on the Investigation of Diffusion Coefficient for Oil Extraction from Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Fatih Kaya ◽  
Ahmet Özer
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Pistacia Terebinthus

Objective: In this study, the extraction of oil from Pistacia terebinthus L’s seeds grown in Elazig-TURKEY and called menengic in domestic region was investigated. Crude oil content of the seeds obtained from this region was determined as approximately 47% (w/w). Methods: Effects of the parameters such as extraction time, temperature, seeds/solvent ratio (dosage), the particle size of seeds and type of solvent were examined on the oil extraction yield. In this context, it has concluded that up to a certain point, the extraction time has increased the yield of oil extracted. But the extraction temperature showed activity as depending on the solvent type. Results: As expected, it has been observed that the yield of oil has decreased depending on the increase in particle size and dosage as well. The mathematical model obtained by solving Fick's second law under the appropriate boundary and initial conditions were used to calculate diffusion coefficients for the extraction process. Diffusion coefficients for the seeds with a particle size of 0.55 mm were found to be between 1.15x10-11 and 1.86x10-11 m2s-1. To compare the extraction yield of Pistacia terebinthus L’s seeds with that of sunflower at the same conditions, the diffusion coefficients of sunflower seeds were calculated in the range of 9.11x10-12 and 1.13x10-11 m2s-1. Conclusion: These figures show that the diffusion coefficients calculated for both oily seeds are nearly equivalent to each other. The fatty acid composition of extracted oil from Pistacia terebinthus L’s seeds was determined by GC-FID. The GC-FID results showed that oleic, linoleic (ω-6) and palmitic acid were main fatty acids in the oil obtained from menengic seeds.

scholarly journals Drying Kinetics and Optimisation of Pectin Extraction from Banana Peels via Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chua Bee Lin ◽  
Chong Yek Cze
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Gelling Time ◽  
Solid Liquid

Banana peels which are the waste in abundance, are used to extract valuable pectin. The gelling ability of the pectin has gained attention in food and pharmaceutical industries. This research aims to select the best drying kinetic model for banana peels and also optimize the pectin extraction process using Box-Behnken response surface design (BBD). Determination of pectin gelling mechanism using degree of esterification (DE) is also focused in this research. In this study, oven drying with temperature 50°C was chosen as the best drying temperature due to highest extraction yield. Furthermore, Page-Two-term model was selected as the best model to describe the drying kinetics of banana peels due to highest R2 value (0.9991) and lowest RMSE value (0.001). The optimal extraction conditions given by BBD were 75°C extraction temperature, 23 min extraction time and 1:33.3 g/ml solid-liquid ratio. Likewise, the DE for both pectins extracted using unoptimised and optimised conditions were 71.92±1.38% and 76.1±2.07% respectively. Both of the pectins were classified as high-methoxyl pectins. The pectin with higher DE also indicated that the rate of gel formation is higher. The results showed that the pectin yield and gelling time has successfully improved after optimised the pectin extraction process.

scholarly journals Green Solvent Extraction and Quality Characteristics of Passion Fruit Seed Oil (Passiflora edulis Sims var. edulis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Nga ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Bac ◽  
Lai Thi Ngoc Ha
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The extraction of oil from passion fruit seeds with acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, and hexane was studied. The effects of the variables, namely type of solvent, material to solvent ratio, temperature, and extraction time, were investigated. The highest extraction yield was 78.52%, which was obtained using ethyl acetate with a material to solvent ratio of 1/10 at room temperature (28oC) for 4h using a shaker. This yield was similar to that obtained when using hexane as a solvent. Our results indicate that ethyl acetate can replace the conventional hexane solvent in the extraction of oil from passion fruit seeds. The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in passion fruit seed oil suggests that this product has good potential for use in the human food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Optimized extraction of polyphenols from leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in Lam Dong province, Vietnam, and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051
Author(s):  
Minh-Tam Nguyen-Kim ◽  
Quoc-Cuong Truong ◽  
Minh-Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Bich-Hang Cao-Thi ◽  
Thanh-Danh Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Dried Extract

Abstract In the present study, the optimized solvent extraction conditions with regards to the total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of rosemary leaf extract (RLE) were determined. The one-factor-at-a-time method was used to independently investigate the effect of several extraction parameters, including ethanol concentration (0–100% v/v), extraction temperature (50–80°C), extraction period (15–60 min), material–solvent ratio (1:5–1:10 g/mL), and extraction cycles (1, 2, and 3 times) on polyphenol content. Response surface methodology (RSM), in combination with a central composite design, was used to perform optimization. The following optimal conditions that gave maximal TPC were determined and experimentally verified: ethanol concentration of 65% (v/v), extraction temperature of 65°C, material–solvent ratio of 1:7.5 g/mL, extraction time of 15 min, and 2 cycles of extraction. These parameters corresponded with the TPC yield of 87.42 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried feed material (mg GAE/g DW). The optimal conditions gave a high extraction yield (337 ± 6 mg dried extract/g dried feed material) with 197.28 ± 3.11 mg GAE/g dried extract. The estimated models were strongly significant (p < 0.05) for TPC values with significant regression coefficients (R 2) of 0.9979. The obtained RLE was supposed to be the top grade of natural antioxidant with the IC50 (DPPH assays) value of 9.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL, which is higher than that of the vitamin C by just three times (IC50 = 3.2 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Current results justify RLE as a potential agent in food preservation applications.

Box-Behnken Design for Extraction Optimization Followed by High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography: Production of a Flavonoid-enriched Fraction from Achyrocline Satureioides

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pittol ◽  
George González Ortega ◽  
Eduarda Doneda ◽  
Sara Elis Bianchi ◽  
Marí Castro Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Countercurrent Chromatography ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Achyrocline Satureioides

AbstractThe biological properties of Achyrocline satureioides have been mostly ascribed to its major flavonoids quercetin (QCT), luteolin (LUT), and 3-O-methylquercetin (3OMQ). The present study aimed to optimize the extraction by dynamic maceration of the major phenolic compounds in order to obtain in a subsequent step a flavonoid-enriched fraction (FEF) using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). A 3-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to maximize the extraction of the substances, using the plant : solvent ratio (X1 ), extraction time (X2 ), and ethanol concentration (X3 ) as factors. One-step HPCCC semipreparative separation with a solvent system composed of hexane : ethyl acetate : methanol : water (0.9 : 0.9 : 0.8 : 1.0, v/v) was employed to obtain the FEF. The second-order polynomial model was able to fit the experimental data adequately. The linear and quadratic terms of X3 were the most significant factors that affected all the responses. The positive linear term of X3 indicated a substantial increase in extraction yield, while the negative quadratic term showed a nonlinear tendency. Linear terms of X1 suggested a tendency to solvent saturation, except for QCT. The terms of X2 did not affect the responses substantially. The HPCCC method was found to be efficient and rapid for separating the FEF with 71% (w/w) flavonoid content. Overall, the developed extraction procedure coupled with HPCCC proved to be efficient for obtaining an enriched fraction with a very high content of flavonoids from A. satureioides.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF CONDITIONS FOR CAROTENOIDS EXTRACTION FROM SHRIMP WASTE USING ORGANIC SOLVENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Ha ◽  
Le Duy Thang
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Raw Shrimp

In this study, factors affecting the extraction yield of carotenoids from dry shrimp waste by organic solvents such as ratio of hexane / acetone, ratio of solvent / shrimp waste, extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction method such as dynamic or static have been studied. The results showed that the solvent ratio hexane: acetone = 3: 1 gave the highest carotenoid yield. In this ratio of solvent’s mixture, the yield reached highest at temperature 60 °C for 2 hours, which was 44,64 µg / g raw shrimp waste (d.b.) (ratio of solvent to raw material 3/1). Ultrasound or vortexing gave higher extraction yield than in static conditions, which was 1.5- to 1.8- fold increase, respectively. At the ratio of solvent: dried shrimp = 4: 1, the amount of carotenoid recovered at 60°C for 2 hours reached 57.4 µg / g. However, if the shrimp waste was hydrolyzed with Alcalase at 50°C for 4 hours before extraction by solvent, the amount of carotenoid recovered achieved 149 µg / g of raw material

scholarly journals Effects of circadian clock and light on melatonin concentration in Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s Wort)

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsiu Chung ◽  
Tzu-Shing Deng
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Spatiotemporal Regulation ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Oriented Research

Abstract Background Melatonin acts as a signaling hormone and entraining agent in many organisms. We studied the spatiotemporal regulation and influence of light (photoperiods, intensities, and spectral qualities) on melatonin concentration in the medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum L. Furthermore, melatonin concentrations in the leaves of eight species of the Hypericum genus were compared and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Melatonin concentration was found to be the highest in its flowers and leaves. The leaves exhibited a rhythmic variation in melatonin concentration of approximately 24 h under both light–dark entrained (Zeitgeber time) and constant light [circadian time (CT)] conditions, with melatonin concentration peaking at approximately CT6 in the middle of the subjective day. Melatonin concentration was influenced significantly by not only photoperiods but also applied light’s wavelength and intensity. It was approximately six times higher under long-day conditions (18-h light:6-h dark) than under short-day photoperiods (10-h light:14-h dark) and was the highest (131 μg/g fresh weight [FW]) under treatment with blue light at an intensity of 45 µmol·m2/s of photons. The melatonin concentration of the two examined Hypericum spp., namely H. kouytchense Lev. and H. coris L., were approximately twice that of H. perforatum L. Conclusion Our findings provide first insights on melatonin-related functions and mechanisms in the circadian system of H. perforatum and useful resources for further melatonin-oriented research and possible applications in agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Optimization of sunflower head pectin extraction by ammonium oxalate and the effect of drying conditions on properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Ma ◽  
Jiayi Yu ◽  
Jing Jing ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Liyong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

AbstractPectin is a kind of natural and complex carbohydrates which is extensively used in food, chemical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Fresh sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) heads were utilized as a novel source of pectin extracted by ammonium oxalate. The conditions of the extraction process were optimized implementing the response surface methodology. Under optimal extraction parameters (extraction time 1.34 h, liquid–solid ratio 15:1 mL/g, ammonium oxalate concentration 0.76% (w/v)), the maximum experimental yield was 7.36%. The effect of spray-drying and freeze-drying on the physiochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, high performance size exclusion chromatography, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed freeze-drying lead to decrease in galacturonic acid (GalA) content (76.2%), molecular weight (Mw 316 kDa), and crystallinity. The antioxidant activities of pectin were investigated utilizing the in-vitro DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging systems. This study provided a novel and efficient extraction method of sunflower pectin, and confirmed that different drying processes had an effect on the structure and properties of pectin.

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