scholarly journals How do gender disparities in entrepreneurial aspirations emerge in Pakistan? An approach to mediation and multi-group analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260437
Author(s):  
Ghulam Raza Sargani ◽  
Yuansheng Jiang ◽  
Deyi Zhou ◽  
Abbas Ali Chandio ◽  
Mudassir Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Male And Female

This cross-sectional study sought to identify gender differences in individual behavioral attitudes, personal traits, and entrepreneurial education based on planned behavior theory. The Smart partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model and PLS path modeling were used. A survey design was used to collect data from 309 samples using quantitative measures. The model was tested for validity and reliability and showed variance (full, R2 = 58.9% and split, R2 = 62.7% and R2 = 52.7%) in male and female model predictive power, respectively. Subjective norms (SN), personality traits (PT), and entrepreneurial education (EE) significantly impacted the male sample’s intention. Females’ intentions toward entrepreneurship was less affected by attitude toward behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and entrepreneurship education (EE). Further, attitudes, social norms, and behavioral controls as mediation variables indicate a significant and positive role of male and female intentions. These findings imply that behavioral beliefs (ATB, PBC, and SN) influence entrepreneurial intention-action translation. The results significantly supported the designed hypotheses and shed light on individual personality traits (PT) and entrepreneurship education (EE) underpinning enterprise intention. The study determined that EE and PT are the strongest predictors of intention, thus highlighting the role of these motives in the entrepreneurial process. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on youth entrepreneurs, expands our understanding of entrepreneurship as a practical career choice, and offers a novel account differentiating male and female PT. The drive to evaluate the effects of entrepreneurial intention among budding disparities in Pakistan requires a more profound knowledge of the aspects that endorse entrepreneurship as a choice of profession and enhances youth incentive abilities to engage in entrepreneurial activities based on exploitation.

scholarly journals Undergraduates entrepreneurial intention: Holistic determinants matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Tan Owee Kowang ◽  
Siti Zulaiha Binti Abdulah Apandi ◽  
Ong Choon Hee ◽  
Goh Chin Fei ◽  
Mohd Saiful Izwaan Saadon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Public University ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude ◽  
Significant Difference

The role of entrepreneurship in job creation and unemployment reduction is well established by prior studies. Hence, one of the ways to address the unemployment issue among young graduates in Malaysia is to explore how entrepreneurial intention could be embraced into the broader context of the country's education system. Empirical research found that prior studies on entrepreneurship education in Malaysia tends to focus on reviewing educational policies, issue and challenges. The concept of the entrepreneurial intention determinants beyond entrepreneurial education remains ambiguous. Hence, this study advances the discussion in entrepreneurship education by reviewing determinants for entrepreneurial intention from holistic perspective by integrating Model of Personality Traits and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Five determinants for entrepreneurial intention are identified from literature review, which are entrepreneurship attitude, subjective norm, behavior control, entrepreneurship education and personality traits. The study is quantitative based, 360 questionnaires were distributed to the undergraduates from three faculties of a public university in Malaysia, with 199 responded. Data was analyzed via Pearson correlation and ANOVA analysis. Finding from the study suggested all the five entrepreneurial determinants are significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intention, and there is no significant difference on entrepreneurial intention based on faculty. However, one of the remarkable finding is Entrepreneurship Education is viewed as determinant with the lowest correlation coefficient with entrepreneurial intention. The implication of this finding is perhaps the content of entrepreneurial education shall emphasize on cultivating students’ entrepreneurial attitude, behavioral and personality rather than the theoretical part of entrepreneurial and entrepreneurship.

Exploring the link between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: the moderating role of educational fields

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Doanh Duong
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to integrate the prediction from entrepreneurship education with the theory of planned behaviors (TPB) to build a conceptual framework and estimate the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention over and above key predictors from an extended TPB model. Also, the moderating impacts of educational fields in the paths from entrepreneurial education, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to entrepreneurial intention are tested in this study.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a sample of 559 university students who received entrepreneurship education at 12 universities from Vietnam. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to test the validity and reliability of all variables and regression analyses were used to estimate coefficient paths. Then, bootstrapping method with the PROCESS approach was utilized to test the indirect correlations.FindingsThe study reveals that attitude toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control were positively and strongly associated with entrepreneurial intention, while the linkage between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention was not significant. Also, the findings show that even though entrepreneurship education did not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial intention, it increased entrepreneurial intention via attitude toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control. In addition, this study finds that educational fields moderate the associations between predictors and entrepreneurial intention.Practical implicationsThis study offers both universities and policymakers options to foster youths' entrepreneurial activities.Originality/valueThis study is expected to significantly contribute to entrepreneurship literature by enriching our understanding of the interesting and crucial linkages between entrepreneurship education, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the current research reveals that for economic and business management students, the paths are driven from entrepreneurial education, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to intention to engage in entrepreneurial activities has become stronger when compared to students of majors in engineering and others.

scholarly journals Business House as an Entrepreneurship Education Program to Boost Entrepreneurship Intention Amongst Student University in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Sentot Imam Wahjono ◽  
Anna Marina ◽  
Fam Soo Fen
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
And Behavior

By applying the theory of planned behavior, which is the attitude, subjective norms, and behavior control perceived, this study discusses the influence of the Business House as an Entrepreneurship Education Program to increase the intention of university students in entrepreneurship.  A quantitative approach was chosen for this research. The study was conducted at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya Indonesia (UMSurabaya). The unit analysis was 480 students who had taken courses in Introduction to Business. Using the Krejcie Morgan table with an error rate of 5%, the sample is 202, after being collected again with google form complete data was obtained to be analyzed with SPSS of 190 respondents. The data analysis used includes descriptive analysis and path analysis. The findings of this research found evidence that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control have a positive and significant influence on student entrepreneurial intention by being mediated by entrepreneurial education programs in the form of business house activities. The findings of this study imply that entrepreneurship education program activities are needed in the lectures of business students as entrepreneurial education programs to strengthen student intentions in family business knowledge. This implication is very important especially applied in universities that expect graduates to do business.

scholarly journals Identifying the Role of Teachers in Developing Entrepreneurial Intention of Prospective Teachers

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Saubia Ramzan ◽  
Muhammad Shakir ◽  
Jam Muhammad Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Trainee Teachers

This research study identified the main areas related to entrepreneurship teacher education. The main objectives of the study were: (a) to identify the importance of entrepreneurship education for teacher education in Pakistan; (b) to identify the areas to prepare pre-service teachers for entrepreneurship education. The nature of study was descriptive while mixed method approach was used to gather information. Twelve teacher educators and eighty five prospective teachers were selected by using convenience sampling technique. ENVIVO-11 and SPSS were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data. It was revealed that mostly interviewees agreed on entrepreneurial education should be made a part of national professional standards of teachers. Majority of the trainee teachers appreciated entrepreneurship education. Most of the respondents intervene about imparting and improving entrepreneurial education for prospective teachers’ course. Interviewees are appreciating this step of entrepreneurial intentions in prospective teachers’ course.

scholarly journals Impact of dark tetrad personality traits on nascent entrepreneurial behavior: the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cai ◽  
Majid Murad ◽  
Sheikh Farhan Ashraf ◽  
Shumaila Naz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of negative personality traits on entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior has become a research focus in the field of entrepreneurship. This study aimed to identify the influence of dark tetrad personality traits on the nascent entrepreneurial behavior and the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention. This study used partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses on a sample of 347 undergraduate and postgraduate university students from China. The results of this study revealed that narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism have a positive and significant influence on nascent entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial intention, which significantly partially mediates the relationship between dark tetrad and nascent entrepreneurial behavior. The finding of the study implies China’s higher education and policymakers to unlock the hidden potential of its youth. This study contributes to the emerging literature on psychology and entrepreneurship and provides evidence that individuals with a high level of dark tetrad are more likely to be involved in entrepreneurial action.

Nexus between entrepreneurship education, motivations, and intention among Indian university students: The role of psychological and contextual factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110532
Author(s):  
Aamir Hassan ◽  
Imran Anwar ◽  
Ambreen Saleem ◽  
Wafa Rashid Alalyani ◽  
Imran Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivations ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the impact of different psychological and contextual factors on entrepreneurial motivations and the role of entrepreneurial motivations in determining the entrepreneurial intention of students at Indian universities. The paper also explores whether gender acts as a moderator in the entrepreneurial motivation–intention relationship. Cross-sectional data were collected by administering a questionnaire to 329 students who had received entrepreneurship education during their course program. A confirmatory factor analysis model was run to ensure the model’s fitness, reliability, and validity, while structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. The study validates the following key findings. First, the psychological factors of perceived cultural support and entrepreneurship education foster entrepreneurial motivations, which help determine students’ entrepreneurial intention, whereas fear of failure negatively affects students’ entrepreneurial motivations. Second, the contextual factors of government support policies and access to entrepreneurial finance do not influence entrepreneurial motivations. Third, entrepreneurial motivations significantly enhance the entrepreneurial intention of students. Fourth, gender negatively moderates the entrepreneurial motivation–intention relationship. The study contributes to the literature on the entrepreneurial motivation–intention relationship using psychological and contextual factors and also explores the interaction effect of gender on that relationship.

scholarly journals Questioning the Role of Entrepreneurship Education: Evidences from Vocational Schools in Indonesia. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning. Vol .05. Issue. 02

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Research Finding ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude

The study aims to compare student’s entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial attitude subjective norms, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) between students who participated in entrepreneurship education and those who have not. The second purpose is to analyze the role of entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norm, and ESE as mediator variables of entrepreneurial motivation toward entrepreneurial intention statistically. 376 students from seventh vocational secondary schools in Indonesia were involved as participants. Students who followed on entrepreneurship education ware not differ with those who have not on their entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norm, and ESE statistically were significant as mediators of entrepreneurial motivation towards entrepreneurial intention. The research finding can be considered for a source of evaluation of entrepreneurship education programs in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Determinants of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: A Perspective of Tertiary Education in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Corry Yohana
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Factors Affecting

Entrepreneurial intention measurements are important that should be managed and which can be used to enhance number of entrepreneurs from higher school graduates. This study aims to examine determinant factors affecting students’ entrepreneurial intention from subjective norms, attitudes, self-efficacy, locus of control perspectives and understanding the role of entrepreneurship education. This study adopted a survey with correlation approach to obtain a greater understanding for the phenomenon. The data were collected using purposive method from questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale to voluntary respondents and were analyzed using SPPS application. The findings of the study indicate that the variable of subjective norm, attitude, self-efficacy, locus of control, entrepreneurship education and adversity quotient successfully drive students’ entrepreneurial intention. This study suggests to pay attention these variables in driving students’ entrepreneurial intentions.  

scholarly journals Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Mindset, and Creativity on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Jiatong ◽  
Majid Murad ◽  
Fu Bajun ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Tufail ◽  
Farhan Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Model Technique

This study aimed to investigate the direct influence of entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial mindset, and creativity on the entrepreneurial intention with the indirect role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This study applied the structural equation model technique using AMOS software to verify the hypothesis relationships. This study collected self-administered survey data from 365 university students of Jiangsu and Zhejiang province of China. The findings indicated that entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial mindset, and creativity have a positive and significant influence on entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, results revealed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates in the relationship between entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial mindset, and creativity on entrepreneurial intention. Further implications and limitations are also discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy as Mediator: The Impact of Entrepreneur Education on Entrepreneur Intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Rr Fosa Sarassina
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The literature review shows inconsistent results of the relationship between entrepreneurial education withentrepreneurial intention and recommends the investigation of the role of self-efficacy as a mediator between the two constructs. This study aims to meet that purpose. From the response of 241 students in Jogjakarta, which was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), it is concluded that self-efficacy mediates the relationship. This finding signifies the role of entrepreneurship education as it builds self-efficacy to become an entrepreneur, which in turn increases the intention to become one.

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