scholarly journals A data fusion approach to the estimation of temporary populations: An application to Australia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259377
Author(s):  
Elin Charles-Edwards ◽  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Julia Loginova ◽  
Radoslaw Panczak ◽  
Gentry White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Social Statistics ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Monthly Variations ◽  
Ambient Population

This study establishes a new method for estimating the monthly Average Population Present (APP) in Australian regions. Conventional population statistics, which enumerate people where they usually live, ignore the significant spatial mobility driving short term shifts in population numbers. Estimates of the temporary or ambient population of a region have several important applications including the provision of goods and services, emergency preparedness and serve as more appropriate denominators for a range of social statistics. This paper develops a flexible modelling framework to generate APP estimates from an integrated suite of conventional and novel data sources. The resultant APP estimates reveal the considerable seasonality in small area populations across Australia’s regions alongside the contribution of domestic and international visitors as well as absent residents to the observed monthly variations. The modelling framework developed in the paper is conceived in a manner such that it can be adapted and re-deployed both for use with alternative data sources as well as other situational contexts for the estimation of temporary populations.

scholarly journals Administrative Preparedness Strategies: Expediting Procurement and Contracting Cycle Times During an Emergency

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
David Hurst ◽  
Sharon Sharpe ◽  
Valerie A. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cooperative Agreements ◽  
Hospital Preparedness ◽  
Cooperative Purchasing

We assessed whether administrative preparedness processes that were intended to expedite the acquisition of goods and services during a public health emergency affect estimated procurement and contracting cycle times. We obtained data from 2014-2015 applications to the Hospital Preparedness Program and Public Health Emergency Preparedness (HPP-PHEP) cooperative agreements. We compared the estimated procurement and contracting cycle times of 61 HPP-PHEP awardees that did and did not have certain administrative processes in place. Certain processes, such as statutes allowing for procuring and contracting on the open market, had an effect on reducing the estimated cycle times for obtaining goods and services. Other processes, such as cooperative purchasing agreements, also had an effect on estimated procurement time. For example, awardees with statutes that permitted them to obtain goods and services in the open market had an average procurement cycle time of 6 days; those without such statutes had a cycle time of 17 days ( P = .04). PHEP awardees should consider adopting these or similar processes in an effort to reduce cycle times.

The Swedish Consumer Agency’s calculations of reference values for some of the most common household expense categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
Malin Lindquist Skogar ◽  
Ingrid Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Consumer Agency ◽  
Social Statistics ◽  
Household Costs ◽  
Budget Standards

This chapter reviews the work of the Swedish Consumer Agency in producing “reasonable living expenses.” It provides an example of an expert-led reference budget standard that is grounded in social statistics and behavioural data, and supported by work with social surveys and focus groups. It also explains the Swedish Consumer Agency's work of calculating the costs of the goods and services that households usually need in order to achieve a “reasonable standard of living.” The chapter demonstrates the calculations that cover both individual and common household costs, focusing on the basic needs required to live decently in Sweden. It points out that the reference budget standards and values are ascertained from official statistics and information produced by research institutes, agencies, and expert organisations.

scholarly journals VALUATING THE APPROPRIATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS RUSSIAN REGIONS

Baltic Region ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-184
Author(s):  
Anna A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Ict Infrastructure

The COVID-19 pandemic has proved a powerful catalyst for the integration of digital technologies in everyday life. Many routines relating to purchasing goods and services, information exchange, movement, document issuance, or scheduling medical appointments have been replaced by digital ones. Despite technology proliferating through society, the digital divide is widening. The place of residence is a factor affecting the involvement in digitalisation, along with age, education, income, and the availability of ICT infrastructure. This study evaluates the readiness of the population of various Russian regions to embrace digital technologies. Based on a comparative analysis of traffic to the most popular websites on the Russian Internet, grouped into five categories (e-commerce, e-government, information exchange, spatial mobility, scientific communication), an index method for assessing readiness for digitalisation is developed. The study uses Yandex search data from February 2019 to January 2021. The findings suggest that Russian regions may be divided into digitally advanced areas, runner-ups, average performers, and the digital periphery. Recommendations are given on how to increase readiness for digital transformation in territories of different types without running the risks of forced digitalisation.

scholarly journals Geographical Aspects in the Framework of Interdisciplinary Research on Migration

Geografie ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Dušan Drbohlav
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Process Migration ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Basic Concepts

This contribution deals with the basic concepts of migration. It focuses on how geographical aspects may be understood within an interdisciplinary research of migration. The following points are discussed: conditionality of the migration process, migration definition within a broader concept of a spatial mobility, data sources and their "organization", principal dimensions of study of migration processes and related important theoretical frameworks and approaches.

scholarly journals The Impact of BI Interest Rate and Amount of Money Supply on Inflation in Indonesia During 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Sari Silaban ◽  
Dita Natania Harefa ◽  
Januarti Ira Melenia Napitupulu ◽  
Jessica Putri Br. Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
National Income ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Impact

The economic progress of a country is surely influenced by its economic indicators. This indicator is an important thing to pay it attention. One of the economic indicators is inflation. Inflation will affect the economy aggregately. Due to the increase in inflation and inflation instability, it will indicate that the level of prices for goods and services in a country is high. In the end, this will have an impact on people's interest in buying these goods or using these services. Of course, the large impact will be sustainable on national income. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of interest rates and the money supply on inflation in Indonesia in 2017-2019. The types of data used in this study are quantitative data and the data sources used are taken from BPS for the 2017-2019 period. .The final result of this study showed that based on the results of the analysis, it could be concluded that interest rates and the amount of money have an impact on inflation with a significance value of 0,000296. Meanwhile, the t-test results indicate that interest rates and the money supply have an impact on inflation, respectively, with values of significance are  0.0371 and 0.0286.

scholarly journals Will woody plant encroachment impact the visitor experience and economy of conservation areas?

Koedoe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma F. Gray ◽  
William J. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
Woody Plant Encroachment ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Visitors

Woody plant encroachment into savannas is a globally prevalent phenomenon and impacts ecosystem goods and services such as biodiversity, carbon storage, nutrient cycling, grazing and hydrology. The direct ecological and economic consequences for rangelands have been fairly well studied, but, to our knowledge, the economic impact on conservation efforts has not been investigated. African savannas are important as conservation areas because they support large numbers of the world’s remaining megafauna. This study used visitor surveys and long-term mammal distribution data to investigate how an increase in tree density might affect the visibility of animals in a conservation area, which could reduce the satisfaction of visitors to the area. We found that apparent herd sizes and density of animals were much reduced in woody areas, suggesting that visibility is negatively impacted. Visitor surveys determined that a large fraction (almost half) of potential future visitors to the park may be lost if animals became more difficult to see and that the majority of these would be the higher-spending visitors. Responses differed depending on the origin of visitors, with international visitors being more interested in seeing animals, whilst local visitors were more content with just being away from the city. The results suggest that woody plant encroachment may have significant impacts on visitor numbers to savanna conservation areas, whilst animal numbers and densities may also be significantly impacted.Conservation implications: The results pointed to potentially significant economic consequences for conservation efforts as visitors become less satisfied with their experience. Perceptions of visitors are important for management decisions as park fees contribute significantly to conservation efforts. This could ultimately result in a reduced capacity for African conservation areas to conserve their biodiversity effectively. The results suggest that management may need to re-evaluate their approach to controlling woody plant encroachment.

scholarly journals Simulation of Package Delivery Optimization using a Combination of Carriers and Drop-Ship

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Valentyn M. Yanchuk ◽  
Andrii G. Tkachuk ◽  
Dmytro S. Antoniuk ◽  
Tetiana A. Vakaliuk ◽  
Anna A. Humeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
End User ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Delivery Services

A variety of goods and services in the contemporary world requires evolutionary improvement of services e-commerce platform performance and optimization of costs. Contemporary society is deeply integrated with delivery services, purchasing of goods and services online, that makes competition between service and good providers a key selection factor for end-user.. As long as logistic, timely, and cost-effective delivery plays important part authors decided to analyse possible ways of improvements in the current field, especially for regions distantly located from popular distribution canters and drop-ship delivery networks. Considering both: fast and lazy delivery the factor of costs is playing an important role for each end-user. The work proposes a simulation that analyses the current cost of delivery for e-commerce orders in the context of delivery by the Supplier Fleet, World-Wide delivery service fleet, and possible vendor drop-ship and checks of the alternative ways can be used to minimize the costs. Special attention is given to Drop-Ship networks as the factor of possible costs decrease. The main object of investigation is focused around mid and small companies living far from big distribution canters, in the rural areas but actively using e-commerce solutions for their daily activities. The authors analysed and proposed a solution for the problem of cost optimization for packages delivery for long-distance deliveries using a combination of paths delivered by supplier fleets, worldwide, local carriers and drop-ship networks. Data models and Add-ons of contemporary Enterprise Resource Planning systems have been used, and additional development is proposed in the perspective of the flow selection change for combination of carriers. The experiment is based on data sources of the United States companies using a wide range of carriers for delivery services and uses the data sources of the real companies; however, it applies repetitive simulations to analyse variances in obtained solutions for different combinations of carriers.

scholarly journals Administrative Data Censuses in US States

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Us States ◽  
Program Administrators

This paper describes work underway to conduct administrative data censuses in several US states. We are helping states identify sources that, when combined, reflect their entire population, and introduce approaches to efficiently and routinely integrate their data. The national 2020 Census of Population and Housing faces numerous challenges. Operationally, there are concerns about self-response, inadequate technology integration and testing, hacking and data manipulation of this first online census, and the application of differential privacy to published results. This project’s main aim is to support population benchmarking in states to ensure correct counts affecting federal funding and political representation. This capacity-building has spillover effects for states: it can support their program administration, emergency preparedness, and policymaking. We describe our plan and results to date. We have developed governance approaches and templates and proposed schema to de-duplicate individuals across data sources. We established a secure project workspace designed for cross-institution collaboration to design approaches for states to clean and standardize identifiers, to link across and de-duplicate files, to determine or impute relationships, and to resolve discrepancies observed between sources on residence and demographic characteristics. We have assessed operational readiness in the states and gathered the concerns and recommendations of state integrated data system owners, demographers, advocacy groups, and program administrators. This stakeholder engagement was critical to design workflows and planned products. We need to report on the coverage, completeness, and overlap of data sources, and of the linked data. Next we will work with states to determine what population measures they need from this new capacity: what demographic characteristics and levels of geography are desired for tables and maps. The project aims to build trust in the data and process from the ground up. We will develop training materials and offer technical assistance to help other states adopt this population benchmarking capacity.

scholarly journals Challenges for Modelling CAP 2014–2020 within CGE Model Framework

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zawalińska ◽  
Anna Ciechomska ◽  
Błażej Jendrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Cge Modelling ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
The Individual

The paper discusses various approaches to modelling measures of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) within a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework for the new budgetary period 2014–2020. The task of modelling such a complex policy as the CAP with the use of CGE is not easy at least for three reasons. First, the policy itself is very complex – Pillar 2 alone includes about 17 very heterogeneous measures, which differ in terms of implementation and eligibility criteria. Pillar 1 measures are not targeted (in terms of goods and services that may be bought with these funds) and thus the assessment of their impact requires additional knowledge on how they were spent. Second, although CGE models represent all sectors of the economy, yet they normally do not characterise individual sectors with such a precision as would be desired for modelling the nuances of the individual CAP measures. Third, the CAP evolves towards less tangible measures (risk management, quality improvements, conditionality based on environmental requirements), and towards increasing role of non-marketed goods (provision of public goods, environmental amenities, food safety). There is also an increasing role of human capital manifested by e.g. bottom-up approaches or co-operation measures. They, however, are difficult to grasp by the CGE models since they are not directly observed or linked to the exogenous variables controlled in this types of models. While taking all the challenges into account and relaying on a literature review the article presents some solution and makes suggestions for possible ways of modelling new CAP 2014–2020 within CGE modelling framework which may be useful in the policy evaluation.

scholarly journals Deviant behaviour in Internet communication: Diagnosis and prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-530
Author(s):  
Nina V. Starykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Community ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Deviant Behaviour ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Sequential Procedures ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Detailed Search ◽  
Google Search

The article discusses the forms of deviant speech behaviour in an online environment in various situational contexts. The approach proposed by the author represents a new level of understanding of the problem. So far, the vast majority of publications have been devoted to describing the phenomenon of network behaviour that deviates from accepted ethical standards. Considering the problem in the context of a situation that is characterized by clear role prescriptions, it becomes possible to identify the motives of the communicative behaviour of the participants. This, in turn, allows us to answer a question of a different level: how to correct the deviant behaviour of participants in network communities. The findings are based on representative empirical material collected in accordance with three sequential procedures. At the first stage, the most frequent semantic equivalents of the phrase “ethics and the Internet” were selected using the Google search engine web service. In the second stage, cases were selected that fell into the top of search results for search queries selected at the previous stage. At the third stage, the “snowball” method was used — a detailed search for information of the most common forms of deviant network behaviour. The author offers a classification of deviant behaviour by two types of factors: socio-psychological and institutional. Socio-psychological factors include dialogism and game motivation, which are actualized in the context of a virtual environment. When it comes to “serious” communities, UX designers should take care to reinforce the signs of NOT — gaming reality. Among the institutional factors, the most significant is the immaturity of the professional community of SMM — managers engaged in the promotion of goods and services on social networks. In this case, unfair competition takes place, which is qualified by Russian law.

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