Cross-sectional seasonal prevalence and relative risk of ectoparasitic infestations of rodents in North Sinai, Egypt

Background and Aim: Rodents are ubiquitous animals that host ectoparasites and transmit zoonotic diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the seasonal variation, period prevalence (Pp), and relative risk of ectoparasitic infestations in rodents collected in North Sinai, Egypt, from September 2019 to August 2020. Materials and Methods: We captured 380 rodents during the study period. Rodents were euthanized to perform species identification, and 2930 external parasites were collected and identified using light microscopic examination with systemic keys depending on morphological characters. Results: Rattus norvegicus (brown rat), Rattus rattus frugivorus (white-bellied rat), Rattus rattus alexandrines (gray-bellied rat), and Mus musculus domesticus (house mouse) were captured at the highest frequencies during summer (n=186), followed by spring (n=84), fall (n=71), and winter (n=39), with a higher proportion of males captured in all seasons. Analysis of the infestation Pp revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in ectoparasites during the winter. Temperature, humidity, and dew point were significantly (p<0.01) correlated with the numbers of captured and infested rodents. Parasitological examinations showed the higher risks of flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea, Xenopsylla cheopis, and Leptopsylla segnis) and lice (Hoplopleura hirsuta, Hoplopleura ocanthopus, Hoplopleura oenomydis, and Polyplax spinulosa) infestations during winter and mite (Laelaps nuttalli, Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Myobia musculi) infestations during summer. Conclusion: We conclude that ectoparasitic infestation prevalence and risk varies with predominating macroclimatic conditions. Strict preventive and biosecurity measures should be applied to combat rodent-related problems.

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Relative risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in women with type 2 diabetes, but not in those with prediabetes, as compared with men

10.2337/figshare.12915272 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Succurro ◽

Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino ◽

Sofia Miceli ◽

Maria Perticone ◽

Angela Sciacqua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Glucose

Objective: Most, but not all studies suggested that women with type 2 diabetes have higher relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than men. More uncertainty exists on whether the RR for CVD is higher in prediabetic women compared to men. Research Design and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, in 3540 normal glucose tolerant (NGT), prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for prevalent non-fatal CVD between men and women. In a longitudinal study including 1658 NGT, prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for incident major adverse outcomes, including all-cause death, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease events after 5.6 years follow-up. Results: Women with prediabetes and diabetes exhibited greater relative differences in BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, hsCRP, and white blood cell count than men with prediabetes and diabetes when compared with their NGT counterparts. We found a higher RR for prevalent CVD in diabetic women (RR 9.29; 95% CI 4.73-18.25; P<0.0001) than in men (RR 4.56; 95% CI 3.07-6.77; P<0.0001), but no difference in RR for CVD was observed comparing prediabetic women and men. In the longitudinal study, we found that diabetic, but not prediabetic women have higher RR (RR 5.25; 95% CI 3.22-8.56; P<0.0001) of incident major adverse outcomes than their male counterparts (RR 2.72; 95% CI 1.81-4.08; P<0.0001). Conclusions: This study suggests that diabetic, but not prediabetic, women have higher RR for prevalent and incident major adverse outcomes than men.

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Migration, family dysfunction and psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.186.5.442 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 186 (5) ◽

pp. 442-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Luis R. Patino ◽

Jean-Paul Selten ◽

Herman van Engeland ◽

Jan H. M. Duyx ◽

René S. Kahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Family Dysfunction ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Migration History ◽

And Migration

SummaryA cross-sectional study of 3426 referred children and adolescents showed that the presence of both migration history and family dysfunction was associated with a fourfold (95% CI 2–9) higher risk of psychotic symptoms compared with the absence of these factors. The relative risk was 2 (95% CI 1–4) for migration history only. Interaction between migration history and family dysfunction accounted for 58% (95% CI 5–91%) of those with psychotic symptoms. These results suggest a relationship between family dysfunction and migration in the development of psychosis.

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The Prevalence of Anterior Teeth Fracture and its Relation to Malocclusion in 12 and 15 Year Old School Children Belgaum City India

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry ◽

10.5005/johcd-1-1-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pradeep. S. Tangade

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Relative Risk ◽

School Children ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anterior Teeth

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to know the prevalence of anterior teeth fracture and malocclusion and their correlation among the school going children aged 12 and 15 years, as well as to analyze the general relative risk factors like age, sex, malocclusion, nature and place of trauma. Method An epidemiological cross sectional study was carried out among 3621 school going children (2418 boys and 1203 girls) in Belgaum city aged 12 and 15 years. Interview was conducted fro other variables and clinical examination using modified WHO performa was done. Results The prevalence of anterior teeth fracture was 4.41%. The prevalence rate for males was 4.96% and females 3.33%. The maxillary left central incisor had more risk for fracture (42.7%). Enamel fractures compromised of 59.54%. The prevalence rate of malocclusion was 27.3%. Conclusions The study concludes that there is a strong relationship between malocclusion and fractured anterior teeth (P<0.001). Key words: Malocclusion, Trauma, Prevalence, Tooth Fracture

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Patients with Essential Thrombocythaemia have an Increased Prevalence of Antiphospholipid Antibodies which may be associated with Thrombosis

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1613087 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (05) ◽

pp. 802-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

S. Donohoe ◽

P. Carr ◽

M. Dave ◽

I. Mackie ◽

S.J. Machin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Essential Thrombocythaemia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Thrombotic Risk ◽

Glycoprotein I ◽

Thrombotic Complications

SummaryA significant proportion of patients with Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET) have thrombotic complications which have an important impact upon the quality, and duration of their life. We performed a retrospective cross sectional study of the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in 68 ET patients. Compared to 200 “elderly” controls (> 50 years) there was a significant increase in anticardiolipin IgM (p < 0.0001) and anti β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) IgM (p < 0.0001) antibodies in ET. Thrombosis occurred in 10/20 with APA and 12/48 without, p = 0.04, relative risk 2.0 (95% confidence intervals 1.03–3.86); these patients did not differ in terms of other clinical features. The prevalence of thrombosis in patients with dual APA (6/7) was significant when compared to those with single APA (p = 0.02) and the remaining patients (p < 0.0002). Also anti-β2GP1 IgM antibodies either alone, or in combination with another APA, were associated with thrombosis (p = 0.02). These results suggest that the prevalence of APA in ET and their influence upon thrombotic risk merit investigation in a larger study.

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The serum concentrations of leptin and MCP-1 independently predict low back pain duration

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2016-0942 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giuseppe Lippi ◽

Concetta Dagostino ◽

Ruggero Buonocore ◽

Rosalia Aloe ◽

Chiara Bonaguri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Low Back ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Pain Duration

AbstractBackground:Low back pain (LBP) is a very frequent condition, affecting most people at some point throughout their life. This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate a selected panel of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with or without LBP.Methods:The study population consisted of 104 patients diagnosed with LBP (52 non-persistent and 52 persistent) and 52 healthy subjects with no LBP. Blood samples were collected for assessment of adiponectin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C reactive protein (CRP). The duration of LBP was categorized as “no pain”, “non-persistent LBP” and “persistent LBP”.Results:Higher values of CRP and lower concentrations of both leptin and MCP-1 were found in LBP patients compared to controls, whereas adiponectin did not differ among groups. MCP-1 was also lower in patients with non-persistent than in those with persistent LBP. Age, leptin (relative risk, 11.8; 95% CI, 3.9–35.8) and MCP-1 (relative risk, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7–4.4) were independently associated with presence and duration of LBP. The combination of age, leptin and MCP-1 predicted 61% of the risk of LBP duration. The area under the curve of MCP-1 for distinguishing persistent from non-persistent LBP was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.54–0.76).Conclusions:Then results of our study suggest that leptin and MCP-1 may be promising biomarkers for diagnosis of acute LBP and its risk to become chronic.

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Economic Importance and Widespread of Ectoparasites Infestation in Indigenous Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). A Study from Selected Local Government Councils and States in Nigeria

Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research ◽

10.7770/safer-v0n0-art1661 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Ahaotu ◽

A. A. Akinfemi ◽

K.C. Okorie

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽

Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽

Indigenous Chicken ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indigenous Chickens ◽

Economic Significance ◽

Optimum Productivity ◽

And Control

A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to August 2017 to identify the widespread of ectoparasites in indigenous chickens and its associated economic significance in randomly selected Local Government Councils and States in Nigeria. A total of 1025 indigenous chickens were examined out of which 90.7% were infested with one or more ectoparasites species. Four types of ectoparasites genera were encountered in this study, 17.0% of the total chickens examined were infested with only one genera while 73.9% were infested with two or more different genera. Among the ectoparasites encountered, lice infestation (85.8%) was the most prevalent followed by mite (70.4%), Flea (27.3%) and tick (6.2%) in descending order of widespread. Ten different species of ectoparasites, namely Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Goniodes gigas, Cnemidocoptes mutans, Dermanyssus gallinae, Epidermoptes species, Laminosioptes cysticola, Megninia species, Echidnophaga gallinacean and Argas persicus were identified in the study. Menopon gallinae (50%) was most frequently encountered while Megninia species (2.7%) was least prevalent. The findings of this study showed that ectoparasites infestations were highly prevalent among indigenous chicken flocks, which may likely affect their optimum productivity. Routine prevention and control of ectoparasites should be encouraged in the study areas.Key Words: Indigenous chickens, ectoparasites, infestations, selected local government councils and states in Nigeria.

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Healthcare resource utilisation for chronic kidney disease and other major non-communicable chronic diseases in China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051888 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e051888

Author(s):

Chao Yang ◽

Jianyan Long ◽

Ying Shi ◽

Zhiye Zhou ◽

Jinwei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Healthcare Resource ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Resource Utilisation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Resource Utilisation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the healthcare resource utilisation for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other major non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in China.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA national inpatient database of tertiary hospitals in China.ParticipantsThe study included a total of 19.5 million hospitalisations of adult patients from July 2013 to June 2014. Information on CKD and other major NCDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, was extracted from the unified discharge summary form.Outcome measuresCost, length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe percentages of hospitalisations with CKD, CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, COPD and cancer were 4.5%, 9.2%, 8.2%, 18.8%, 7.9%, 2.3% and 19.4%, respectively. For each major NCD, the presence of CKD was independently associated with longer hospital stay, with increased percentages ranging from 7.69% (95% CI 7.11% to 8.28%) for stroke to 21.60% (95% CI 21.09% to 22.10%) for CHD. Hospital mortality for other NCDs was also higher in the presence of CKD, with fully adjusted relative risk ranging from 1.91 (95% CI 1.82 to 1.99) for stroke to 2.65 (95% CI 2.55 to 2.75) for cancer. Compared with other NCDs, CKD was associated with the longest hospital stay (22.1% increase) and resulted in the second highest in-hospital mortality, only lower than that of cancer (relative risk, 2.23 vs 2.87, respectively).ConclusionsThe presence of diagnosed CKD alongside each major NCD was associated with an additional burden on the healthcare system. Healthcare resource utilisation and prognosis of CKD were comparable with those of other major NCDs, which highlights the importance of CKD as a major public health burden.

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Stroke risk and its association with quality of life: a cross-sectional study among Chinese urban adults

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-021-01868-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huiqing Yao ◽

Juhua Zhang ◽

Yanmei Wang ◽

Qingqing Wang ◽

Fei Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Relative Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Most stroke risk studies focused on more established biological and pathophysiological risk factors such as hypertension and smoking, psychosocial factors such as quality of life are often under-investigated and thus less reported. The current study aims to estimate stroke risk and explore the impact of quality of life on stroke risk among a community sample of urban residents in Shanghai. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fengxian District of Shanghai City from December 2018 to April 2019. 4030 representative participants were recruited through a multistage, stratified, probability proportional to size sampling method and completed the study. Stroke risk was assessed using the Rapid Stroke Risk Screening Chart that included 8 risk factors for stroke. Quality of life was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Results One-third of residents were at risk for stroke, including 14.39% at high risk, and 18.68% at middle risk. The top three most commonly reported risk factors were physical inactivity (37.30%), hypertension (25.38%), and smoking (17.32%). Quality of life and its four domains were all independently and significantly associated with stroke risk. Multinominal logistic regressions showed that a one-unit increase in the quality of life was associated with a decreased relative risk for middle-risk relative to low-risk of stroke by a factor of 0.988 (95% CI:0.979, 0.997, P = 0.007), and a decreased relative risk for high-risk relative to low-risk of stroke by a factor of 0.975 (95% CI:0.966, 0.984, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings showed an alarmingly high prevalence of stroke risk among the sample, which may require future intervention programs to focus on improving both biological and behavioral risk factors such as increasing physical activity, early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, and smoking cessation, as well as improving psychosocial factors such as quality of life.

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Dietary habits of Samoan adults in an urban Australian setting: a cross-sectional study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015001998 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 788-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kym C Perkins ◽

Robert Ware ◽

Lemalu Felise Tautalasoo ◽

Ranandy Stanley ◽

Lote Scanlan-Savelio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

Structured Questionnaire ◽

Socio Economic Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo describe key characteristics of the dietary habits of Samoans residing in Logan, Queensland and to compare these characteristics with comparable populations.DesignDietary intake was measured using a self-administered structured questionnaire between December 2012 and March 2013. Demographic characteristics included age and sex. Questionnaire results were compared with data from samples of Brisbane residents of similar social and economic characteristics and Pacific Islanders in New Zealand. The association between demographic characteristics and diet was investigated.SettingLogan, Queensland, Australia.SubjectsSamoans aged 16 years and older.ResultsA total of 207 Samoans participated, ninety-six (46 %) of whom were male. Of the participants, seventy-nine (38 %) were aged 16–29 years, sixty-three (30 %) were aged 30–49 years and sixty-five (31 %) were aged ≥50 years. Younger adults were significantly more likely to eat hamburgers, pizza, cakes, savoury pastries, potato crisps, sweets and soft drinks (all variablesP<0·001). Among Samoans, 44·7 % consumed two or more pieces of fruit daily, compared with 43·8 % of comparable Brisbane residents (relative risk=1·0; 95 % CI 0·8, 1·2). Three or more servings of vegetables each day were consumed by 9·2 % of Samoans compared with 36·6 % of comparable Brisbane residents (relative risk=3·8; 95 % CI 2·5, 6·0).ConclusionsSamoans are consuming significantly fewer vegetables and more discretionary foods than other populations. Socio-economic factors, length of stay in Australia and cultural practices may impact upon Samoans’ diets. Further comprehensive studies on Samoans’ dietary habits in Australia are recommended.

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Ethnic variations in risk of preterm birth in an ethnically dense socially disadvantaged area in the UK: a retrospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e023570

Author(s):

Shuby Puthussery ◽

Leah Li ◽

Pei-Ching Tseng ◽

Lesley Kilby ◽

Jogesh Kapadia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Disadvantaged Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black African ◽

Socially Disadvantaged ◽

Behavioural Factors

ObjectiveTo investigate ethnic variations in risk of preterm birth (PTB), including extreme preterm birth (EPTB) and moderately preterm birth (MPTB), among mothers in an ethnically dense, socially disadvantaged area, and to examine whether any variations were dependent of area deprivation and maternal biological and behavioural factors.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.SettingA large UK National Health Service maternity unit.Participants46 307 women who gave singleton births between April 2007 and March 2016.Outcome measuresPTB defined as <37 weeks of gestation and further classified into EPTB (<28 weeks of gestation) and MPTB (28 to <37 weeks of gestation).ResultsOverall prevalence of PTB was higher (8.3%) compared with the national average (7.8%). Black Caribbean (2.2%) and black African (2.0%) mothers had higher absolute risk of EPTB than white British mothers (1.3%), particularly black Caribbean mothers whose relative risk ratio (RRR) was nearly twice after adjustment for all covariates (RRR=1.93[1.20 to 3.10]). Excess relative risk of EPTB among black African mothers became non-significant after adjustment for prenatal behavioural factors (RRR=1.41[0.99 to 2.01]). Bangladeshi mothers had the lowest absolute risk of EPTB (0.6%), substantially lower than white British mothers (1.3%); the difference in relative risk remained significant after adjustment for area deprivation (RRR=0.59[0.36 to 0.96]), but became non-significant after adjustment for maternal biological factors. Changes were evident in the relative risk of EPTB and MPTB among some ethnic groups compared with the white British on adjustment for different covariates.ConclusionsHigher than national rates of PTB point to the need for evidence-based antenatal and neonatal care programmes to support preterm babies and their families in ethnically dense socially disadvantaged areas. Differential impact of area deprivation and the role of modifiable behavioural factors highlight the need for targeted preventive interventions for groups at risk.

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