Temporal Trends in the Rates of Multiple Maternities in England and Wales

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldur W. Eriksson ◽  
Johan Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Delayed Childbearing ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Continuous Decrease ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractAfter a long continuous decrease, the twinning and higher multifetal rates in many developed countries have increased during the last 2 to 3 decades. This change has been attributed to delayed childbearing and to increased use of subfertility treatments, particularly in women over 35 years of age. In this study we analyze how these new trends depend on changes in the effect of maternal age on the rates of multiple maternities. Our study is based on data for England and Wales for the period 1938 to 2003. The temporal variations show a decreasing trend to a trough around 1980 and after that a steady increase. This increase was more marked for higher multifetal rates and was particularly high for quadruplets. Furthermore, we identified changes in the age-specific rates resulting in increased levels for older mothers. These findings are in good agreement with our results from Nordic populations.

scholarly journals Birth weight trends in England and Wales (1986–2012): babies are getting heavier

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. F264-F270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Elisabeth Ghosh ◽  
Jacob Dag Berild ◽  
Anna Freni Sterrantino ◽  
Mireille B Toledano ◽  
Anna L Hansell
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionBirth weight is a strong predictor of infant mortality, morbidity and later disease risk. Previous work from the 1980s indicated a shift in the UK towards heavier births; this descriptive analysis looks at more recent trends.MethodsOffice for National Statistics (ONS) registration data on 17.2 million live, single births from 1986 to 2012 were investigated for temporal trends in mean birth weight, potential years of birth weight change and changes in the proportions of very low (<1500 g), low (<2500 g) and high (≥4000 g) birth weight. Analysis used multiple linear and logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, marital status, area-level deprivation and ethnicity. Additional analyses used the ONS NHS Numbers for Babies data set for 2006–2012, which has information on individual ethnicity and gestational age.ResultsOver 27 years there was an increase in birth weight of 43 g (95% CI 42 to 44) in females and 44 g (95% CI 43 to 45) in males, driven by birth weight increases between 1986–1990 and 2007–2012. There was a concurrent decreased risk of having low birth weight but an 8% increased risk in males and 10% increased risk in females of having high birth weight. For 2006–2012 the birth weight increase was greater in preterm as compared with term births.ConclusionsSince 1986 the birth weight distribution of live, single births in England and Wales has shifted towards heavier births, partly explained by increases in maternal age and non-white ethnicity, as well as changes in deprivation levels. Other potential influences include increases in maternal obesity and reductions in smoking prevalence particularly following the introduction of legislation restricting smoking in public places in 2007.

Maternal Age and Temporal Effects on Stillbirth Rates

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Fellman ◽  
Aldur W. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Birth Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Official Data

AbstractStillbirth rates among single and multiple births show markedly decreasing temporal trends. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that the stillbirth rates are dependent on maternal age, in general, showing a U- or J-shaped association with maternal age. In this study, the temporal trends in and the effect of maternal age on the stillbirth rate were considered simultaneously. Our goal was to split the variation into temporal trends and maternal age effects. We applied two-dimensional analysis of variance because no linear association between maternal age and stillbirth rate can be assumed. The temporal trends of stillbirth rates also were not clearly linear. However, the possibility of applying regression analyses based on linear time trends was also considered. Our study is mainly based on official data from England and Wales for the period between 1927 and 2004. These results were compared with registered birth data from Finland between 1937 and 1997. The best fit was obtained when the models were built for the logarithm of the stillbirth rate. Our interpretation of this result is that an association exists between the effects of the factors and the mean stillbirth rate, and consequently, a multiplicative model was applied. Relatively high stillbirth rates were observed among twin births of young mothers and among all births of older mothers.

Maternal age at birth and daughter’s fecundability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Basso ◽  
Sydney K Willis ◽  
Elizabeth E Hatch ◽  
Ellen M Mikkelsen ◽  
Kenneth J Rothman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Competing Interest

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Do daughters of older mothers have lower fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER In this cohort study of North American pregnancy planners, there was virtually no association between maternal age ≥35 years and daughters’ fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Despite suggestive evidence that daughters of older mothers may have lower fertility, only three retrospective studies have examined the association between maternal age and daughter’s fecundability. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Prospective cohort study of 6689 pregnancy planners enrolled between March 2016 and January 2020. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) is an ongoing pre-conception cohort study of pregnancy planners (age, 21-45 years) from the USA and Canada. We estimated fecundability ratios (FR) for maternal age at the participant’s birth using multivariable proportional probabilities regression models. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Daughters of mothers ≥30 years were less likely to have previous pregnancies (or pregnancy attempts) or risk factors for infertility, although they were more likely to report that their mother had experienced problems conceiving. The proportion of participants with prior unplanned pregnancies, a birth before age 21, ≥3 cycles of attempt at study entry or no follow-up was greater among daughters of mothers &lt;25 years. Compared with maternal age 25–29 years, FRs (95% CI) for maternal age &lt;20, 20–24, 30–34, and ≥35 were 0.72 (0.61, 0.84), 0.92 (0.85, 1.00), 1.08 (1.00, 1.17), and 1.00 (0.89, 1.12), respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although the examined covariates did not meaningfully affect the associations, we had limited information on the participants’ mother. Differences by maternal age in reproductive history, infertility risk factors and loss to follow-up suggest that selection bias may partly explain our results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our finding that maternal age 35 years or older was not associated with daughter’s fecundability is reassuring, considering the trend towards delayed childbirth. However, having been born to a young mother may be a marker of low fecundability among pregnancy planners. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) PRESTO was funded by NICHD Grants (R21-HD072326 and R01-HD086742) and has received in-kind donations from Swiss Precision Diagnostics, FertilityFriend.com, Kindara.com, and Sandstone Diagnostics. Dr Wise is a fibroid consultant for AbbVie, Inc. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER n/a

scholarly journals Positive Design for Children with Atopic Dermatitis—Enhanced Problem-Solving and Possibility-Driven Approach in the Context of Chronic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Veronika Weiß ◽  
Michael Minge ◽  
Bernhard Preim ◽  
Steffi Hußlein
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Design For Children

Since the 1960s, atopic dermatitis has seen a steady increase in prevalence in developed countries. Most often, the onset begins at an early age and many patients are very young children. Due to their young age, their parents are forced to take over handling of the disease. As a consequence, atopic dermatitis places a high burden not only on affected children, but also on their parents and siblings, limiting human flourishing of a whole family. Therefore, the described research area calls for a possibility-driven approach that looks beyond mere problem-solving while building on existing support possibilities and creating new ones. This paper presents atopi as a result of such a possibility-driven approach. It incorporates existing patient education and severity scoring into an extensive service, adding new elements to turn necessary practices into joyful experiences, to create feelings of relatedness and to increase perceived self-efficacy, thus is suitable to enable human flourishing.

Coping with Demographic Change in Job Markets: How Age Diversity Management Contributes to Organisational Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Bieling ◽  
Ruth Maria Stock ◽  
Florian Dorozalla
Keyword(s):  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
Dependence Theory ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Hr Managers

Demographic shifts are altering job markets in developed countries. A steady increase in the average age of employees and a decline in the number of young, qualified workers have intensified the war for talent, resulting in highly competitive and dynamic job markets. Using resource dependence theory, this study investigates how organisations respond to such challenges. An investigation of a sample of 153 German companies provides support for the hypotheses that HR managers implement age diversity management in both appraisal and compensation practices as a response to competitive job markets which, in turn, contributes to organisational performance.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer in Lebanon: Incidence, Temporal Trends, and Comparison to Regional and Western Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482199686
Author(s):  
Najla A. Lakkis ◽  
Ola El-Kibbi ◽  
Mona H. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
P Value ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Incidence ◽  
Males And Females

Global trends in the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer show a steady increase with significant predilection to western developed countries, possibly linking it to westernized lifestyles among other risk factors. This study aims to investigate the incidence and trends of colorectal cancer in Lebanon, a country in the Middle East and North Africa region, and to compare these rates to those in regional and western countries. Colorectal cancer incidence data were extracted from the Lebanese National Cancer Registry for the currently available years 2005 to 2016. The calculated age-standardized incidence rates and age-specific rates were expressed as per 100,000 population. The age-standardized incidence rates of colorectal cancer in Lebanon increased from 16.3 and 13.0 per 100,000 in 2005 to 23.2 and 20.2 per 100,000 in 2016, among males and females, respectively. The incidences were higher for males, and they increased with age. The annual percent change was +4.36% and +4.45%, in males and females respectively (p-value < 0.05). There was a non-statistically significant trend of decrease in recent years (since 2012 in males and since 2011 in females). The age-standardized incidence rates in Lebanon were higher than those in the majority of the regional countries, but lower than the rates in developed western countries. There were high age-specific incidence rates at age groups 40-44 and 45-49 years in Lebanon in both males and females (with significant rising temporal trend) compared to other countries, including the ones reported to have the highest colorectal cancer age-standardized incidence rate worldwide. Therefore, the burden of colorectal cancer is significant in Lebanon. This raises the necessity to develop national strategies tailored to reduce colorectal cancer incidence through promoting healthy lifestyles, raising awareness, and early detection as of 40 years of age.

scholarly journals Prevalence and temporal trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Jilin, Northeast China, 2011-2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Qing Sun ◽  
Mengying Wang ◽  
Meng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
And Gender

Objective: In China, the obesity epidemic is truly national and childhood obesity prevalence has rapidly increased and is close to the developed countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and temporal trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Jilin City, China (2011-2015). Methods: The data derived from the census on students’ constitution and health in 2011-2015 carried out by the Jilin CDC, Jilin City. 191191 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years were included in the present survey, of which 37549 in 2011 to 41564 in the 2015. The newly developed age- and gender-specific BMI cutoffs by the working group on obesity in China were used to define overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Results: The mean of BMI (body mass index) was significantly increasing from 20.9 kg/m2 in 2011 to 21.5 kg/m2 in 2015 in all subjects. Overweight and Obesity prevalence of total students aged 7-18 years had a significantly increasing from 2012 to 2015 (P<0.001), from 16.0% and 13.1% to 17.1% and 17.1%. The minimum value of BMI and overweight and obesity prevalence in overall age group all presented in 2012. Boys and girls all showed the significant increase in overweight and obesity prevalence in every age group from 2012 to 2015 and boys higher than girls (P<0.001). Regardless of girls and boys, the most likely of children and adolescents being overweight and obesity had been observed in the youngest age and lowest school grade category. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that all the overweight and obesity prevalence among children and adolescents over the past 5 years were higher than the 2010 Chinese National Level and Chinese large coastal cities’ level and a significantly increase from 2011-2015. Obesity epidemic is serious, at least not optimistic among children and adolescents in Jilin, Northeast China.

scholarly journals Younger Age in Adolescent Pregnancies Is Associated with Higher Risk of Adverse Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8514
Author(s):  
Maria de la Calle ◽  
Jose L. Bartha ◽  
Cristina M. Lopez ◽  
Miriam Turiel ◽  
Nuria Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Breastfeeding Intention ◽  
Labor Complications ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancies

Adolescent pregnancy remains a health issue worldwide also in developed countries, since it has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Some data suggest that very young adolescents have higher risk, likely due to immaturity. Therefore, we aimed to assess the influence of maternal age on complications during gestation and labor in pregnant women between 13 and 19 years of age. In particular, we evaluated the possible association between maternal age and obstetric, fetal and labor complications. This is a retrospective, observational and exploratory study conducted at Hospital Universitario La Paz (HULP, Madrid, Spain). The clinical history of 279 women who delivered between 2013 and 2018 was analyzed. Maternal age and the presence of maternal, fetal and labor complications, as well as risk of postpartum depression and breastfeeding intention, were recorded. General regression models were used to analyze the contribution of maternal age on each complication. The percentage of adolescent pregnancies at HULP between 2013 and 2018 was 0.9%. The risk of all the maternal complications analyzed decreased significantly with every year of age of the mother (hyperemesis, lower back pain, anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and threat of premature labor and premature rupture of membranes). Every year of maternal age decreased 0.8-fold [0.8; 0.9] the prevalence of fetal complications and also reduced the risk of C-section, postpartum hemorrhage and obstetrical hysterectomy. Furthermore, higher maternal age increased 1.1-fold [1.0; 1.2] the breastfeeding intention. In conclusion, young adolescents are at higher risk of complications during pregnancy and labor.

scholarly journals Drying characteristics and kinetics of fluidized bed dried potato

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. BAKAL ◽  
K.H. GEDAM ◽  
G.P. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

In developed countries, more than 50% potatoes are consumed as processed products. As drying is the vital phenomenon in processing, it is necessary to investigate the drying characteristics and its kinetics. In this experimental study, drying kinetics of Potato in two different shape of cuboidal & cylindrical with three aspect ratio was investigated as a function of drying conditions. Experiments were conducted using air temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ºC, at velocity of 7 ms-1. The experimental moisture data were fitted to Page and simple models available in the literature, and a good agreement was observed. The Page model gave better fit than simple model. In the ranges covered, the values of the effective moisture diffusivity, Deff were obtained between 2.278 × 10-9 to 3.314 × 10-8 m2s-1 from the Fick's diffusion model. Using Deff, the value of activation energy (Ea) was determined assuming the Arrhenius-type temperature relationship.

scholarly journals Global utilisation of cereals: sustainability and environmental issues

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
O.O. Olugbire ◽  
S. Olorunfemi ◽  
D.O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Future Demands

Over the years, cereals have been the major food consumed by humans and have also been used in animal diet and therefore highly commendable for playing a major role in the preservation of human race. Studies have shown that half of the total percentage of calories consumed in the world is from cereals while it is also the most traded agricultural crop at the international market. This motivates the need to assess its utilisation in the past, present and future. This review shows that much driven by the use of cereals are factors like consumption and dietary pattern of a person or country, technological advancement in adding value to it, income status, market forces of demand and supply, level of affluence and policy. The trend in global cereals utilisation since its domestication has indicated an upward one with bulk of it being consumed as food in developing countries while majority of it goes into feeding livestock in developed countries. Evidence from this study also shows that the per capita utilisation of cereals directly for food is exceedingly great in developing countries than developed countries which is an indicator of malnutrition when not balance with other nutrients as it was observed in Bangladesh where calorie intake of an adult is about 90% from cereals. While there is a steady increase in global cereals utilisation due to its discovered industrial use as fuel, increased population and other factors, it will be expedient to focus on its sustainability and environmental issues that are likely to come up as a limitation to meet future demands.

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